Elementary Education: Content Knowledge Study Companion
The Praxis Study CompanionElementary Education:Content Knowledge5018www.ets.org/praxis
Welcome to the Praxis Study CompanionWelcome to The Praxis Study CompanionPrepare to Show What You KnowYou have been working to acquire the knowledge and skills you need for your teaching career. Now you areready to demonstrate your abilities by taking a Praxis test.Using the Praxis Study Companion is a smart way to prepare for the test so you can do your best on test day.This guide can help keep you on track and make the most efficient use of your study time.The Study Companion contains practical information and helpful tools, including: An overview of the Praxis tests Specific information on the Praxis test you are taking A template study plan Study topics Practice questions and explanations of correct answers Test-taking tips and strategies Frequently asked questions Links to more detailed informationSo where should you start? Begin by reviewing this guide in its entirety and note those sections that you needto revisit. Then you can create your own personalized study plan and schedule based on your individual needsand how much time you have before test day.Keep in mind that study habits are individual. There are many different ways to successfully prepare for yourtest. Some people study better on their own, while others prefer a group dynamic. You may have more energyearly in the day, but another test taker may concentrate better in the evening. So use this guide to develop theapproach that works best for you.Your teaching career begins with preparation. Good luck!Know What to ExpectWhich tests should I take?Each state or agency that uses the Praxis tests sets its own requirements for which test or tests you must take forthe teaching area you wish to pursue.Before you register for a test, confirm your state or agency’s testing requirements at www.ets.org/praxis/states.How are the Praxis tests given?Praxis tests are given on computer. Other formats are available for test takers approved for accommodations (seepage 55).The Praxis Study Companion2
Welcome to the Praxis Study CompanionWhat should I expect when taking the test on computer?When taking the test on computer, you can expect to be asked to provide proper identification at the testcenter. Once admitted, you will be given the opportunity to learn how the computer interface works (how toanswer questions, how to skip questions, how to go back to questions you skipped, etc.) before the testing timebegins. Watch the What to Expect on Test Day video to see what the experience is like.Where and when are the Praxis tests offered?You can select the test center that is most convenient for you. The Praxis tests are administered through aninternational network of test centers, which includes Prometric Testing Centers, some universities, and otherlocations throughout the world.Testing schedules may differ, so see the Praxis web site for more detailed test registration information at www.ets.org/praxis/register.The Praxis Study Companion3
Table of ContentsTable of ContentsThe Praxis Study Companion guides you through the steps to success1. Learn About Your Test.5Learn about the specific test you will be taking2. F amiliarize Yourself with Test Questions. 16Become comfortable with the types of questions you’ll find on the Praxis tests3. Practice with Sample Test Questions. 20Answer practice questions and find explanations for correct answers4. Determine Your Strategy for Success. 29Set clear goals and deadlines so your test preparation is focused and efficient5. Develop Your Study Plan. 32Develop a personalized study plan and schedule6. Review Study Topics. 36Detailed study topics with questions for discussion7. Review Smart Tips for Success. 53Follow test-taking tips developed by experts8. Check on Testing Accommodations. 55See if you qualify for accommodations to take the Praxis test9. Do Your Best on Test Day. 56Get ready for test day so you will be calm and confident10. Understand Your Scores. 58Understand how tests are scored and how to interpret your test scoresAppendix: Other Questions You May Have . 60The Praxis Study Companion4
Step 1: Learn About Your Test1. Learn About Your TestLearn about the specific test you will be takingElementary Education: Content Knowledge (5018)Test at a GlanceTest NameElementary Education: Content KnowledgeTest Code5018Time150 minutesNumber of Questions140FormatSelected-response and numeric-entry questions, scientific calculator providedTest DeliveryComputer deliveredContent CategoriesApproximateNumber ofQuestionsApproximatePercentage ofExaminationI.Reading and Language Arts4935%II.Mathematics4129%III. Social Studies2518%IV. Science2518%IVIIIIIIAbout This TestThe Elementary Education: Content Knowledge test is designed for candidates who are preparing to enterthe field of elementary education. The test measures the knowledge, skills, and abilities judged by a nationaladvisory committee and a survey of education experts to be necessary for safe and effective practice. Test takersare typically completing an undergraduate degree program in elementary education or have a degree in acontent area and are seeking an additional endorsement.The 140 test questions focus on knowledge in four major content areas: reading and language arts,mathematics, social studies, and science. Test takers are