Course Structure For M. Sc. Geology I SEMESTER
Course Structure for M. Sc. GeologyI SEMESTERSemester I (Compulsory courses)S. N.CourseCourse NameCodeCredits Marks1 Geo.511Igneous & MetamorphicPetrogenesis and Mineralogy41002 Geo.512Stratigraphy and Paleontology41003 Geo.513Structural Geology andGeology of Nepal4100456789SedimentologyPractical of Geo.511Practical of Geo.512Practical of Geo.513Practical of Geo.514Field eo.517Geo.518Geo.519Total1
GEO.511: IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROGENESIS, ANDMINERALOGYSemesterICourse TitleIgneous and Metamorphic Petrogenesis & MineralogyCourse CodeGEO. 511Full Marks100Pass Marks50Nature of the course TheoryCredit4 (60 hrs.)PART A: Igneous and Metamorphic PetrogenesisCourse Description: This course provides the students with the concepts of igneous andmetamorphic petrology. It deals with the igneous and metamorphic rocks, their origin,classification, occurrence, and distribution in space and time.General Objective: To provide in-depth understanding of igneous and metamorphicrocks and their processes of formation and evolution.Specific Objective: To provide the students with in-depth knowledge and practicalskillsof-Magmatism and metamorphism-Geodynamic relations of formation of different types of rocks-Modern methods of study and analysis of igneous and metamorphic rocks.(Total credit 2, FM 50, Teaching hours 30)TitleContentTeachinghoursIgneous PetrologyConceptof First law of thermodynamics and Second law of thermodynamics, 4thermodynamics Gibb’s Free Energy for closed and open systems, chemicalapplied to rocks potential, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, phase rule.Kinetic aspects Formation of crystals in a liquid, crystallization in binary&ternary 4andphase- systems.equilibriaGeneration of basaltic magma, diversification, ascent and 2Generation,emplacement of magmas.diversificationand ascent ofmagmaChemicalPetrologyMajor and Minor Elements: Major and minor elements in the crust, 3variation diagrams, using variation diagrams to model magmaticevolution, Pearce Element Ratios (PER).Trace Elements and Isotopes: Element distribution, models for2
solid-melt processes, batch melting, Rayleigh fractionation, TheRare Earth Elements, spider diagrams, application of traceelements to igneous systems, geochemical criteria fordiscriminating between tectonic environments, isotopes.Layered mafic intrusions, mid-ocean ridge volcanism, oceanic 2Igneousactivitiesand intraplate volcanism, continental flood basalts, subduction-relatedigneous activities (island and continental arcs), granitoid rocks,related rockscontinental alkaline magmatism, anorthosites.Metamorphic PetrologyIntroduction to Limits of metamorphism, metamorphic agents and changes, types 4of metamorphism, progressive nature of metamorphism, types ofmetamorphismprotolith, P-T-t paths, grades and zones. Some case studies ofdifferent types of metamorphisms.Classification of MetamorphicRocks: foliated and lineated rocks, non-foliated and non-lineatedrocks and high-strained rocks.Petrogenesisand Petrofabricof MetamorphicRocksProcesses of deformation, recovery and recrystallization, textures, 4high-strained textures, shear sense indicators, mechanism oftectonite development, gneissose structures and layers, mineralgrowth, analysis of poly-deformed and poly-metamorphosed rocks.Crystallographically controlled inclusions, replacement texturesand reaction rims. Textural geo-chronology. Metamorphicreactions, petrogenetic grids, compositional variations and geothermo-barometry. Structural petrology.Stable Mineral Phase rule in metamorphic system and common chemographic 3diagrams, common metamorphic ication of three types of metamorphism based on P/T ratio, 2Metamorphicfacies and facies Paired metamorphic beltsseriesMetamorphism Metamorphism of ultramafic and mafic rocks, metamorphism of 2ofdifferent pelitic and calcareous rocks.rocks3
