Utility Trailer Owner's Manual
Utility TrailerOwner’s Manual WARNINGThis Owner’s Manual contains safetyinformation and instructions for yourtrailer.You must read this manual before loadingor towing your trailer.You must follow all safety precautions andinstructions.C & M Trailers, Inc.7501 W Ennis AveEnnis, TX 75119Bumper Pull TrailersNovember 20131
Contents1. Introduction. 52. Safety. 62.1 Safety Alert Symbols And Signal Words.62.2 Major Hazards.62.2.1 Improper Sizing Of Trailer To Tow Vehicle. 62.2.2 Driving Too Fast. 62.2.3 Adjust Driving When Towing Trailer. 72.2.4 Trailer Not Properly Coupled To Hitch. 72.2.5 Proper Use Of Safety Chains. 82.2.6 Proper Connection Of Breakaway Brake. 82.2.7 Matching Trailer And Hitch. 82.2.8 Worn Tires, Loose Wheels And Lug Nuts. 82.2.9 Improper Loading . 92.2.10 Unsafe Load Distribution. 102.2.11 Shifting Cargo. 102.2.12 Inappropriate Cargo . 102.2.13 Inoperable Brakes Or Lights.112.2.14 Trailer Modifications.112.2.15 Trailer Towing Guide.112.2.16 Safe Trailer Towing Guidelines. 122.2.17 Safety Warning Labels On Your Trailer. 132.2.18 Reporting Safety Defects. 163. Tire Safety Information. 173.1 Trailer Tire Information.173.2 Steps For Determining Correct Load Limit - Trailer.183.2.1 Trailers 10,000 Pounds GVWR Or Less. 183.2.2 Trailers Over 10,000 Pounds GVWR . 183.3 Steps For Determining Correct Load Limit - Tow Vehicle.193.4 Glossary Of Tire Terminology.193.5 Tire Safety - Everything Rides On It.213.5.1 Safety First- Basic Tire Maintenance. 223.5.2 Finding Your Vehicle’s Recommended Tire Pressure And Load Limits. 223.5.3 Understanding Tire Pressure And Load Limits. 223.5.4 Safety First- Basic Tire Maintenance. 223.5.5 Steps For Maintaining Proper Tire Pressure. 223.5.6 Tire Size. 233.5.7 Tire Tread. 233.5.8 Tire Balance And Wheel Alignment. 233.5.9 Tire Repair. 233.5.10 Tire Fundamentals. 233.5.10.1 Information on Passenger Vehicle Tires. 233.5.10.2 UTQGS Information.243.5.10.3 Additional Information On Light Truck Tires. 243.5.10.4 Tire Safety Tips.252
Contents4. Coupling To Tow Vehicle. 264.1 Tow Vehicle And Hitch.264.1.1 Trailer Information. 264.1.2 Tow Vehicle. 264.2 Coupling And Uncoupling The Trailer.264.3 Couple Trailer To Tow Vehicle.274.3.1 Ball Hitch Coupler. 274.3.1.1 Before Coupling Trailer To Tow Vehicle. 284.3.1.2 Prepare Coupler And Hitch. 284.3.1.3 Couple Trailer To Tow Vehicle. 284.3.2 Trailer With Ring And Pintle Coupler . 294.3.2.1 Before Coupling Trailer To Tow Vehicle. 294.3.2.2 Prepare Ring And Pintle. 294.3.2.3 Couple Trailer To Tow Vehicle. 304.3.3 Connect Safety Chains. 304.3.4 Connect Electrical Cable. 314.3.5 Attach Breakaway Brake Lanyard. 314.3.5.1 Test Electric Brakes. 314.3.5.2 Test Electric Breakaway Brakes. 314.3.5.3 Test Surge Brakes (If Equipped). 324.3.5.4 Test Surge Breakaway System. 334.4 Uncouple Trailer.334.5 Tongue Weight.334.5.1 Checking Tongue Weight. 344.6 Adjust Hitch Height (If Equipped).345. Loading And Unloading. 365.1 Loading Trailer.365.1.1 Preparing Trailer For Loading. 365.1.2 Loading A Rigid Deck Trailer. 365.1.3 Loading A Tilt Deck Trailer. 375.1.3.1 Manual Tilt Trailer. 375.1.3.2 Hydraulic Tilt Trailer. 385.2 Unload Trailer.385.2.1 Unload Manual Tilt Trailer. 385.2.2 Unload Hydraulic Tilt Trailer. 385.3 Hydraulic Components.395.4 Securing Cargo.396. Pre-Tow Checklist. 406.1 Pre-Tow Checklist.406.2 Make Regular Stops.403
7. Breaking In A New Trailer. 417.1 Retighten Lugs At First 10, 25 & 50 Miles.417.2 Adjust Brake At First 200 Miles.417.3 Synchronizing Brake Systems.418. Accessories. 428.1 Accessory Battery.429. Inspection, Service And Maintenance. 439.1 Inspection, Service & Maintenance Summary Charts.439.2 Inspection And Service Instructions.469.2.1 Trailer Structure. 469.2.1.1 Fasteners And Frame Members. 469.2.1.2 Welds. 469.2.2 Trailer Brakes - Electric. 469.2.2.1 Brake Discs, Shoes And Drums. 469.2.2.2 Manually Adjusting Brake Shoes. 479.2.2.3 Electric Brakes. 479.2.2.4 Tow Vehicle Operated Electric Brakes. 479.2.2.5 Electric Brake Magnets. 479.2.3 Trailer Brakes - Surge (If Equipped). 479.2.3.1 Surge Brake Master Cylinder. 479.2.3.2 Hydraulic Surge Brake. 489.2.3.3 Master Cylinder Bleeding. 489.2.4 Trailer Connection To Tow Vehicle. 489.2.4.1 Coupler And Ball. 489.2.4.2 Ring And Pintle. 499.2.5 Landing Leg Or Jack. 499.2.6 Lights And Signals. 499.2.7 Wheel Rims. 499.2.8 Tires. 499.2.9 Wheel Bearings. 509.2.10 Lubrication. 509.2.11 Hydraulic Reservoir. 509.2.12 Lug Nuts Or Bolts. 504