asked to show their knowledge of the topics coveredon the test in multiple ways using various types of responses: conceptual understanding, procedural awareness,interpretation, integration, and application. The test is aligned with the Common Core State Standards forEnglish Language Arts and Mathematics, as well as Social Studies content standards. The development of thescience test questions reflect the National Science Education Standards (NSES) and the National Science TeacherAssociation (NSTA) standards.An on-screen scientific calculator is provided for the computer-delivered test. Please consult the PraxisCalculator Use web page for further information. You are expected to know how and when to use the scientificcalculator since it will be helpful for some questions. You are expected to become familiar with its functionalitybefore taking the test. To practice using the calculator, download the 30-day trial version and view tutorialson how to use it. The calculator may be used to perform calculations, such as exponents, roots, and percents.This test may contain some questions that will not count toward your score.The Praxis Study Companion5
Step 1: Learn About Your TestTest SpecificationsTest specifications in this chapter describe the knowledge and skills measured by the test. Study topics to helpyou prepare to answer test questions can be found in page 36.I. Reading and Language ArtsA.Reading: Foundational Skills1. Understands the role of phonologicalawareness in literacy developmenta. Explains the importance of phonologicalawareness as a foundational skill for literacydevelopmentb. Identifies and provides examples ofphonemes, syllables, onsets, and rimesc. Identifies and provides examples ofblending, segmenting, substituting, anddeleting phonemes, syllables, onsets, rimes2. Understands the role of phonics and wordanalysis in literacy developmenta. Explains the importance of phonics andword analysis in literacy developmentb. Distinguishes among common letter-soundcorrespondences and spelling conventionsc. Distinguishes high-frequency sight wordsfrom decodable words appropriate forparticular gradesd. Identifies roots and affixes to decodeunfamiliar wordse. Recognizes various stages of languageacquisition (e.g., WIDA taxonomy)f. Delineates common phonics and wordrecognition approaches for ELLs (pedagogy)g. Differentiates syllabication patterns (e.g.,open, closed, CVe)3. Understands the role of fluency (e.g., rate,accuracy) in literacy developmenta. Defines fluency and related terms (e.g.,accuracy, rate, prosody)b. Explains the impact of fluency oncomprehensionB.Reading: Literature and Informational Text1. Understands how to use key ideas and detailsto comprehend literature and informational texta. Identifies the key details, moral, and/ortheme of a literary text, citing specific textualevidenceb. Identifies the key details and/or central ideaof an informational text, citing specifictextual evidencec. Makes inferences from a text and supportsthem with appropriate evidenced. Summarizes information from a texte. Analyzes the characters, setting, and plot ofa literary textf. Analyzes the relationships amongindividuals, events, ideas, and concepts in aninformational text2. Understands how features and structures of textacross genres affect comprehensiona. Identifies structural elements of literatureacross genres (e.g., casts of characters andstage directions in drama, rhyme and meterin poetry)b. Uses text features (e.g., headings, sidebars,hyperlinks) to locate information in a print ordigital informational textc. Identifies organizational structures ofinformational text (e.g., cause/effect,problem/solution)d. Identifies how structural elementscontribute to the development of a literarytext as a whole3. Understands the concept of point of view usingevidence from the texta. Identifies author’s point of view in variousgenres and supports conclusions withevidence from the textb. Compares multiple accounts of the sameevent or topic to identify similarities ordifferences in point of viewc. Identifies how point of view impacts theoverall structure of a literary or informationaltextThe Praxis Study Companion6
Step 1: Learn About Your Test4. Understands how to integrate and comparewritten, visual, and oral information from textsand multimedia sourcesd. Writes clearly and coherentlye. Identifies the interrelationships amongplanning, revising, and editing in the processof writinga. Explains how visual and oral elementsenhance the meaning and effect of a literarytext (e.g., picture book, graphic novel,multimedia presentation of a folktale)3. Knows the developmental stages of writing(e.g., picture, scribble)a. Identifies the grade-appropriate continuumof student writingb. Compares the written version of a literarytext with an oral, staged, or filmed version4. Knows the importance of digital tools forproducing and publishing writing and forinteracting with othersc. Compares two or more literary texts thataddress the same themed. Compares two or more informational textsthat address the same topica. Identifies the characteristics and purposes ofa variety of digital tools for producing andpublishing writinge. Interprets visual and multimedia elements inliterary and informational textsb. Identifies the purposes of a variety of digitaltools for interacting with othersf. Evaluates key claims in a text and supportsthem with