Textbooks1. Winter, J. D. (2012). Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology (secondedition),PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi-110001, 702p (original U.S.edition).2. Best M. G. (1986): Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, CBS Delhi, 639. p.3. Hyndman D. W. (1985): Petrology of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks, McGrawHill Inc., 786 p.4. McBirney A. R. (1993): Igneous Petrology, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc.,508 p.5. Miyashiro A. (1994): Metamorphic Petrology, IJCL, 404 p.6. Yardley B. W. D. (1990): An Introduction to Metamorphic Petrology, ELBS, 248p.Reference Books1. Hall, A. (1988): Igneous Petrology, ELBS, 573 p.2. Phillpots, A. R. (1994): Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic PetrologyPrentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 498 p.3. Thorpe, R. S. and Brown, G. C. (1995): The Field Description of Igneous Rocks,John Weiley& Sons, 154 p.4. Carmichael, I. S. E., Turner, F. J., and Verhoogen, J. (1974): Igneous Petrology,McGraw Hill Inc., 739 p.5. Hutchinson (1974): Laboratory Methods in Petrography, John Wiley and Sons,New York, 527 p.6. Winkler H. G. F. (1987): Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks. 5th edition, NarosaPublishing House Delhi, 348 p.4
Part B: Mineralogy(Total credit 2, FM 50, Teaching hours 30)Course Description: This course provides the students with the concepts of mineralogydealing with crystallography, crystal chemistry, optical mineralogy and systematic mineralogy.General Objective: To give in-depth knowledge and understanding of mineral tion.Specific Objectives: To provide the students with in-depth knowledge and practical skills of Mineral identification and classification TitleContentTeachinghoursCrystallographyMineralsas Internal order, Unit cells. Symmetry Operations. 2Symmetry elements without translation. Thirty-twocrystalline solidsPoint Groups.Internal order incrystalsCoordinationionsOne dimensional Order. Two-dimensional Order: 2-D 2space lattices. Symmetry contents of 2-D Point Groups,and Plane Lattices. 2-D Plane Groups. Threedimensional Order: 3-D Lattices: 14-Bravais Lattices.Screw Axes. Glide Planes. Space Groups.Crystal Chemistryof Radius ratio. Coordination principles. Crystal 2structures: Packing of Spheres. Isostructuralism. sm.Substitutional solid solution: Simple and coupled 2in substitutions, Interstitial solid solution, Omission solidsolution, Variation diagrams. Exsolution.Optical MineralogyPolarized light. Isotropic and Anisotropic Crystals.Nature of light2Uniaxialand Uniaxial and biaxial crystals and indicatrices. vibrationbiaxialcrystals directions. Pleochroism. Relative Relief.underplainpolarized lightUniaxialand Extinction, Interference colour, Accessory plates. 2biaxialcrystals Birefringence, and Sign of elongation.between crossedpolarsCompositionalVariationMinerals5
Uniaxial crystalsunder convergentlightBiaxialcrystalsunder convergentlightUniaxial interference figures; determination of optic 2sign of uniaxial crystals.Biaxial interference figures; Determination of opticsign of biaxial crystals using various interferencefigures. Optic axial angle, Apparent optic axial angleand Dispersion in biaxial crystals.Systematic MineralogyNesosilicates (Olivine and Garnet groups). InosilicatesChemical(Pyroxene group)formulae,structures,Inosilicates (Amphibole group). Sorosilicates (Epidotediagnosticgroups). Cyclosilicates (Beryl and Tourmaline groups)propertiesandPhyllosilicates (Clay mineral and Mica groups)occurrencesoffollowing minerals Tectosilicates (SiO2 and Feldspar groups)Calcite and Dolomite groups, Anhydrite and Gypsumgroups.Spinel and Hematite groups. Gem minerals2222222Text Books1. Blackburn, W. H. and William, H. D. (1999): Principles of Mineralogy, Wm. C. BrownPublishers, 413 p.2. Klein, C. and Hurlbut, Jr. (1985): Manual of Mineralogy, John Wiley & Sons, 596 p.3. Tamrakar, N. K. (2011): Practical Mineralogy, Central Department of Geology, 184p.4. Shelley, D. (1985): Optical Mineralogy. Elsevier Science Ltd; 2nd edition. 352p.Reference Books5. Phillips, W. R. and Griffen, D. T. (1986): Optical Mineralogy, The no-opaque mineralsCBS Publisher and Distributaries, Delhi, 677p.6. Zussam, J. (editor) (1977): Physical Methods in Determinative Mineralogy, AcademicPress, 720 p.7. Sands, D.E. (1975): Introduction to Crystallography. Dover Publication Inc., NewYork, 165p.8. Hutchison (1974): Laboratory Methods in Petrography, John Willey & Sons Inc. NewYork.9. Kerr, P. F. (1971) Optical Mineralogy. McGraw-Hill, New York. 492pp6
