Foundation Of Library And Information Science
Foundation of Library and Information ScienceDLIS001
FOUNDATION OF LIBRARY ANDINFORMATION SCIENCE
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SYLLABUSFoundation of Library and Information ScienceObjectives: To develop in student’s potential for critical thinking particularly concerning goals of Libraries and Information Centres. To train students for a professional career in Library and Information Services. To train students in handling information resources (Print and non-print). To facilitate access and provision of information sources. To train students in using Information Technology tools and techniques in information access, service,and archival activities. To further the state of the art in Library and Information Science through extension, research and ept of Library: Definition, Need, Purpose, Functions.Five Laws of Library Science.2Place of Library in Dissemination of Information: Changing role of library in socioeconomic development, education and recreation.3Library Cooperation: Definition, types, levels. Resources sharing and networking.Library Extension Services.4Types of Libraries: Public, Academic, Special and National. (Definition, purpose andfunctions of each type of library.)5Library Without Wall: Brief introduction to digital and virtual libraries.6Library Associations in India, U.K and USA: ILA, IASLIC, CILIP, SLA.7Library Legislation: Need, purpose and factors. A brief account of its present positionin India.8Copyright Act: Copyright Act, Press and Registration Act and Delivery of books (publiclibraries Act).9Library Profession: Librarianship as a profession, Professional ethics.10Promoters of Library and Information Services: RRRLF,UNESCO, IFLA
CONTENTSUnit 1:Concept of Library Science1Unit 2:Laws of Library Science19Unit 3:Place of Library in Dissemination of Information40Unit 4:Library Cooperation60Unit 5:Resource Sharing and Networking75Unit 6:Public Libraries98Unit 7:Academic Libraries117Unit 8:Special Libraries142Unit 9:National Libraries157Unit 10:Digital and Virtual Libraries176Unit 11:Library Associations: India, UK and USA199Unit 12:Library Legislation223Unit 13:Acts Related to Library Legislation241Unit 14:Library Profession260Unit 15:Promoters of Library and Information Services280
Unit 1: Concept of Library ScienceUnit 1: Concept of Library ition of Library Science1.2History of Library Science in India1.2.1Medieval Period1.2.2Period of Modern Cycle (till 19th Century)1.2.320th Century1.3Need of Library1.4Purpose of Library1.5Functions of Library1.6Summary1.7Keywords1.8Review Questions1.9Further ReadingsObjectivesAfter studying this unit, you will be able to: Discuss the definition of Library Science Explain the history of Library Science in India Describe the need of Library Discuss the purpose of Library Explain the functions of LibraryIntroductionLibrary and Information Science are very essential for the development of a society. It helps inoverall personality development and quality of life of a human being. It also helps in thepreservation and conservation of cultural heritage of a country. The information as resource isvery crucial for the development of a country. The libraries are responsible for socio-economicdevelopment. Now a day, progress of a country is measured on the basis of “information rich”or “information poor”. LIS can also be seen as an integration of the two fields – library scienceand information science, which were separate at one point. The purpose of this unit is to enablethe students to comprehend basic expressions. At the end of this unit, you should be able tounderstand the definition, history, need, purpose and functions of Library Science.LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY1
Foundation of Library and Information ScienceNotes1.1 Definition of Library ScienceLibrary science is basically the study of how to operate a library. The field is made up of severalbranches, including public services, technical services and administration. It is referred to as“library and information science” at many colleges and universities because librarians workwith physical books as well as virtual information. Library science (often termed library studiesor library and information science) is an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary field that appliesthe practices, perspectives, and tools of management, information technology, education, andother areas to libraries; the collection, organization, preservation, and dissemination ofinformation resources; and the political economy of information. The first American school forlibrary science was founded by Melvil Dewey at Columbia University in 1887.ALA glossary of Library and Information Science has defined library as “a collection of materialsorganized to provide physical, bibliographical and intellectual access to a target group, with a staff that istrained to provide services and programmes related to the information needs of the target groups.”According to