1. IntroductionIntroductionCongratulations on the purchase of your trailer. Webelieve you will be happy and completely satisfied withyour purchase. Our goal is to provide a valued customera quality trailer at a reasonable price.For your safety, read and understand this manualbefore operating your trailer. If there are any questionsabout information in this manual, please consult yourdealer.When calling about your trailer, please have the VINnumber available for the dealer. The VIN number isnormally on the front left side of the trailer.For future reference, please write your VIN number inthe space below:This manual covers the basic trailer. You must read,understand and follow the instructions given by thetrailer manufacturer, tow vehicle and trailer hitchmanufacturers. Keep all manuals provided with yourtrailer in a safe place at all times.Inserts providing information on axles and tire warrantyare provided with this manual. Please keep theseinserts for future reference.5
Safety2. Safety2.1 Safety Alert Symbols And SignalWordsAn Owner’s Manual that provides general trailerinformation cannot cover all of the specific detailsnecessary for the proper combination of every trailer,tow vehicle and hitch. You must read, understand andfollow the instructions given by the tow vehicle andtrailer hitch manufacturers, as well as the instructionsin this manual.Our trailers are built with components produced byvarious manufacturers. Some of these items haveseparate instruction manuals. Where this manualindicates that you should read another manual, andyou do not have that manual, contact your dealer forassistance.The safety information in this manual is denoted by thesafety alert symbol: This symbol means ATTENTION! BECOME ALERT!YOUR SAFETY IS INVOLVED!The level of risk is indicated by the following signalwords: DANGERDANGER - Indicates a hazardous situation,which, if not avoided, WILL result in deathor serious injury. WARNINGWARNING - Indicates a hazardoussituation, which, if not avoided, couldresult in death or serious injury. CAUTIONCAUTION - Indicates a hazardous situation,which, if not avoided, could result in minoror moderate injury.NOTICENOTICE - Indicates a situation that couldresult in damage to the equipment or otherproperty.2.2 Major HazardsLoss of control of the trailer or trailer/tow vehiclecombination can result in death or serious injury. Themost common causes for loss of control of the trailerare: Improper sizing the trailer for the tow vehicle, orvice versa. Excessive Speed: Driving too fast for theconditions. Improper brakingand steering under swayconditions Overloading and/or improper weight distribution. Not keeping lug nuts tight. Failure to adjust driving behavior when towing atrailer. Not maintaining proper tire pressure Improper or mis-coupling of the trailer to the hitch.2.2.1 ImproperSizingOfTrailerToTowVehicleTrailers that weigh too much for the tow vehicle cancause stability problems, which can lead to death orserious injury. The additional strain put on the engineand drive-train may lead to serious tow vehiclemaintenance problems.Do not exceed the maximum towing capacity of yourtow vehicle. The towing capacity of your tow vehicle,in terms of maximum Gross Trailer Weight (GTW) andmaximum Gross Combined Weight Rating (GCWR)can be found in the tow vehicle Owner’s Manual. DANGERUse of an under-rated hitch, ball or towvehicle can result in loss of control leadingto death or serious injury.Make certain your hitch and tow vehicleare rated for your trailer.2.2.2 Driving Too FastWith ideal road conditions, the maximum recommendedspeed for safely towing a trailer is 55 mph. Drivingtoo fast can cause the trailer to sway, thus increasing6