GEO.512: STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGYSemesterICourse TitleStratigraphy and PaleontologyCourse CodeGEO. 512Full Marks100Pass Marks50Nature of the course TheoryCredit4 (60 hrs.)Course Description:General Objective:Specific Objectives:Part A: Stratigraphy(Total credit 2, FM 50, Teaching hours ratigraphy-Anoverview,sequence 2stratigraphy in context of interdisciplinary research,revolution in sedimentary geology, historicaldevelopment, early stage, control of sedimentation,sequence model, Sequence stratigraphic approach:terminology, concept of scale, sequence stratigraphyvs. lithostratigraphy and allostratigraphy. (2 hrs)Methodsofsequence Facies analysis, concept of depositional system, facies 4and facies model, classifiication of depositionalstratigraphic analysisenvironment, Walther's law, paleocurrent direction,pedology, ichnology, well log, seismic data, agedetermination techniques, workflow of sequencestratigraphic analysis.Accomodationshoreline shiftsStratigraphic Surfacesand allogenic control on sedimentation, significamt, 4signatures and importance of allogenic controls.Sediment suppy and energy flux, sedimentaccommodation, shoreline trajectories.Types of stratal termination, sequence stratigraphic ity, regressive surface of marine erosion,7
maximum regressive surface and maximum floodingsurface, within -trend facies contacts, within-trendnormal regressive, forced regressive and floodingsurfaces.System tractshighstand, falling, lowstand, transgressive and 4regressive system tracts, low-high accommodationtracts, stacking pattern, economic potential.Sequence modelstypes of stratigraphic sequence, depositional sequence, 4genetic stratigraphic sequence, transgression andregression sequence, parasequnce, sequnces in fluvialsystem, fluvial cyclicity controlled b base-levelchanges, fluvial cyclicity independent of base-levelchanges, depositional elements, sequence in carbonatesystem. (4 hrs)Time attributes for the Shoreline shifts, grading, Bathymetry, Method of 4definition of stratigraphic definition of stratigraphic surfaces.surfacesHierarchy of sequences Hierarchy system based on cyclic duration, hierarchy 4system based on the magnitude of base level changes.and sequence boundariesText books1. O. Catuneanu, Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy, 2006 (1st ed.), ElsevierPublication, 387 p.2. D. Emery and K. Myers, Sequence Stratigraphy, 1996 (1st ed.), BlackwellPublication, 305 p.References1. S. Morad, J. M., Ketzer, and L. F. De Ros (eds.), Linking Diagenesis toSequence Stratigraphy, 2012 (1st ed.), Wiley and Sons, 517 p.2. H. W. Posamentier, C. P. Summerhayes, B. U. Haq and G. P. Allen (eds.),Sequence Stratigraphy and Facies association, 1993 (1st ed.), The InternationalAssociation of Sedimentologists, 631 p.8
Part B: Paleontology(Total credit 2, FM 50, Teaching hours 30)TitleContentTeachinghoursIntroductionTypes of fossils, Process of fossilization, Taphonomy and the 6quality of the fossil record, fossil lagerstätten; palaobiogeography,paleoecology and palaeoclimate; Geological time scale. Tracefossils: Morphology, classification and applications.Massextinction: Process and Events, Extinction in the Ice ages.Micropalaeontology: Importance and application of microfossils;Extraction methods in micropalaeontology; Microfossil instratigraphy; Microfossils, stable isotopes and ocean atmospherehistory; Microfossils