Middle Ages Reading Assignments
Shannon McGregor, Women Writers (LIT 190), Middle Ages Section 1Middle Ages Reading AssignmentsIn this section, students will learn literary terms. Review the terms in Dr. Wheeler’sLiterary Vocabulary site (http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit terms.html), and write definitions withthe terms below.oral tradition:lyric poem:fable:folk tale:alliteration: assonance: consonance:plot: Exposition/commencement: where the protagonist, his or her flaws, backgroundinformation, setting, and potentially foreshadowing to the conflict and the antagonist areintroducedRising action: where characters are developed thoroughly, the antagonist reveals his orher intentions for conflict and foreshadowing are offered, and the protagonist's ability toovercome the flaw/tragic end because of the flaw is revealedClimax: the highest point of conflict--where the protagonist and antagonist's clashproduces a result of the protagonist overcoming the flaw or ending in tragedy--the climaxis defined with the protagonist's issue,not the antagonist'sDeclining action: the tension in theconflict lessens and the protagonist'send is coming to a closeResolution/Denouement: the centralconflict is resolved and theprotagonist's fate for the conflict isfinal
Shannon McGregor, Women Writers (LIT 190), Middle Ages Section 2character: protagonist: antagonist: major: minor: dynamic: static: flat: round:symbol: literal definition: figurative definition:rhyme scheme:blank verse:free verse:couplet:
Shannon McGregor, Women Writers (LIT 190), Middle Ages Section 3heroic couplet:quatrains:sestets:octets:stanzas:poetic transitions:Furthermore, think of it similarly to transitions in composition and usually occur with orbetween lines, couplets, quatrains, sestets, octets, or stanzas.rhythm:syllable: stressed syllable /meter:unstressed r:anapest :dactyl:iamb:pyrrhic:spondee:trochee:
Shannon McGregor, Women Writers (LIT 190), Middle Ages Section 4Middle Ages Historical Background Notes (Abrams)Medieval English Period (500 A.D. to 1500 A.D.) Dark Ages mistakenly believed that no learning takes place time of law and order for what will become Great Britain ChristianityOld English Period (500 A.D. to 1100 A.D.) begins with Anglo-Saxon Period (500 A.D. through the 8th Century, or 799 A.D.). many invasions of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes in 500 A.D. Germanic tribes, same tribes from whom the Romans constantly protected their empire King Arthur led resistance to the Anglo-Saxon leaders during this time: Arthur lost and fled to thewestern-most part of Wales and, eventually, to a portion of France known as Brittany, which is wherethe tales of King Arthur originated and it could also solidify and add value to the French connectionwhen the Normans conquer the Vikings in 1066. 597 A.D. St. Augustine converts the Anglo-Saxons to Christianityo oral traditiono literate fewo Beowulf, pagan oral tradition, written or recorded in the 700s after St. Augustine’s conversion byscribes who were Christian, holds epic war and gore scenes common to tales told for generationsby bards.856 A.D. Viking Invasion of Englando 870, Vikings obtained all the kingdom except Wessex, which was owned by King Alfredo 878, King Alfred defeated the Vikings and negotiated the Treaty of Wedmore Vikings were to accept Christianity Kingdom divided into two separate halves, Dane law in the northern portions of theisland and English law in the southern portions. Alfred ordered all Anglo-Saxon literature to be written down by scribes in order topreserve the Old English literature.Middle English Period or Norman Period (1066 A.D. to 1500 A.D.). 1066, William the Conqueror of Normandy defeated the English at the Battle of Hastingso Feudalism, barons, and servants (villains or slaves)o English language expands: monosyllable words or parts of words formed the Anglo-Saxonlanguage fused with new French- and Latin-based words (baron, villain, and literature) 1070 to 1100, Cathedral building 1215, Signing of the Magna Carta 1348-9, the Black Death, millions died (if there were a God that he could create something as terrible asa plague to kill so many loved ones). Death was the concern, not heaven. 1381, Peasant’s Revolt 1337-1453, Hundred Years War with France 1375 and 1400, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 1485, Everyman--allegory written to restore belief in God 1440, Gutenberg invented the printing press 1453, Fall of Constantinopleo Humanism