Safetythe possibility for loss of control. Also your tires mayoverheat, increasing the possibility of a blowout. WARNINGDriving too fast for conditions can result inloss of control and cause death or seriousinjury.2.2.4 Trailer Not Properly Coupled To HitchIt is critical that the trailer be securely coupled tothe hitch, and that the safety chains and emergencybreakaway brake lanyard are correctly attached.Uncoupling may result in death or serious injury to youand to others. WARNINGAdjust speed down when towing trailer.2.2.3 Adjust Driving When Towing TrailerProper selection and condition of thecoupler and hitch are essential to safelytowing a trailer.When towing a trailer, you will have decreasedacceleration, increased stopping distance, andincreased turning radius.A loss of coupling may result in death orserious injury.The trailer will change the handling characteristics ofthe tow vehicle, making it more sensitive to steeringinputs and more likely to be pushed around in windyconditions or when being passed by large vehicles. Inaddition, you will need a longer distance to pass, dueto slower acceleration and increased length. With thisin mind: When encountering trailer sway, take your footoff the accelerator, and steer as little as possiblein order to stay on the road. Use small “trim-like”steering adjustments. Do not attempt to steer outof the sway; you’ll only make it worse. Also donot apply the tow vehicle brakes to correct trailerswaying. On the other hand, application of thetrailer brakes alone will tend to straighten out thecombination, especially when going downhill. Check rearview mirrors frequently to observe trailerand traffic. Be aware of trailer height, especially whenapproaching bridges, roofed areas and trees. Be alert for slippery conditions. You are more likelyto be affected by slippery road surfaces whendriving a tow vehicle with a trailer, than driving atow vehicle without a trailer. Anticipate the trailer “swaying.” Swaying can becaused by excessive steering, wind gusts, roadwayedges, or by the trailer reaction to the pressurewave created by passing trucks and busses. Use lower gear when driving down steep or longgrades. Use the engine and transmission as abrake. Do not ride the brakes, as they can overheatand become ineffective.Hitch size must match coupler size.Be sure hitch load rating is equal to orgreater than load rating of the coupler.Be sure hitch components are tight beforecoupling trailer to tow vehicle.Observe hitch for wear, corrosion andcracks before coupling. Replace worn,corroded or cracked hitch componentsbefore coupling trailer to tow vehicle. WARNINGAn improperly coupled trailer can result indeath or serious injury. Do not move thetrailer until: Coupler is secured and locked to hitch.Safety chains are secured to towvehicle.Trailer jack(s) are fully retracted.Trailer brakes are checked.Tires and wheels are checked.Breakaway switch is connected to towvehicle;The trailer lights are connected andchecked.Load is secured to trailer.7
Safety2.2.5 Proper Use Of Safety ChainsSafety chains are provided so that control of the trailercan be maintained if your trailer comes loose from thehitch. WARNING2.2.7 Matching Trailer And Hitch DANGERBe sure hitch and tow vehicle are rated forthe Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)of your trailer.Improper rigging of the safety chains canresult in loss of control of the trailer andtow vehicle, leading to death or seriousinjury, if the trailer uncouples from the towvehicle.Use of a hitch with a load rating less thanthe load rating of the trailer can result inloss of control and may lead to death orserious injury.Cross chains underneath hitch and couplerwith enough slack to permit turning and tohold tongue up, if the trailer comes loose.Use of a tow vehicle with a towing capacityless than the load rating of the trailer canresult in loss of control, and may lead todeath or serious injury.Fasten chains to frame of tow vehicle.2.2.8 Worn Tires, Loose Wheels And Lug NutsDo not fasten chains to any part of thehitch unless the hitch has holes or loopsspecifically for that purpose.Inspect all trailer tires before each tow. If a tire has abald spot, bulge, cut, cracks, or is showing any cords,replace the tire before towing.2.2.6 Proper Connection Of Breakaway BrakeIf equipped with brakes, your trailer will be equippedwith a breakaway brake system that can apply thebrakes on your trailer if your trailer comes loose fromthe hitch. You may have a separate set of instructionsfor