as thermal metamorphic indicators.Microfossils from the Nepal Himalaya.Inorganicwalledmicrofossils: Foraminifera, Radiolaria, Ostracods, Conodonts, Diatoms, 6Calcareous nannoplankton (Coccolithophores and Discoasters),Ciliophora (Tintinnids and Calpionellids). Silicoflagellates hs, Cladocera, Dinoflagellates, Chitinozoa, Scolecodonts, 6Pollen and Spores.VertebratepalaeontologyVertebrate origin and evolution. Overview of vertebrate 6classification, Evolution of Equidae and Probosidae. Humanevolution, Hominoids from the Indian subcontinent, Neogenevertebrate fossils from the Nepal Himalaya.Plant FossilsEvolution of plants through geological time; Precambrian life, 6Early land plants; fern and fern like plants; Gondwana flora;Flowering plants; leaf morphology; role of palaeobotany in coaland petroleum exploration, palaeoclimate reconstruction usingplant fossils, CoA and NRLs theory; quantification of fossilrecords; Palaeolimnology, Dendrochronology, Archaeobotany andPalaeoethnobotany; Vegetation records from the Nepal Himalayaand their palaeoclimatic implications.Text books:9
1. Benton, M. J., Vertebrate Palaeontology, 2005, (3rd ed.), London: Capman and Hall,470 p.2. Armstrong, H. A. and Brasier, M. D., Microfossils, 2005, (2nd ed.), London: Allen andUnwin, 305 p.3. Stewart, W. and Rothwell, G., Palaeobotany and the Evolution of Plants, 1993,Cambridge University Press, 536 p.4. Adolf Seilacher, Trace Fossil Analysis, 2007, Springer Verlag, 238 p.5. Moore, P. D., Webb, J. A. and Collinson, M. E., Pollen Analysis, 1994 (2nd ed.),Oxford, 216 p.6. Alfred, T., Paleopalynology, 2007 (2nd ed.), Springer, 815 p.7. Taylor, T. N., Taylor, E. N., and Krings, M., Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolutionof Fossil Plants, 2009, Elsevier, 1260 p.10
SemesterCourse TitleCourse CodeFull MarksPass MarksNature of the courseCreditGeo. 513: Structural Geology and Geology of NepalIStructural Geology and Geology of NepalGEO. 51310050Theory4 (60 hrs.)PART A: STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY(Total Credit: 2; Full Marks: 50)Course Description: Structural geology deals with the architecture of the earth’s crustand its componential parts.General Objective: To give in-depth knowledge and understanding of the structure ofthe earth’s crust and its various components.Specific Objective: -To provide the students with in-depth knowledge and practicalskills for the study, analysis, and interpretation of folds, faults, joints, foliation, andlineation.-To provide the concepts of stress and strain.Course uction of structural geology and structural 2analysis, scope of structural geology, primary andsecondary structures,Descriptive and kinematic analysis, homogeneous 2and inhomogeneous deformationPrimary structuresPrimary sedimentary structuressignificance in structural geology.andtheir 2Secondary structuresMorphology,geometry,mechanism of foldclassificationand 2Morphology,geometry,classificationmechanism of faults and shear zonesand 2Concept of shear zone and mylonite112
Morphology,geometry,mechanism of jointsclassificationand 2Morphology,geometry,classificationmechanism of foliation and lineationand 2Superimposed folding Concept, environment and mechanism2StressStress at a point. Stress on a plane. Principal planes 2of stress. Mohr circle. Types of stresses and Mohrcircle configurations for them. Stress in twodimensions.StrainDefinitions. Displacement vector, field, and 2gradient. Homogeneous and inhomogeneousdeformations. Strain indicators. Strain ellipse andreciprocal strain ellipse.LagrangianandEulerianspecifications. 