Crushed Fingers Or Hands Machine Guarding
11/4/2019 Introduction Possible machinery-related injuries include: Machine Guarding OSHA 10-hour Outreach Training General Industry 1 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Introduction 1. Identify the main causes of machinery accidents. 2. Recognize basic machinery parts that expose workers to hazards. 3. Recognize workplace situations involving machinery that requires guarding. 4. Identify the requirements for safeguards. 5. Identify types of machine guards including types of devices used to safeguard machines. 3 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Machinery Accidents A good rule to remember is: Any machine part, function, or process which may cause injury must be safeguarded. PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Examples of how machine accidents can occur: Reaching-in to “clear” equipment Not using Lockout/Tagout Unauthorized persons doing maintenance or using the machines Missing or loose machine guards PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 4 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Three fundamental machine areas: Source: OSHA Point of operation Power transmission device Operating controls – mechanical or electric power control Source: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 2 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Basic Machinery Parts and Hazards Amputations: Unguarded/inadequately safeguarded machinery Materials handling activities Activities involving stationary machines Crushed fingers or hands Amputations Burns Blindness Machinery Accidents Lesson objectives: PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 5 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Source: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 6 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 1
11/4/2019 Basic Machinery Parts and Hazards Power transmission device: Point of operation: Parts that transmit energy to the part of the machine performing work Examples Where work is performed on material Examples – – – – Cutting Shaping Boring Forming Source: OSHA DTE PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Basic Machinery Parts and Hazards 7 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Basic Machinery Parts and Hazards – – – – – Flywheels Pulleys Belts Connecting rods Couplings – – – – – Cams Spindles Chains Cranks Gears 8 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Basic Machinery Parts and Hazards Rotating parts with hazardous projections Hazardous motions and actions: Motions – How the machine part moves – Examples: rotating, in-running nip points, reciprocating, and transversing Actions – Operation that the machine part performs – Examples: cutting, punching, shearing, bending Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 9 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Basic Machinery Parts and Hazards 10 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Basic Machinery Parts and Hazards Nip points between rotating elements and parts with longitudinal motions Common nip points on rotating parts Source of graphics: OSHA Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 11 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 12 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 2
11/4/2019 Basic Machinery Parts and Hazards Basic Machinery Parts and Hazards Reciprocating motions: Nip points between rotating machine components – Back-and-forth – Up-and-down Source: OSHA Source of graphics: OSHA 13 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Basic Machinery Parts and Hazards Transverse motion – movement in straight, continuous line Basic Machinery Parts and Hazards Cutting action – may involve rotating, reciprocating, or transverse motion Source of graphics: OSHA Source: OSHA 15 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Basic Machinery Parts and Hazards Punching action – power applied to a slide (ram) for purpose of blanking, drawing, or stamping metal or other materials 16 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Basic Machinery Parts and Hazards Shearing action – applying power to a slide or knife in order to trim or shear metal or other materials. Source: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 14 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Source: OSHA 17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 18 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 3
11/4/2019 Basic Machinery Parts and Hazards Bending action – applying power to draw or stamp metal or other materials Machinery That Requires Guarding Machines that require point of operation guarding: Guillotine cutters Shears Alligator shears Power presses Milling machines Power saws Jointers Portable power tools Forming rolls and calenders Source: OSHA Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 19 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Machinery That Requires Guarding 20 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Machinery That Requires Guarding Abrasive wheel machinery: Exposure of fan blades: – Adjustable tongue guard to within ¼” of wheel – Guard when periphery of blades is less than 7’ above the floor or working level – Work rest with maximum opening of 1/8” – Guards with openings no larger than ½” – Cover spindle end, nut, flange projections Source of graphics: OSHA Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 21 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Machinery That Requires Guarding Revolving barrels, containers, and drums: Guard by an enclosure which is interlocked with drive mechanism Guards with openings no larger than ½” 22 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Machinery That Requires Guarding Power-transmission apparatus: Unguarded belt and pulley Shafting, flywheels, pulleys, belts, chain drives, etc. Less than 7 feet from the floor or working platform must be guarded Source: OSHA Source: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 23 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 24 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 4
11/4/2019 Machinery That Requires Guarding Machinery associated with amputations – examples: 1. Mechanical power presses 2. Power press breaks 3. Powered and nonpowered conveyors 4. Printing presses 5. Roll-forming and roll-bending machines 7. Food slicers 8. Meat grinders 9. Meat-cutting band saws 10. Drill presses 11. Milling machines 12. Grinding machines 13. Slitters 6. Shearing machines Requirements for Safeguards Safeguards must meet these minimum general requirements: Prevent contact Be secured Protect from falling objects Create no new hazards Create no interference Allow safe lubrication Source: OSHA Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 25 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Types of Machine Safe Guards Safeguarding machinery: – Probe detection and safety edge devices – Awareness devices – Safeguarding methods – Guards – Devices Ensure employee protection – Properly designed, constructed, and installed – Used and maintained in good operating condition 27 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Types of Machine Safe Guards Safe distance Safe holding Safe opening – Safe work practices Safe work procedures Complementary equipment 28 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Types of Machine Safe Guards Fixed guard: Guards: Provides a barrier Permanent part of the machine, preferable to all other types of guards. Preferable to other control methods Provide physical barrier that prevents contact with dangerous machine parts Four general types – – – – Types of Machine Safe Guards Secondary methods Primary methods PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 26 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Fixed Interlocked Adjustable Self-adjusting Source: OSHA Source of photos: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 29 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 30 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 5