the breakaway brake if the trailer is so equipped. Thebreakaway brake system, including battery, must be ingood condition and properly rigged to be effective. WARNINGAn ineffective or inoperative breakawaybrake system can result in a runawaytrailer, leading to death or serious injury ifthe coupler or hitch fails.Breakaway lanyard must be connectedto the tow vehicle, NOT to any part of thehitch.If a tire has uneven tread wear, take the trailer to atrailer service center for diagnosis. Uneven tread wearcan be caused by tire imbalance, axle misalignment orincorrect inflation.Tires with too little tread will not provide adequatefrictional forces on wet roadways and can result in lossof control, leading to death or serious injury.Improper tire pressure causes increased tire wear andmay reduce trailer stability, which can result in a tireblowout or possible loss of control. Therefore, beforeeach tow you must also check the tire pressure.The proper tire pressure is listed on the Certification/ VIN label, normally mounted on the front left side ofthe trailer, and should be checked when tires are cold.Allow 3 hours cool-down after driving as much as 1mile at 40 mph before checking tire pressure.Before towing trailer, test the functionof the breakaway brake system. If thebreakaway brake system is not working,do not tow the trailer. Have it serviced orrepaired.8
Safety WARNINGInflate tires to pressure stated on theCertification / VIN label.Improper tire pressure may cause unstabletrailer. Blowout and loss of control mayoccur. Death or serious injury can result.Make sure of proper tire pressure beforetowing trailer.The tightness of the wheel nuts or bolts is veryimportant in keeping the wheels properly seated to thehub. Before each tow, check to make sure they aretight. WARNINGMetal creep between the wheel rim andwheel nuts or bolts may cause rim toloosen.Death or injury can occur if wheel comesoff.Tighten lug nuts or bolts before each tow.The proper tightness (torque) for wheel nuts or boltsand tightening sequence is listed in the Inspection,Service and Maintenance section of this manual. Usea torque wrench to tighten the lug nuts and use thecrisscross star pattern sequence. Improper tighteningof the lug nuts voids the axle warranty.Wheel nuts or bolts are also prone to loosen afterfirst being assembled. When driving a new trailer (orafter wheels have been remounted), check to makesure they are tight after the first 10, 25 and 50 miles ofdriving and before each tow thereafter.Failure to perform this check can result in a wheelseparating from the trailer and a crash, leading todeath or serious injury. WARNINGWheel nuts or bolts are prone to loosenafter being first assembled. Death orserious injury can result.Check wheel nuts or bolts for tightnesson a new trailer, and after re-mounting awheel at 10, 25 and 50 miles. WARNINGInadequate wheel nut or bolt torque cancause a wheel to separate from the trailer,leading to death or serious injury.Verify wheel nuts or bolts are tight beforeeach tow.2.2.9 Improper LoadingThe total weight of the load you put on the trailer, plusthe empty weight of the trailer itself, must not exceedthe trailer’s Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR).If you do not know the empty weight of the trailer plusthe cargo weight, you must weigh the loaded trailer ata commercial scale. In addition, you must distribute theload in the trailer such that the load on any axle doesnot exceed the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR).If your trailer is equipped with a Tire & LoadingInformation Placard, mounted next to the Certification/ VIN label, the cargo capacity weight stated on thatplacard is only a close estimate. The GVWR and GAWRare listed on the Certification / VIN label normallylocated on the front left side of the trailer. WARNINGAn overloaded trailer can result in failureor loss of control of the trailer, leading todeath or serious injury.Never load a trailer so that the weight onany tire exceeds its rating.Never exceed the trailer Gross VehicleWeight Rating (GVWR) or axle Gross AxleWeight Rating (GAWR).9