2Homogeneous deformation of straight line. Circleand ellipse. Changes in lengths and orientation oflines in different zones with strain ellipse andcorresponding geological structures.MicrotectonicsConcept of microtectonics and its use in structural 2geologyThin skin tectonicsIntroduction, Ramp and flat, Piggy back and overlap 2sequence, Imbricate fault, duplex, Nappe and klippe,roof thrust and floor thrust, back thrust, blind thrust,out of sequence thrustTextbooks1. Hobbs, B. E., Means, W. D., and Williams, P. F. (1976): An Outline of StructuralGeology,John Wiley and Sons, 571 p.2. Ramsay, J. G. (1967): Folding and Fracturing of Rocks, McGraw Hill Inc., 568 p.3. Passchier, C. W. and Trouw R. A. J. (2003): Micro-tectonics, Springer, 253 p.4. Ramsay, J. G. and Huber, M. I (1983): The Techniques of Modern StructuralGeology, Volume 1: Strain Analysis, Academic Press, 307 p.Reference Books1. Bayly, B. (1991): Mechanics in Structural Geology, Springer-Verlag, 253 p2. Johnson A. M. (1977): Styles of Folding, Elsevier Scientific PublishingCompany, 406 p.12
3. McClay, K. R. (1987): The Mapping of Geological Structures, John Wiley &Sons Inc., 161 p.4. Ragan D. M. (1985): Structural Geology, An Introduction to GeometricalTechniques,3rd edition,John Wiley & Sons Inc., 393 p.5. Means W. D. (1985): Stress and Strain Basic concepts of continuum mechanicsfor geologists, Springer-VerlagNew York, 339 p.6. Davis G. H. and Reynolds S. J. (1996): Structural Geology of rocks and regions,John Wiley & Sons Inc., 776 p.PART B: GEOLOGY OF NEPAL HIMALAYA(Total Credit: 2; Full Marks: 50)Course Description and General Objectives: To provide in depth knowledge onHimalayan Geology and its current understandings.Himalayan geology covers thestratigraphic, tectonic, structural. magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary geological aswell as palaeontological and economic geological aspects of the Himalaya.Specific objectives:To provide the students in-depth knowledge of various stratigraphic sub-divisions of the Himalaya, tectonic and structural set up of the Himalaya and its relation with the adjacentregions comparison and correlation of various rock units fossils as well as economic rocks and minerals of Nepal evolutionary history of the Himalaya.Course palHimalayaContentTeachinghoursBasic definitions: Himalayan Range, Himalayan orogen, and 4Himalayan tectonic system, Relation of the Himalaya with othermountain chains of theregion. Geology of the Peninsular India withspecial reference to Delhis. Vindhiyans, Gondwanas, and saltRange.Major sub-divisions of the Himalaya: Geomorphic and tectonicsub-divisions. Brief account of the Punjab, Kumaun, Nepal, Skkimand Bhutan Himalayas.StratigraphyPrecambrian successions of Higher and Lesser Himalayas, 6Mesozoic successions of Tethys and Lesser Himalayas, Tertiary13
successions of Lesser and Sub-Himalayan zones. Quaternarysuccessions of intermountain basins of Lesser and HigherHimalayas. Correlation of reference sections from Nepal andadjacent countries. Geology of the Terai region.MajorGeologicalStructuresIndus–Tsangpo Suture zone, Himalayan syntaxes, Tethyan 2Himalayan fold-and-thrust belt, Great counter thrust and northHimalayan antiform, South Tibetan Detachment System and othermajor extensional faults, Main Central Thrust, MCT lateral rampand western extension, southward extension of the MCT (LesserHimalayan nappes), relationship between MCT-I and MCT-II. Ageand slip on the STDS and MCT. Out-of-sequence thrusts anduplifts of the Himalaya. Neogene north-trending rifts. Exhumationof the Himalaya.MetamorphismMetamorphism in the Higher Himalaya and the MCT zone, low- 4grade metamorphism in the Lesser and Tethys Himalayas. Invertedmetamorphism and its origin. Thermobarometric andgeochronological data. Models for Himalayan invertedmetamorphism: Kinematic models, thermal models, coupledthermal and mechanical models.MagmatismPrecambrian mafic rocks, Permian basalts, Precambrian granitoids, 2Early Palaeozoic granites, Tertiary granites, geochemical andisotopic characteristics, geochronological data, petrogenesis andtectonic significance of magmatic rocks. Models for CenozoicHimalayan anatexis.Fossil recordsVertebrate strial rocks and minerals, ore mineral deposits, gems and semi- 4precious stones, fossil fuels.SeismotectonicsSeismotectonics of the Himalaya, seismicity in the Nepal 2Himalaya, historic earthquakes, recent microseismicity, activefaults and neotectonic activity,paleoseismicity of the Himalaya,seismic hazard scenario, seismic network of Nepal.invertebratefossils,pollensandother 2Geological evolution of Himalaya during Precambrian, Palaeozoic, 2Geologicalevolution of the Mesozoiec and Cenozoic eras.Nepal Himalaya14