11/4/2019 Types of Machine Safe Guards Types of Machine Safe Guards Interlocked guards: Adjustable guards: Shuts off or disengages power, stops moving parts, and prevents starting of machine when guard is open May use electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic power, or combination Shuts off or disengages power Stops moving parts Prevents starting of machine when guard is open Source: OSHA Source: OSHA 31 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Types of Machine Safe Guards Self-adjusting guards: Openings of barriers determined by movement of the stock Places barrier between danger area and operator 32 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Types of Machine Safe Guards Devices: Controls or attachments that prevent inadvertent access by employees to hazardous machine areas Examples – Presence sensing Photoelectric Radiofrequency Electromechanical – Pullback – Restraint – – – – Safety trip controls Two-hand control Two-hand trip Gate Source: OSHA 33 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Types of Machine Safe Guards Presence-sensing devices: PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 34 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Types of Machine Safe Guards Pullback devices: Photoelectric Radiofrequency Electromechanical Utilize a series of cables attached to operator Automatically withdraws hands from point of operation when slide/ram begins to descend Source: OSHA Source: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 35 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 36 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 6
11/4/2019 Types of Machine Safe Guards Types of Machine Safe Guards Restraint devices: Source: OSHA Hands in die, feeding Point of operation exposed Pullback device attached and properly adjusted Source: OSHA Die closed Hands withdrawn from point of operation by pullback device Utilize cables/straps attached to operator’s hands and a fixed point No extending/retracting action involved Hand-feeding tools may be necessary Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 37 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 38 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Types of Machine Safe Guards Types of Machine Safe Guards Safety trip controls: Two-hand controls: Deactivates the machine in an emergency situation Examples Deactivates the machine in an emergency situation Pressure-sensitive Positioning is critical; must stop machine before body reaches danger area – Pressure-sensitive bar – Safety tripod – Safety tripwire Positioning is critical; must stop machine before body reaches danger area Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 39 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Source of graphics: OSHA 40 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Types of Machine Safe Guards Types of Machine Safe Guards Gate devices: Gate devices: Moveable barrier that protects operator at point of operation before machine cycle can be started Must be interlocked so machine cannot begin cycle unless gate guard is in place Must be closed before machine can function Types Moveable barrier that protects operator at point of operation before machine cycle can be started Must be interlocked so machine cannot begin cycle unless gate guard is in place Must be closed before machine can function – “A” Gate – “B” Gate Gate Open Gate Closed Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 41 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 42 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 7
11/4/2019 Types of Machine Safe Guards Additional Safeguarding Location/distance: Type “A” Gate Operation Type “B” Gate Operation The dangerous moving part of a machine must be so positioned that those areas are not accessible or do not present a hazard Feeding process safeguarded by maintaining safe distance to protect worker Operator’s controls located safe distance from machine Source: OSHA Source of graphics: OSHA 43 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Additional Safeguarding Feeding and ejection methods: Automatic/ semi-automatic feed Automatic/ semi-automatic ejection Robots Transparent Enclosure Guard Stock Feed Roll Additional Safeguarding Miscellaneous aids: Awareness barriers Protective shields Hand-feeding tools Completed Work Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Source of graphics: OSHA 45 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Identify the Hazard Unguarded lower blade and arbor end of radial saw. PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 44 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 47 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 46 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Identify the Hazard Guard removed from chain rail exposing pins on the spiked chain and sprocket mechanism. PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 48 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 8
11/4/2019 Summary Knowledge Check Safeguards are essential for protecting workers from needless and preventable machinery-related injuries The point of operation, as well as all parts of the machine that move while the machine is working, must be safeguarded A good rule to remember is: Any machine part, function, or process which may cause injury must be safeguarded PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 49 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 1. All machines consist of three fundamental areas, including . a. Flywheels, connecting rods, and transverse moving parts b. Point of operation, power transmission device, and operating controls c. Reciprocating parts, rotating parts, and on/off switch d. Feed mechanisms, auxiliary machine parts, and nip points Answer: b. point of operation, power transmission device, and operating controls PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Knowledge Check 2. Rotating, in-running nip points, reciprocating, and transversing are types of hazardous . a. b. c. d. motions actions guards devices Knowledge Check 3. Cutting, punching, shearing, and bending are types of hazardous . a. b. c. d. Answer: a. motions PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 motions actions guards devices Answer: b. actions 51 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 Knowledge Check 4. Which of the following explains how a guard protects workers? a. Stops the machine when a worker enters the danger area b. Restrains the worker from entering the danger area c. Creates distance to keep the worker from entering the danger area d. Provides a barrier to prevent access to the danger area Answer: d. Provides a barrier to prevent access to the danger area PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 50 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 53 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 52 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Knowledge Check 5. Which of the following is an example of a safeguarding device? a. b. c. d. Protective shield Hand-feeding tool Safety trip control Awareness barrier Answer: c. Safety trip control PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 54 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 9
Source: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry -Machine Guarding v.03.01.17 32 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup Types of Machine Safe Guards Adjustable guards: Shuts off or disengages power Stops moving parts Prevents starting of machine when guard is open Source: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry -Machine Guarding v.03.01 .
supplied as Plant Mixed Wet-Mix Crushed Rock if specified in Clause 812.05(c). Source rock types from which crushed rock base and subbase can be produced are specified in Section 801 - Source Rock for the Production of Crushed Rock and Aggregates. Requirements for crushed pyroclastic rocks (Scoria) are covered in Section 818 - Crushed Scoria
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Introduce control measures through effective machine guarding principles and methods. Welcome Crushed hands and arms, severed fingers, blindness -- the list of possible machinery-related injuries is as long as it is horrifying. There seem to be as many hazards created by moving machine parts as there are types of machines.
Subpart O Machine Guarding Introduction Crushed hands and arms, severed fingers, blindness - the list of possible machinery-related injuries is as long as it is horrifying. Safeguards are essential for protecting workers from needless and preventable injuries. A good rule to remember is: Any machine part, function, or
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