AssignmentsShannon McGregor, Women Writers (LIT 190), Middle Ages Section 5For each of the assignments below, students must read the material indicated and answer one of thequestions below the reading assignment to complete a journal entry. The questions are offered to help usconduct classroom discussion and guide the questions on the midterm and final exams. The due dates arelocated to the left of the assignment. When asked questions about literary terms, meter, rhyme, or critique, theyhave specific answers that students will find in the Gilbert and Gubar texts or at the Dr. Wheeler site. However,the application of the definition can often have many interpretations. In other words, I do not always have a predefined answer in my head, so students should write and apply what they see, returning to the journal entry aterclass and updating the end of the entry for accuracy. The original journal entry should not be deleted orrewritten. I would love to see your learning. Relax, explore, ask, research, discuss, and enjoy the learning. Thenature of literary study is to be open to multiple interpretations and conducted with much thought andelaboration. That is how new information is learned.1/15: Log into Turnitin, using the instructions in the syllabus for assistance.1/15: Read the Middles Ages history (Gilbert and Gubar, Vol. 1, 1-17): Write answers to each of the followingquestions in your journal.A. Describe what you believe to be the most important commentary regarding the status and needs ofwomen during the Middle Ages--not the Renaissance.B. What is the nature of women, according to well-known writers?C. What models are the most significant to define the nature and role of women?D. What occupations did women have during these time periods? How did their positions change?E. What were women's rights during the Middle Ages? How did their rights change? Did any of the lawsreflected in the history above or Gilbert and Gubar's historical description show a change the rights ofwomen?F. What is(are) the subject(s) of the writings of women of the Middle Ages?1/15: Read Gilbert and Gubar's biographical information about Marie de France (17) and her lai Bisclavret (1824). Record a journal entry from one of the questions below, which will be assigned in class:A. The style in which Marie de France writes is called a lai, or in plural lais. Look up the term in theLiterary Reference Center Plus and describe how Bisclavret is considered a lai. Include the purpose ofthe story and the purpose of writing the story as a lai.B. What are the rhythm, meter, and rhyme (rhyme scheme) in the poem? These answers can be found inDr. Wheeler site and in the chapter readings on poetry as well as in the reference databases in thelibrary.C. Based upon the descriptions of lyric poem, fable, and folk tale at the Dr. Wheeler site, which would youconsider Bisclavret? Define all three and describe how Bisclavret does or does not meet those qualities.D. Use the Dr. Wheeler site to define “oral tradition.” Identify parts in Bisclavret that appear to be part ofthe oral tradition and describe how they are.E. Name one theme that pervades Bisclavret and describe its importance. Remember to use evidence fromthe text to support the answer, and cite lines (l. ##) rather than pages.1/20: Read Gilbert and Gubar's introduction to Julian of Norwich (37) to learn more about her, and read theexcerpts from A Book of Showings to the Anchoress Julian of Norwich (38-45). Scholars evaluate potentiallycanonical works based upon 1) form, 2) function, and 3) value (how does the work add impact).A. A Book of Showings is an example of non-fiction in prose form. Why is prose appropriate, whereaspoetic form would be inappropriate? What is the purpose and function of A Book of Showings? Describe.B. Symbols are present throughout Norwich's work. Trace one symbol throughout the work, defining theterm literally and figuratively as well as showing how the symbol remains static or changes throughoutthe piece.
