Renewable Energy Sources - ERNET

Renewable Energy SourcesD. ElangoAssistant Professor in Civil Engg.Hindustan College of Engg.Chennai – 603 103

Introduction Theincrease in energy consumption particularly inthe past several decades has raised fears ofexhausting the globe’s reserves of natural resourcesin the future Dueto industrializations and population growth oureconomy and technologies today largely dependupon natural resources, which are not replaceable Approximately90% of our energy consumptioncomes from fossil fuels

Introduction (cont’d) WorldEnergy Conservation predicted estimationabout the rate of utilization of energy resourcesshows that the coal deposits will deplete within thenext 200 to 300 years and petroleum deposits willdeplete in next few decades So,encourage the research and developmentactivities covering a broad spectrum of possiblerenewable resources, as their contributions aresubstantial

Introduction (cont’d) Powersector is one of the key sectors contributingsignificantly to the growth of country’s economy ACountry largely depends on the thermal powergeneration and a right fuel mix, based on welldiversified portfolios of indigenous and importedfuel would be required

Introduction (cont’d)Table shows the energy consumption ratein the different areaS.NoUsage AreaPercentageConsumption1.Industrial motors382.Agricultural pumps303.Lighting124.Domestic appliances12

Introduction (cont’d) The another advantage using renewable resources isthat they are distributed over a wide geographical area,ensuring that developing regions have access toelectricity generation at a stable cost for the long-termfuture Many experts now believe that renewable sources arepoised to achieve a major break through in the world’senergy market The huge consumption of fossil fuels has caused visibledamage to the environment in various forms

Introduction (cont’d)The following table shows the amount of carbonand sulphur deposited in the atmosphereS.NoActivityAmount Depositedin the Atmosphere1.HumanVehicle, Waste product etc2.Fossil fuels6.5 million tones3.Deforestation and forest firing1.5 million tones8 billion tonesAt present so many alternative fuels have beendeveloped, still they are able to meet only a smallproportion of our actual demand

Introduction (cont’d)The Table - 1 shows world wide largest contributionsto current energy sourcesS.No.SourcesAvailable in (%)1.Oil312.Coal263.Natural Gas194.Hydro Electricity65.Firewood & Crop waste12

Availability of Renewable Energy Resources RenewableEnergy sources are not depleted Itwon’t create any environmental pollutionproblems Byan one time investment we can drew energyfor many decades without affecting theenvironment

Solar Energy Thesolar energy falling on the Earths continents ismore than 200 times the total annual commercialenergy currently being used by humans¾The government started solar power adoptionwith subsidies¾Solar Energy can be classified as two types1. Passive solar and2. Active solar

Passive Solar Energy Passivesolar energy is making direct and indirectuse of thermal energies from the sun Asouthern exposure of a building guarantees themaximum exposure of the sun’s rays Specialmetal leaf covering over windows and roofscan block out the sun during the summer months

Passive Solar Energy

Active Solar Energy ActiveSolar Energy is the use of the sun’s Electromagnetic radiation in generating Electrical Energy Generallysemi-conductor silicon Boron solar chipsare used Theproblem of these chips one that they have lowEfficiency ratio and can only be used in supplyingEnergy needs of small devices (i.e. calculators,watches, radio etc.)

Hydropower Energy Hydroelectric power plants convert the kineticenergy contained in falling water into electricity Indiaranks FIFTH in the world Thecountry’s total hydropower potential has beenassessed as 84,044 MW, which is more than the oilpotential of the Arab countries About78% of the total hydropower potential is in theHimalayan region Basedon head it is classified as 1. High head and2. Low head

Wind Energy TamilNadu,Andhra and Gujarat are consideredsuitable for wind power generation Thelocation of wind turbines is a very importantfactor, which influences the performance of themachine TheWind power potential of the country is estimatedas 20,000 MW, and India now ranks FOURTH in theworld

Wind Energy Windmills are operated at wind speed normally notless than 3 mph To avoid turbulence from one turbine affecting thewind flow at others it is located at 5-15 times bladesdiameter Windturbines will not work in winds below13 km an hour

Biomass Energy Biomassis the most important source for energyproductions supplied by agriculture Thisenergy is also available in the form ofbiodegradable waste, which is the rejectedcomponent of available biomass organicmatter in which the energy of sunlight isstored in chemical bonds Whenthe bonds between carbon, hydrogen andoxygen molecules are broken by digestion,combustion (or) decomposition these substancesrelease stored energy