Review of research articles on recent researches in various aspects 2RecentResearches in of the Nepal Himalaya.theNepalHimalayaText Book:1. Dhital, M. R. (2015): Geology of the Nepal Himalaya: Regional Perspective ofthe Classic Collided Orogen. Springer, 498p.2. Gansser, A. (1964): Geology of Himalaya. John Wiley and Sons Inc.3. Valdiya, K. S. (1998): Dynamic Himalaya. University Press, New Delhi.4. Mascle, G., Pecher, A., Guillot, S., Rai, S. M., Gajurel, A. (2013): HimalayaTibet collision. Nepal Geological Society.Reference Books:1. Saklani, P. S. (Ed.). (2007): Himalaya: Geological Aspects, Satish SerialPublishing House, India.2. Yin, A. and Harrison, T. M. (eds.) 1996. The Tectonic Evolution of Asia,Cambridge University Press.3. Shakleton, R. M., Dewey, J. F. and Windley, B. F. (eds.), 1988. Tectonicevolution and Himalaya and Tibet, Cambridge University Press.4. Research articles in various issues of the journal of Nepal Geological Society(NGS), Stratigraphic Association of Nepal (SAN), Bulletin of the Department ofGeology, TU, and other International earth science journals.15
Geo. 514: SedimentologySemesterCourse TitleCourse CodeFull MarksPass MarksNature of the courseCreditISedimentologyGEO. 5145025Theory2 (30 hrs.)Course Description: This course provides the students with sedimentology dealing with originof sediments, transportation and deposition of sediment, and transformation of sediments tosedimentaryrocks.General Objective: To give in-depth knowledge and understanding of genesis, ocks.Specific Objectives: To provide the students with in-depth knowledge and practical skills of Identifying sediments and sedimentary rocks with their description, classification,nomenclature, and origin Analysing composition, texture structure and provenance of sedimentsCOURSE CONTENTSTitleContentTeachinghoursOrigin of SedimentsOriginof Weathering and soil formation. Clastic sediments as 2Terrigenous Clastic chemical and physical weathering products: Rockforming minerals during weathering, Sediment ng.Breakdown products and new formed minerals.Origin of CalciumCarbonate,Evaporites, Silica,Iron-richandPhosphateSedimentsCarbonates as precipitates, biological origin, and non- 2skeletal carbonate grains. Evaporite salts. Silicasediments. Iron-rich sediments. Phosphates. Primaryand microbial-induced sediments.Particles, Pores and Grain size, Distribution and characteristics of grain 2Permeabilitypopulation. Grain shape and form. Mass properties.Pore morphology and origin of primary pores.16
Sedimentary fabrics.Sediment SedimentedSedimentologicalFluid DynamicsFluid basics: Fluid properties, Boundary layer. Stream 2power. Fluid Motion: The Reynolds number, FoudeNumber, Laminar flow, Turbulent flow.Transportof Grains in stationary fluid. Fall velocity. Flocculation. 2SedimentGrains Incipient motion and sediment transport. Bed shearand Sedimentation stress. Annandale’s erobility index.Channel roughness and resistance to flow : Flow 2resistance equations. Flow path of grain motion.Sediment load.Aqueous processes: Sedimentation from traction 2current, and turbidity currents. Eolian Processes:Sedimentation from traction carpet, and imentation, Glacio-lacustrine and glacio-marinesedimentation. Gravitational Processes: Debris flows,Grain flows, Fluidized flows.SedimentaryStructuresBiogenic sedimentary structures, Primary Inorganic 2Sedimentary Structures: Pre-, Syn-, and Postdepositional Sedimentary Structures, MiscellaneousSedimentary Structures. Paleocurrent Analysis.DepositionalSystemsSedimentary Environment: Definition, Environments 2of erosion, equilibrium and deposition, Environmentsclassified. Sedimentary Facies. Concept ofSedimentary Models.Sediment to dimentsof Sandstones: Classification, diagenesis and porosity aryrocks:Components, 2of CarbonateClassification, Limestone diagenesis and porosityevolution. Dolomite diagenesis.Mudrocks: Classification and genesis. Conglomerates 2and Breccias: Classification and genesis.17