Safety2.2.10 Unsafe Load DistributionImproper front / rear load distribution can lead to anunstable trailer or poor tow vehicle handling. Poortrailer stability results from tongue weights that are toolow, and poor tow vehicle stability results from tongueweights that are too high.Refer to the “Loading And Unloading” section for moreinformation.In the following table, the second column shows therule of thumb percentage of total weight of the trailerplus its cargo (Gross Trailer Weight, or “GTW”) thatshould appear on the tongue of the trailer. For example,a large trailer with a loaded weight of 6,000 pounds,should have 10-15% of 6,000 pounds (600-900 lbs.)on the hitch.Tongue Weight as a Percentage of Loaded TrailerWeightType of HitchPercentageBall Hitch or 10-15% for large trailersRing & Pintle6-10% for small trailersThe numbers quoted are for example purposes onlyand should be tailored to the specific trailer.For questions regarding the actual percent of tongueweight for the trailer, check with the manufacturerfor specifics.After loading, be sure to check that none of the axlesare overloaded.Uneven left / right load distribution can cause tire,wheel, axle or structural failure.Be sure your trailer is evenly loaded left / right. Towingstability also depends on keeping the center of gravityas low as possible. WARNINGImproper tongue weight (load distribution)can result in loss of control of the trailer,leading to death or serious injury.Make certain that tongue weight is withinthe allowable range.Be sure to: Distribute the load evenly, right and left. Keep the center of gravity low. Distribute the load front-to-rear to provideproper tongue weight (see chart).2.2.11 Shifting CargoSince the trailer “ride” can be bumpy and rough, youmust secure the cargo so that it does not shift while thetrailer is being towed. WARNINGA shifting load can result in failure, or toloss of control of the trailer, and can leadto death or serious injury.You must tie down all loads with propersized fasteners, chains, straps, etc. toprevent the load from shifting whiletowing.2.2.12 Inappropriate CargoThe trailer may be designed for specific cargo. If yourtrailer is designed for specific cargo, only carry thatcargo in the trailer. A trailer must not be used to carrycertain items, such as people, containers of hazardoussubstances or containers of flammable substances. WARNINGDo not transport people on your trailer.Besides putting their lives at risk, thetransport of people on a trailer is illegal.10
Safety2.2.14 Trailer Modifications WARNINGModification of the trailer structure or alteration of yourtrailer can make the trailer unsafe and will void allwarranty options. Before making any alteration to thetrailer, contact your dealer or the manufacturer anddescribe the alteration you are contemplating.Do not transport flammable, explosive,poisonous or other dangerous materialson your trailer.The exception is fuel in the tank of avehicle or equipment being hauled.2.2.15 Trailer Towing GuideIf your trailer has electric brakes, your tow vehicle willhave an electric brake controller that sends power tothe trailer brakes.Driving a vehicle with a trailer in tow is vastly differentfrom driving the same vehicle without a trailer in tow.Acceleration, maneuverability and braking are alldiminished with a trailer in tow. It takes longer to get upto speed; you need more room to turn and pass, andmore distance to stop when towing a trailer.Before towing the trailer, you must operate the brakecontroller while trying to pull the trailer in order toconfirm that the electric brakes operate. While towingthe trailer at less than 5 mph, manually operate theelectric brake controller in the tow vehicle cab. Youshould feel the operation of the trailer brakes.You will need to spend time adjusting to the differentfeel and maneuverability of the tow vehicle with aloaded trailer. Because of the significant differences inall aspects of maneuverability w
Utility Trailer Owner's Manual WARNING This Owner's Manual contains safety information and instructions for your trailer. You must read this manual before loading or towing your trailer. You must follow all safety precautions and instructions. Bumper Pull Trailers November 2013 C & M Trailers, Inc. 7501 W Ennis Ave Ennis, TX 75119
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