Biomass Energy Anaerobicdigestion converts biomass, especiallywaste product such as municipal solid waste andmarket waste. By using this method we can derive70% of the energy InChennai the government set up a power plantusing vegetable waste as fuel Daily40 tones of market waste is going to be usedfor the power plant

Biomass Energy The power plant will generate about 4800 units of electricity/dayThe power generated from the plant will be sold at Rs.3.15/unitFigure –2 Bio-Gas Power Plant

Environmental Problems in Non-renewableEnergy Resources Fossilfuels are coal; oil and natural gas, haveoriginated from the decomposition of organicmatter in or on the Earth Industrializedcountries generate 20% to 30% oftheir energy from coal. Petroleum is derived fromrich organic molecules in the sediments form Itemits sulphur contents and carbon monoxide andfinally leads Acid rain

Carbon Dioxide CarbonDioxide is responsible for 55% of globalwarming Themain sources are fossil fuel burning (77%) anddeforestation (23%) TheTable – 2 shows the National (India) AmbientAir quality standards in Different Places

Table – 2National (India) Ambient Air quality hur Dioxide(SO2)2.3.Concentration in Ambient Air easAnnual average24 Hrs.8012060801530Oxides ofNitrogen (NOx)Annual average24Hrs8012060801530CarbonMonoxide (CO)8 Hrs.1 Hrs.5102412

Environmental Problems in Non-renewableEnergy Resources Dueto industrialization and population growth theincrease in atmospheric Carbon di-oxide alreadypresents nearly a 30% change in the world Thiscould increase the average global temperatureby about 1 -5 C Everyyear the average global surface temperaturerises approximately 0.3 -0.6 C TheNitrogen and sulphur oxides are responsible forabout 35% of acid rain

Environmental Problems in Non-renewableEnergy Resources (cont’d) Thisis mainly emitted from burning of coal andnatural gas leaks, natural gas associated with oilproduction and spillage of petrol Thermalpower plants the coolant water isdischarged into rivers (or) lakes. The water bodysuddenly increases the temperature and losing itsoxygen holding capacity

Existing Available Renewable Resources in India The production of fuel alternatives is projected to increasemore than 2.5 times their current usage levelsThe Table – 3 shows the New and Renewable sources ofenergy potential and cumulative achievement in IndiaTable – 3New and Renewable Sources in IndiaS.No.SourcesPotential (MW)Achievement (MW)45,0001,48,70020,00084,04419,500750020 mw/km22mw/km21.2.WindHydro Power Plant3.Biomass Power4.Solar Panel5.Waste to Energy1,7005006.Tidal Energy15,00010,000

Economical Benefits Problemswith renewable energy sources are nonavailability at a reasonable cost, limited suppliesand lack of cost Effective means for capturing andconcentrating the renewable Energy Theproduction cost of renewable source is reducedby subsidies Thegovernment by introducing subsidies in theform of relaxing duties, taxes and installationcharges, the prices can be drastically reduced and itwill came equal to fossil fuel rates

The Chart Show the Production Rate of Energy1211.0Cost in oPlantNuclearSolar

Conclusion Therenewable sources are cost effective, userfriendly, so that they can easily beat the fossil fuels Bypromoting renewable energy sources we canavoid, Air pollution, soil pollution and waterpollution Country’sEconomy will increase Dueto technological advancement vehicles aremade with improved fuel efficiency and also perfecthybrid vehicle are made Throughoutthe year these sources are availablewithout affecting the Environment

References1.Malkivia – pyh I.G and Pyh Y.A, 2002,Sustainable energy Resources, Technology andPlanning, WIT Press, Boston2.Booth, D.E, 1998, The environmentalconsequences of Growth, London and New York,3.Cline, W.R., 1992, The Economics of globalwarming, Washington D.C4.Gibbons, J.H, et.al, 1989, Strategies for energyuse, vol. 261, PP 136-1435.Time Magazine, August 2005, PP 32-33

References6.Journal of Innovations in Renewable Energy, June2005Vol. 2, PP 24-257.National geographic magazine, August 20058.Popular Mechanics Magazine, September 20059.The Executive Engineer, Tamil Nadu PollutionControl Board, India10.Renewable energy magazine, Ministry of Nonconventional Energy Sources, Government OfIndia, Vol.1, Auguest 2005, PP 17-18

Thank You

Existing Available Renewable Resources in India The production of fuel alternatives is projected to increase more than 2.5 times their current usage levels The Table - 3 shows the New and Renewable sources of energy potential and cumulative achievement in India Table - 3 New and Renewable Sources in India