AutochthonousSedimentsAuthigenic Sedimentary rocks: Evaporites: Geological 4characteristics, carbonate-anhydrite cycle, economicsignificance. Sedimentary Iron Ores: Dispersal of ironand formation of minerals, Oolitic iron ores, PreCambrian banded Iron Formations. horites. Cherts and siliceous sediments: Beddedand nodular cherts, Non-marine cherts. CarbonaceousRocks: Coals and coal series: Humic and Sapropeliccoals, Coal formation and rank, Environment of coaldeposition.Text Books1. Richard C. Selley, (2000): Applied Sedimentology. Second Edition, Academic Press,543p.2. Leeder, M. (1982): Sedimentology: Process and product. Allen & Unwin, London.344p.3. Leeder, M. (2011): Sedimentology and Sedimentary Basins from Turbulence toTectonics. Wiley-Blackwell Publication. 784p.4. Boggs Jr. S. (2009): Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks. Second Edition. CambridgeUniversity Press. 600p.5. Freidman G. M. and Sanders J. E. (1978): Introduction to Sedimentology, Wiley, NewYork.6. Tucker M. E. (1991): Sedimentary Petrology, An Introduction to the Origin ofSedimentary Rocks. Second edition, Blackwells Oxford, 260 p.7. Tamrakar N. K. (2011): Practical Sedimentology, Bhrikuti Academic Publication,Kathmandu, 232p.Reference Books8. Folk, R.L. (1980): Petrology of Sedimentary Rock. Hemphil Publishing Company,Austin Texas, 184p.9. Reineck H. E. and Singh I. B. (1980): Depositional Sedimentary Environments, 2ndedition, Springer Verlag, 549 p.10. Pettijohn F. J. (1984): Sedimentary Rocks. 3rd edition, CBS Delhi, 628 p.11. Allen J. R. L. (1985): Principles of Physical Sedimentology, Unwin-Hyman, London,272 p.12. Lindholm R. C. (1991): A Practical Approach to Sedimentology, CBS Publishers andDistributors Delhi, 276 p.13. Collinson, J. D. and Thompson, D. B. (1994): Sedimentary Structures, CBS Delhi,207 p.14. Reading H. G. (1986): Sedimentary environment and facies, Blackwells Oxford, 688p.18
Geo.515: Practical of Geo 511SemesterCourse TitleCourse CodeFull MarksPass MarksNature of the courseCreditIPractical of Geo 511Geo. 5155025Practical2 (90 hrs.)PART A: IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROGENESIS(1 credit, 45 hours)Lab 1: Review of igneous rock classification, textures and structures.Lab 2: Calculation of Normative Minerals (NORM) from given chemical composition ofrocks.Lab 3: Study of crystallization of magma in two and three component systems.Lab 4: Preparation of chemical variation diagram and their interpretations.Lab 5: Study of igneous rocks in handspecimens with emphasis on rock formingminerals, texture, structure, genesis and classification.Lab 7: Study of igneous rocks in thin sections with emphasis on rock forming minerals,texture, structure, genesis and classification (Acidic rocks).Lab 8: Study of igneous rocks in thin sections with emphasis on rock forming minerals,texture, structure, genesis and classification (Basic and ultrabasic rocks).Lab 9: Review of metamorphic rock classification, textures and structures.Lab 10: Study of metamorphic rocks in handspecimens with emphasis on mineralassemblages, texture, structure, genesis and metamorphic history.Lab 11: Study of metamorphic rocks in thin sections with emphasis on mineralassemblages, texture, structure, genesis and metamorphic history.Lab 12: Study of metamorphic rocks in thin sections with emphasis on poly-deformedand poly- metamorphosed rocks.Lab 13: Study of pressure-temperature diagrams and interpretation of metamorphicfacies.Lab 14: Preparation of composition-paragenesis diagrams (ACF and AFM diagrams).Lab 15: Learning techniques of preparation of thin sections (oriented and non-orientedsamples).19