reasons and evidence from thetext5. Knows the research processa. Identifies the steps in the research process5. Knows the role of text complexity in readingdevelopmentb. Distinguishes between primary andsecondary sources and their usesa. Explains the three factors (i.e., quantitative,qualitative, and reader and task) thatmeasure text complexityc. Distinguishes between reliable andunreliable sourcesd. Distinguishes between paraphrasing andplagiarizingb. Identifies features of text-leveling systemsC.Writinge. Knows how to locate credible print anddigital sources, locate information within thesources, and cite the sources1. Understands the characteristics of commontypes of writinga. Distinguishes among common types ofwriting (e.g., opinion/argument, informative/explanatory, narrative)b. Identifies the purpose, key components, andsubgenres (e.g., speeches, advertisements,narrative poems) of each common type ofwritingc. Evaluates the effectiveness of writingsamples of each type2. Understands the characteristics of effectivewritinga. Evaluates the appropriateness of a particularpiece of writing for a specific task, purpose,and audienceb. Evaluates the development, organization, orstyle of a piece of writingc. Identifies appropriate revisions to strengthena piece of writingD.Language1. Knows the conventions of standard Englishgrammar, usage, mechanics, and spelling whenwriting, speaking, reading, and listeninga. Explains the function of different parts ofspeechb. Corrects errors in usage, mechanics, andspellingc. Identifies examples of different sentencetypes (e.g., simple, compound, compoundcomplex)d. Identify how varieties of English (e.g.,dialects, registers) used in stories, dramas, orpoems support the overall meaning2. Understands how to determine the meaning ofwords and phrasesa. Determines the literal meaning of unknownwords and phrases from context, syntax,and/or knowledge of roots and affixesb. Identifies types of figurative languageThe Praxis Study Companion7
Step 1: Learn About Your Testc. Interprets figurative languaged. Analyzes the relationship between wordchoice and tone in a text3. Understands characteristics of conversational,academic, and domain-specific languagea. Differentiates among the three tiers ofvocabularyb. Identifies relevant features of language suchas word choice, order, and punctuationE.Speaking and Listening1. Knows the characteristics of effectivecollaboration to promote comprehensiona. Identifies techniques to communicate for avariety of purposes with diverse partnersb. Identifies the characteristics of activelistening2. Knows the characteristics of engaging oralpresentationsa. Identifies elements of engaging oralpresentations (e.g., volume, articulation,awareness of audience)II. MathematicsA.Numbers and Operations1. Understands the place value system2. Understands operations and properties ofrational numbersa. Solves multistep mathematical and realworld problems using addition, subtraction,multiplication, and division of rationalnumbers–– Identifies different problem situations forthe operations (e.g., adding to, takingfrom, putting together, taking apart, andcomparing for subtraction)–– Uses the relationship between additionand subtraction and the relationshipbetween multiplication and division tosolve problems (e.g., inverse operations)–– Interprets remainders in division problemsb. Understands various strategies andalgorithms used to perform operations onrational numbersc. Recognizes concepts of rational numbersand their operations–– Identifies examples where multiplicationdoes not result in a product greater thanboth factors and division does not result in aquotient smaller than the dividend–– Composes and decomposes fractions,including the use of unit fractions.a. Writes numbers using base-10 numerals,number names, and expanded form–– Recognizes that the value of a unit fractiondecreases as the value of the denominatorincreasesb. Composes and decomposes multi-digitnumbers–– Recognizes that the same whole must beused when comparing fractionsc. Given a digit, identifies the place the digit isin and its value in that placed. Recognizes that a digit in one placerepresents ten times what it represents inthe place to its right and one-tenth what itrepresents in the place to its left, andextends this recognition to several places tothe right or lefte. Uses whole-number exponents to denotepowers of 10f. Rounds multi-digit numbers to any placevalued. Solves problems using the order ofoperations, including problems involvingwhole number exponentse. Identifies properties of operations (e.g.,commutative, associative, distributive) anduses them to solve problemsf. Represents rational numbers and theiroperations in different ways–– Uses, interprets, and explains concretemodels or drawings of the addition,subtraction, multiplication, and division ofrational numbers–– Represents rational numbers and sumsand differences of rational numbers on anumber line–– Illustrates and explains multiplication anddivision problems using equations,rectangular arrays, and area modelsThe Praxis Study Companion8