Dr. S. R. Ranganathan, the father of library science in India, “a library is a publicinstitution or establishment charged with the care of collection of books, the duty of making them accessibleto those who require the use of them and the task of converting every person in its neighbourhood into ahabitual library goers and reader of books.”The word “Library Collection” is synonymous with holdings. It is the total accumulation ofbooks and other materials owned by a library, organized and catalogued for ease of access by itsusers. Encyclopaedia of Library and Information Science describes library collection as “the sumtotal of library material – books, manuscripts, serial, government documents, pamphlets, catalogues, report,recording, microfilms reels, micro cards and microfiche, punched cards, computer tapes etc. that make upthe holding of a particular type of library.”Historically, library science has also included archival science. This includes how informationresources are organized to serve the needs of select user group, how people interact withclassification systems and technology, how information is acquired, evaluated and applied bypeople in and outside of libraries as well as cross-culturally, how people are trained and educatedfor careers in libraries, the ethics that guide library service and organization, the legal status oflibraries and information resources, and the applied science of computer technology used indocumentation and records management.There is no generally agreed-upon distinction between the terms “library science”,“librarianship”, and “library and information science”, and to a certain extent they areinterchangeable, perhaps differing most significantly in connotation. The term “Library andInformation Science (LIS)” is most often used; most librarians consider it as only a terminologicalvariation, intended to emphasize the scientific and technical foundations of the subject and itsrelationship with information science. LIS should not be confused with information theory, themathematical study of the concept of information. LIS can also be seen as an integration of thetwo fields’ library science and information science, which were separate at one point.Notes Library philosophy has been contrasted with library science as the study of theaims and justifications of librarianship as opposed to the development and refinement oftechniques.Libraries are collections of books and other media. Sometimes, these books can be found insideof a building, such as your city or town’s public library. Readers can check out, or borrow thesebooks and return them by their due dates. Sometimes, the books can be found and read onlinethrough digital libraries, which let readers enjoy the information from home. In fact, the2LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
Unit 1: Concept of Library Scienceinformation found in libraries isn’t limited to books. Articles, encyclopedias, magazines, records,CDs and DVDs can be found in libraries as well. Some people enjoy going to the library to usethe internet, watch puppet shows, and listen to stories or use one of the library’s meeting orstudy rooms. Whether you want to read a great story, find a useful article for an assignment, orlisten to music, there’s sure to be a library that can help you on your quest.NotesA library is an organized collection of information resources made accessible to a definedcommunity for reference or borrowing. It provides physical or digital access to material, andmay be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both. A library’s collection can includebooks, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs,cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs, e-books, audio books, databases, and other formats.Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items.Did u know? The first libraries consisted of archives of the earliest form of writing – theclay tablets in cuneiform script discovered in Sumer, some dating back to 2600 BC. Thesewritten archives mark the end of prehistory and the start of history. Private or personallibraries made up of written books appeared in classical Greece in the 5th century BC.A library is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, a corporation, ora private individual. Public and institutional collections and services may be intended for use bypeople who choose not to – or cannot afford to – purchase an extensive collection themselves,who need material no individual can reasonably be expected to have, or who require professionalassistance with their research. In addition to providing materials, libraries also provide theservices of librarians who are experts at finding and organizing information and at interpretinginformation needs. Libraries often provide quiet areas for studying, and they also often offercommon areas to facilitate group study and collaboration. Libraries often provide public facilitiesfor access to their electronic resources and the Internet. Modern libraries are increasingly