Text and Reference Books:1. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology (second edition). John D. Winter,PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi-110001, 2012, p. 702 (original U.S.edition).2. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Myron G. Best, CBS Publisher and Distributors,485, Jain BhawnBholaNath Nagar, Shahdra, Delhi-110032, p. 630 (original U.S.edition).3. The study of rocks in thin sections. W.W. Moorhouse.CBS Publishers andDistributors. Shahdara, Delhi-110 032 (first Indian print in 1985), p. 514. (Originalprint in U.S.).4. Petrography: An introduction to the study of rocks in thin sections. Howel Williams,Francis J. Turner and Charles M. Gilbertj. CBS Publishers and Distributors.Shahdara, Delhi-32, p. 626 (first Indian print in 1985), p. 514. (Original print in NewYork).5. Study of minerals and rocks in thin sections. Lalu P. Paudel; Publisher: Geo-ScienceInnovations (P) Ltd., Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, p. 102 (Original print in Nepal,2011).PART B: MINERALOGY(1 credit, 45 hours)Course Contents:Lab 1: Study of two-dimensional order in crystals: Congruent and enantiomorphic patterns,Plane lattice meshes. Study of symmetry contents of 2-D point groups.Lab 2: Study of 2-D space groups. Study of 3-D order in crystals: Drawing and description ofBravais lattices.Lab 3: Recalculation analysis of mineral formula.Lab 4: Recalculation analysis of mineral formula.Lab 5: Polarising microscope set up and its handling: orthoscopic and conoscopic observationsLab 6: Study of uniaxial minerals under plane polarized light.Lab 7: Study of biaxial minerals under plane polarized light.Lab 8: Study of uniaxial min
3 Geo.513 Structural Geology and Geology of Nepal 4 100 4 Geo.514 Sedimentology 2 50 5 Geo.515 Practical of Geo.511 2 50 6 Geo.516 Practical of Geo.512 2 50 . Cambridge University Press, 536 p. 4. Adolf Seilacher, Trace Fossil Analysis, 2007, Springer Verlag, 238 p. 5. Moore, P. D., Webb, J.
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service i Norge och Finland drivs inom ramen för ett enskilt företag (NRK. 1 och Yleisradio), fin ns det i Sverige tre: Ett för tv (Sveriges Television , SVT ), ett för radio (Sveriges Radio , SR ) och ett för utbildnings program (Sveriges Utbildningsradio, UR, vilket till följd av sin begränsade storlek inte återfinns bland de 25 största
Hotell För hotell anges de tre klasserna A/B, C och D. Det betyder att den "normala" standarden C är acceptabel men att motiven för en högre standard är starka. Ljudklass C motsvarar de tidigare normkraven för hotell, ljudklass A/B motsvarar kraven för moderna hotell med hög standard och ljudklass D kan användas vid
LÄS NOGGRANT FÖLJANDE VILLKOR FÖR APPLE DEVELOPER PROGRAM LICENCE . Apple Developer Program License Agreement Syfte Du vill använda Apple-mjukvara (enligt definitionen nedan) för att utveckla en eller flera Applikationer (enligt definitionen nedan) för Apple-märkta produkter. . Applikationer som utvecklas för iOS-produkter, Apple .
produktionen sker på ett reproducerbart sätt. Alla geler som produceras testas därför för att kontrollera att de upprätthåller den kvalité som krävs för produktion av läkemedel. De biologiska läkemedlen kan sorteras på olika egenskaper och för geler som separerar med
och krav. Maskinerna skriver ut upp till fyra tum breda etiketter med direkt termoteknik och termotransferteknik och är lämpliga för en lång rad användningsområden på vertikala marknader. TD-seriens professionella etikettskrivare för . skrivbordet. Brothers nya avancerade 4-tums etikettskrivare för skrivbordet är effektiva och enkla att
Den kanadensiska språkvetaren Jim Cummins har visat i sin forskning från år 1979 att det kan ta 1 till 3 år för att lära sig ett vardagsspråk och mellan 5 till 7 år för att behärska ett akademiskt språk.4 Han införde två begrepp för att beskriva elevernas språkliga kompetens: BI