Shannon McGregor, Women Writers (LIT 190), Middle Ages Section 6C. In relation to value, discuss one point that comes through Norwich's religious writing that you have notpreviously seen or heard in other pieces of religious writings. What makes her point important towomen's studies? Why?1/20: Read Gilbert and Gubar's introduction to Margery Kempe (45-6) and the excerpts from The Book ofMargery Kempe (47-59).A. The Book of Margery Kempe is an example of non-fiction in prose form. Why is prose appropriate,whereas poetic form would be inappropriate? What is the purpose and function of The Book of MargeryKempe? Describe.B. In relation to value, discuss one point that comes through Kempe's religious writing that you have notpreviously seen or heard in other pieces of religious writings. What makes her point important towomen's studies? Why?C. Compare and contrast her works to the works of Julian of Norwich. What is the focus? What degrees ofholiness do you find? Which woman do you think is the more devout? What did others think of thewomen, and why would this opinion matter then and now?1/22: Read Gilbert and Gubar's introduction to Juliana Berners (60) as well as her poems from The Book of St.Albans (60-2).A. Recalling above that form, function, and value are the primary concerns literary scholars have whenevaluating potentially canonical texts, look up the meaning of advice poetry, occasional poetry, andinstructive or instructional poetry in Literary Reference Center Plus. Select one of Berners' poems todemonstrate how it models those characteristics.B. What is the form of the lines of Berners' poetry? Use the definitions and types of rhythm, meter, andrhyme to define and support the answer.C. In Berners' poem "Hunting Terminology" in the Beasts of Venery stanza, why does she mentionTristram? Who is he, and what is his significance to the material? Students can locate the answers bysearching for Berners, Juliana or Juliana Berners, "Hunting Terminology" or Beasts of Venery, andTristram in the library databases or from a reliable resource on the Internet (not Answers.com,Wikipedia, or SparkesNotes.com, or other random sites but literary program-supported sites).D. What does her writing reveal that the others' pieces do not? What would make a scholar want to makesure that Berners' works are included in an anthology? Is this an example of verse or poetry.1/22: Read Gilbert and Gubar's introduction to Anne Askew (62) as well as her poem “The Ballad Which AnneAskew Made and Sang when She Was in Newgate” (63-4).A. What is the form of the lines of Askew’s poetry? Use the definitions and types of rhythm, meter, andrhyme as well as the definition of ballad to define and support the answer.B. What is a ballad? Why did she choose to write this style? Is it appropriate for her message? Why or whynot?Works CitedAbrams, M. H. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 6th ed., Vol. 1. New York: Norton, 1993. Print.Askew, Anne. “The Ballad Which Anne Askew Made and Sang When She Was in Newgate.” 1546. Gilbert andGubar 62-4.Berners, Juliana. Excerpts from The Book of St. Albans. 1486. Gilbert and Gubar 60-2.Gilbert, Sandra M., and Susan Gubar (eds.). The Norton Anthology of Literature by Women: The Traditions inEnglish. 3rd ed. Vol.1. New York: Norton, 2007. Print.Julian of Norwich. Excerpt from A Book of Showings to the Anchoress Julian of Norwich. 1390. Gilbert andGubar 37-45.Kempe, Margery. Excerpts from The Book of Margery Kempe. 1436-8. Gilbert and Gubar 47-59.Marie de France. Bisclavret. 1170. Trans. Dorothy Gilbert. Gilbert and Gubar 18-24.
Shannon McGregor, Women Writers (LIT 190), Middle Ages Section 4 Middle Ages Historical Background Notes (Abrams) Medieval English Period (500 A.D. to 1500 A.D.) Dark Ages mistakenly believed that no learning takes place time of law and order for what will become Great Britain Christianity Old English Period (500 A.D. to 1100 A.D.) beg
Middle Ages Dorothy Mills Edited by Memoria Press. www.MemoriaPress.com The Book of T he Middle Ages dorothy Mills edited by Memoria Press isBN 978-1-5477-0239-8 . Middle Ages Timeline . 393 Bibliography 8. Part i The early Middle Ages 9. CHAPTER 1 The Foundations of the Middle Ages In A.D. 476 Rome fell, the Western Empire came to an end
Middle Ages Dorothy Mills Edited by Memoria Press. www.MemoriaPress.com Th E Book of ThE Middl E Ag Es dorothy Mills Edited by Memoria Press isBN 978-1-61538-114-2 . Middle Ages Timeline . 379 10. chapter one The Foundations of the Middle Ages In A.D. 476 Rome fell, the Western Empire came to an end, .
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