Step 1: Learn About Your Testg. Compares, classifies, and orders rationalnumbersh. Differentiates between dependent andindependent variables in formulash. Converts between fractions, decimals, andpercents2. Understands the meanings of the solutions tolinear equations and inequalities3. Understands proportional relationships andpercentsa. Applies the concepts of ratios and unit ratesto describe relationships between twoquantitiesa. Solves multistep one-variable linearequations and inequalitiesb. Interprets solutions of multistep onevariable linear equations and inequalities(e.g., graphs the solution on a number line,states constraints on a situation)b. Understands percent as a rate per 100c. Uses linear relationships represented byequations, tables, and graphs to solveproblemsc. Solves unit-rate problemsd. Uses proportional relationships to solve ratioand percent problems3. Knows how to recognize and represent patterns(e.g., number, shape)4. Knows how to use basic concepts of numbertheorya. Identifies and uses prime and compositenumbersa. Identifies, extends, describes, or generatesnumber and shape patternsb. Makes conjectures, predictions, orgeneralizations based on patternsb. Finds factors and multiples of numbers5. Knows a variety of strategies to determinereasonableness of resultsa. Recognizes the reasonableness of resultswithin the context of a given problemb. Uses mental math, estimation, and roundingstrategies to solve problems and determinereasonableness of resultsB.Algebraic Thinking1. Knows how to evaluate and manipulatealgebraic expressions, equations, and formulasa. Differentiates between algebraic expressionsand equationsb. Adds and subtracts linear algebraicexpressionsc. Uses the distributive property to generateequivalent linear algebraic expressionsd. Evaluates simple algebraic expressions (i.e.,one variable, binomial) for given values ofvariablese. Uses mathematical terms to identify parts ofexpressions and describe expressionsf. Translates between verbal statements andalgebraic expressions or equations (e.g., thephrase “the number of cookies Joe has isequal to twice the number of cookies Suehas” can be represented by the equationj 2s )g. Uses formulas to determine unknownquantitiesThe Praxis Study Companionc. Identifies relationships between thecorresponding terms of two numericalpatterns (e.g., find a rule for a function table)C.Geometry and Measurement1. Understands how to classify one-, two-, andthree-dimensional figuresa. Uses definitions to identify lines, rays, linesegments, parallel lines, and perpendicularlinesb. Classifies angles based on their measurec. Composes and decomposes two- and threedimensional shapesd. Uses attributes to classify or draw polygonsand solids2. Knows how to solve problems involvingperimeter, area, surface area, and volumea. Represents three-dimensional figures withnetsb. Use nets that are made of rectangles andtriangles to determine the surface area ofthree-dimensional figuresc. Finds the area and perimeter of polygons,including those with fractional side lengthsd. Finds the volume and surface area of rightrectangular prisms, including those w
Association (NSTA) standards. An on-screen scientific calculator is provided for the computer-delivered test. Please consult the Praxis Calculator Use web page for further information. You are expected to know how and when to use the scientifi
Atascocita Springs Elementary Elementary School Bear Branch Elementary Elementary School Deerwood Elementary Elementary School Eagle Springs Elementary Elementary School Elm Grove Elementary El
Stephen K. Hayt Elementary School Helen M. Hefferan Elementary School Charles R. Henderson Elementary School Patrick Henry Elementary School Charles N. Holden Elementary School Charles Evans Hughes Elementary School Washington Irving Elementary School Scott Joplin Elementary School Jordan Community School Joseph Jungman Elementary School
Coltrane-Webb Elementary School Cone Elementary School Cox Mill High School Creedmoor Elementary School . Creswell Elementary School D. F. Walker Elementary School Dixon Elementary School Drexel Elementary School East Albemarle Elementary School East Arcadia Elementary School East Robeson Primary
Oct 18, 2008 · Jack Gordon Elementary Goulds Elementary Gulfstream Elementary Miami Heights Elementary Pine Lake Elementary South Miami Heights Elementary Dr. Edward Whigham Elementary Whispering Pines Elementary Cutler Bay Senior
high, john c riley elementary, kate sullivan elementary, killearn lakes elementary, lawton m chiles senior high, lcsb facilities, maintenance & construction compound, leon senior high, lewis m lively technical . bond elementary school, buck lake elementary, canopy oaks elementary, chaires elementary, chaires elementary pre-kindergarten .
Oak Park Elementary School Henry C. Cowherd Middle School C. I. Johnson Elementary School John Gates Elementary School L.D. Brady Elementary School Mabel O'Donnell Elem. School Rose E. Krug Elementary School W.S. Beaupre Elementary School Aurora West USD 129 Freeman Elementary School Greenman Elementary
P-3 Any Science covering -3, K6, P 12 0460 03 Elementary Science (Grade 3) Generalist: Any Science covering elementary/ primary school setting Elementary Kindergarten/Primary Science Endorsement (1-9) Any Science covering elementary/ primary school setting Elementary Generalist K-6 Early Childhood Education P-3 Any
g. holmes braddock senior high school middle schools w.r. thomas middle school paul bell middle howard mcmillan middle elementary schools bent tree elementary greenglade elementary royal green elementary zoral neal hurston elementary ethel k. beckham elementary joe hall elementary vil