beingredefined as places to get unrestricted access to information in many formats and from manysources. They are extending services beyond the physical walls of a building, by providingmaterial accessible by electronic means, and by providing the assistance of librarians in navigatingand analysing very large amounts of information with a variety of digital tools.Self AssessmentState whether the following statements are true or false:1.The first American school for library science was founded by Melvil Dewey at ColumbiaUniversity in 1987.2.There is no generally agreed-upon distinction between the terms library science,librarianship, and library and information science.3.Library science has also included archival science.1.2 History of Library Science in IndiaThe first libraries were only partly libraries, and stored most of the unpublished records, whichare usually viewed as archives. The archaeological as well as literary evidence (written byChinese travellers in India) make it clear that writing and reading of manuscripts were regularlypracticed in ancient period since the 4th century B.C. to the 6th century after Christ. This musthave led to the growth and development of collection of manuscripts in important centres oflearning. The important library of that period was that of Nalanda University of Bihar in the 4thcentury AD. The library was said to be in three grandest buildings, the area of which was calledLOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY3
Foundation of Library and Information ScienceNotes“Drama Ganja” meaning mast of religion. The other important academic library of that periodwas Vikramshila, Odantapuri, Somapuri, Jaggadal, Mithila, Vallabhi, Kanheri, etc. During thatperiod there was a considerable activity in South India too, and there was a tradition about thelibraries in that period known as sangam age. The Buddhist of India laid special emphasis on thewriting of manuscripts and maintaining their collection. The Jains and Hindus also made immensecontribution in the field of learning. They patronized education and literary activities, establishedinnumerable institution called Upasrayas and Temple College. Acharya Nagarjuna, the founderof Mahayana Buddhism is known to have maintained a library on the top floor of the universitybuilding. It was also said that Taxila has a rich library.1.2.1 Medieval PeriodThe medieval cycle may be roughly taken to have ended with the 17th century. It was during theascending phase of this cycle that the giant intellectual and spiritual leaders such as Sankara,Ramanuja and Madheva flourished.1.Personnel Libraries: From the earliest times, the kings and nobles of India patronizededucation and encouraged writing of manuscripts and their preservation. Even the princesof small states maintained their manuscripts libraries. The tradition was continued till thenineteenth century. The emperors of Timuride dynasty were patrons of learning. With theexception of Aurangzeb all the early Mughal rulers extended their support to art, musicand literature. The libraries also made remarkable progress during their times. Humayunconverted a pleasure house in Purana Quila in Delhi into a library. Akbar maintained an“imperial library”; he was also instrumental in introducing reforms in the classificationand storage of books. Jahangir is said to have maintained a personnel library whichmoved with him wherever he went.2.Public Libraries: In the 17th and the 18th century, the development of libraries received animpetus due to rise of European settlement in India. From 1690, Calcutta began to developas one of the principal English settlement, when a large number of British began to settlethere. Subsequently, the circulation and subscription libraries came into being. The EastIndia Company established the Fort St. David library in 1707 at Cuddalore. In the year1709, the society for promotion of Christian Knowledge sent out a circulating library toCalcutta, the first of its kind in India. Subsequently, a number of such libraries wereestablished in India, the notable among them were Fort St. George library (1714), EastIndia Company’s library, Bombay (1715), John Andrews circulating library at Fort William,Calcutta (1770), the Calcutta Circulating Library (1787), etc.1.2.2 Period of Modern Cycle (till 19th Century)Following are the Period of Modern Cycle till the 19th century:1.Public Libraries: The role of Mughal rulers and missionaries in establishment of somelibraries also find their way to modern cycle. Some of the scattered manuscripts of theearly periods have been collected and preserved in many modern manuscripts libraries.These are found in many States in India. Those of Baroda, Banaras, Bombay, Calcutta,Madras, Mysore, Poona, Tanjavur and Trivandrum are well known.The year 1808 is considered an important period during which the then Government ofBombay initiated a proposal to register libraries which were to be given copies of bookspublished from “funds for the encouragement of literature”. This has been the first attemptto register the libraries and assist them with literature by the government.4LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
Unit 1: Concept of Library ScienceIn the early 19th century, John Andrew’s circulating library at Fort William, Calcutta(established in 1770) was converted into a public library. A few public libraries startedappearing sporadically here and there during the same period in this country. The notableamong them are Asha Granthalaya, Waltair (1800), Calcutta Literary Society’s Library(1818), United Services Library, Poona (1818), Raghunandan Library, Puri (1821), BombayGeneral Library (1830), etc.NotesIn August 1835, the Calcutta public library was established. It was meant to serve theneeds of all ranks and classes without distinction. In 1860, a small library was establishedby Jean Mitchel in Madras as a part of the Museum. It was opened to the public in 1896. Itwas named Connemera Public Library, this library can be claimed to be the first truepublic library, and only a nominal refundable deposit was required. In 1948, it becomesState Central library.In 1867, the Government of India enacted the Press and Registration of Books Act (XXV)under which the publisher of a book was supposed to deliver free, to the provincialgovernment concerned, one copy of the book and one or two more copies, if the provincialgovernment so desired, to be transmitted to the Central Government.In 1876, Khuda Baksh Oriental public library (Patna) was established. Maulvi MuhammodBaksh Khan, on his death left a collection of 1500 manuscripts. It formed the nucleus of thelibrary. In 1891, the library was opened to the public.Did u know? The imperial library was also established at Calcutta in 1891. Lord Curzon,the viceroy of India promulgated the Imperial Library Act, 1902, which is based onRegistration of Books Act of 1867, amalgamating Calcutta public library with imperiallibrary. Soon after independence the Government of India passed the National LibraryAct in 1948 following which the imperial library was renamed as the National library ofIndia.By the end of 19th century, all the provincial capitals as well as many of the district towns,especially in the three presidencies (Bombay, Calcutta and Madras) had so called publiclibraries. Even princely states such as Indore and Travancore-Cochin had public librariesin their capital. However, the masses in general did not take full advantage of theseinstitutions.2.Academic Libraries: The first college to be started in this country is the Fort WilliamCollege in 1800. Sir John Colville in 1857, introduced the bill to establish universities inIndia. In the same year Lord Dalhousie, then the Governor General of India gives immediateconsent to this bill. As a result, the first three modern universities were started at Calcutta,Bombay and Madras in 1857 based on the patterns of London University. Calcutta University Library: Calcutta University was the first to be established onJanuary 24, 1857. On February 24, 1869, Mr. Joy Kissen Mookherjee of Uttarparadonated 5,000.00 to the University for purchasing books for the library. The senatein the year 1872 succeeded in constructing a beautiful building at a cost of 4, 34,697.00. This is the first and oldest university library that was established inBritish India. In 1874, the library also started a collection of periodicals. In 1876-77,Calcutta University library had a good collection of books with printed catalogueservice to the user. In 1934, a new library building was set up in the CalcuttaUniversity. In 1937, the Calcutta University Library appointed the professionallyLOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY5
Foundation of Library and Information ScienceNotesqualified librarian, Dr. Nihar Ranjan Roy. He, for the first time in India introducedthe DDC and AACR rule for providing effective library services to the user.3. Madras University Library: The Madras University Library was opened in 1907. TheGovernment of India gave a special grant of 1,00,000.00 to the library to develop itsbook collection. In 1924, Dr. S. R. Ranganathan joined the Madras University Libraryas librarian. He was the first professionally qualified librarian in Indian history.Due to his active involvement he was able to receive 6,000.00 and 10,00,000.00 inthe year 1926. This was the first grant to be received from the government in thehistory of the university libraries in India. As a result of this grant, the UniversityLibrary that was in-house at the Connemara Public Library since 1908 was shifted tothe new location in 1936. Again five well-trained reference librarians were appointedto provide special reference service to the user. This was done for the first time
Discuss the definition of Library Science Explain the history of Library Science in India Describe the need of Library Discuss the purpose of Library . The other important academic library of that period was Vikramshila, Odantapuri, Somapur
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