The Pharmaceutical Industry In Figures - EFPIA
The Pharmaceutical Industry in FiguresKey Data2020www.efpia.eu
EFPIAKey Data 2020THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY:A KEY ASSET TO SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL PROGRESSThanks to advances in science and technology, theresearch-based pharmaceutical industry is enteringan exciting new era in medicines development.Research methods are evolving and we have manypromising prospects on the horizon – from thepossibilities offered by personalised medicines, tothe potential offered by harnessing the power ofbig data. The innovative pharmaceutical industryis driven by, and drives, medical progress. It aimsto turn fundamental research into innovativetreatments that are widely available and accessibleto patients.can be controlled – or even cured – with the helpof new targeted treatments. European citizens canexpect not only to live longer, but to live betterquality lives. Yet major hurdles remain, includingAlzheimer’s, Multiple Sclerosis, many cancers, andorphan diseases.Already, the industry has contributed to significantimprovements in patient well-being. Today’sEuropean citizens can expect to live up to 30 yearslonger than they did a century ago. Some majorsteps in biopharmaceutical research, complimentedby many smaller steps, have allowed for reductionsin mortality, for instance from HIV/AIDS-relatedcauses and a number of cancers. High bloodpressure and cardiovascular diseases can becontrolled with antihypertensive and cholesterollowering medicines; knee or hip replacementsprevent patients from immobility; and some cancersTOTAL NUMBER OF DEATHS AMONG AIDS CASES IN EUROPE (TOTAL 018Source: HIV/AIDSsurveillance inEurope 2019, WHORegional Office forEurope & EuropeanCentre for DiseasePrevention andControl (ECDC),November 2019
THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: A KEY ASSET TO THEEUROPEAN ECONOMYAs well as driving medical progress by researching,developing and bringing new medicines that improvehealth and quality of life for patients around theworld, the research-based pharmaceutical industryis a key asset of the European economy. It is one ofEurope’s top performing high-technology sectors.INDUSTRY (EFPIA 857275,000 (e)Exports (1) (2)90,935276,357435,300475,000 (e)Imports68,841204,824313,269335,000 (e)Trade balance22,09471,533122,031140,000 (e)R&D expenditure17,84927,92036,312Employment (units)554,186670,088793,111795,000 (e)R&D employment (units)88,397116,253115,792118,000 (e)Total pharmaceutical market valueat ex-factory prices89,449153,684213,358228,200 (e)Payment for pharmaceuticalsby statutory health insurance systems(ambulatory care only)76,909129,464135,485140,900 (e)37,500 (e)Values in million unless otherwise stated(1) D ata relate to EU-27, Norway and Switzerland since 2005 (EU-15 before 2005); Croatia and Serbia included since 2010; Turkeyincluded since 2011; Russia included since 2013(2) Data relating to total exports and total imports include EU-28 intra-trade (double counting in some cases)Source: EFPIA member associations (official figures) - (e): EFPIA estimate; Eurostat (EU-28 trade data 2000-2019)3
EFPIAKey Data 2020MAIN TRENDSThe research-based pharmaceutical industry canplay a critical role in restoring Europe to growth andensuring future competitiveness in an advancingglobal economy. In 2019 it invested an estimated 37,500 million in R&D in Europe. It directly employssome 795,000 people and generates about threetimes more employment indirectly – upstream anddownstream – than it does directly (PwC, Economicand societal footprint of the pharmaceutical industryin Europe, June 2019). However, the sector faces realchallenges. Besides the additional regulatory hurdlesand escalating R&D costs, the sector has beenseverely hit by the impact of fiscal austerity measuresintroduced by governments across much of Europesince 2010.the period 2014-2019 the Brazilian, Chinese andIndian markets grew by 11.2%, 6.9% and 11.1%respectively compared to an average marketgrowth of 5.4% for the top 5 European Unionmarkets and 6.1% for the US market (source: IQVIAMIDAS, May 2020).I n 2019 North America accounted for 48.7% ofworld pharmaceutical sales compared with 22.9%for Europe. According to IQVIA (MIDAS May 2020),62.3% of sales of new medicines launched duringthe period 2014-2019 were on the US market,compared with 18.4% on the European market(top 5 markets).T he fragmentation of the EU pharmaceuticalmarket has resulted in a lucrative parallel trade.This benefits neither social security nor patientsand deprives the industry of additional resourcesto fund R&D. Parallel trade was estimated toamount to 5,471 million (value at ex-factoryprices) in 2018.T here is rapid growth in the market and researchenvironment in emerging economies such asBrazil, China and India, leading to a gradualmigration of economic and research activities fromEurope to these fast-growing markets. DuringGEOGRAPHICAL BREAKDOWN (BY MAIN MARKETS) OF SALES OF NEW MEDICINESLAUNCHED DURING THE PERIOD 2014-201962.3%Note:New medicines cover all newactive ingredients marketedfor the first time on the worldmarket during the period2014-201918.4 %USAEurope(Top 5)6.5%Japan10.4%Rest ofthe World2.4%PharmergingEurope (Top 5) comprisesGermany, France, Italy, Spainand United KingdomPharmerging comprises 21countries ranked by IQVIA ashigh-growth pharmaceuticalmarkets (Algeria, Argentina,Bangladesh, Brazil, Colombia,Chile, China, Egypt, India,Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Mexico,Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines,Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia,South Africa, Turkey andVietnam)Source: IQVIA(MIDAS May 2020)4
PHARMACEUTICAL R&D EXPENDITURE IN EUROPE, USA AND JAPAN(MILLION OF NATIONAL CURRENCY UNITS*), 00021,3646,803 5,161199014,65312,7607,46220002010* Note: Europe: million; USA: million; Japan: million x 1002017EuropeSource: EFPIA member associations, PhRMA, JPMA14,0472018USAJapanSHARE OF PARALLEL IMPORTS IN PHARMACY MARKET SALES (%) – d NetherlandsPolandSwedenU.K.Note: U .K.: in % of pharmacy market sales at reimbursement pricesSource: EFPIA member associations (estimate)5
EFPIAKey Data 2020PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY RESEARCHAND DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPEAll new medicines introduced into the market arethe result of lengthy, costly and risky research anddevelopment (R&D) conducted by pharmaceuticalcompanies:T he cost of researching and developing a newchemical or biological entity was estimatedat 1,926 million ( 2,558 million in year 2013dollars) in 2014 (DiMasi et al, Journal of HealthEconomics, January 2016);B y the time a medicinal product reaches the market,an average of 12-13 years will have elapsed sincethe first synthesis of the new active substance; n average, only one to two of every 10,000Osubstances synthesised in laboratories willsuccessfully pass all stages of developmentrequired to become a marketable medicine.PHASES OF THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESSnioatlicpaplica entlin–c opmePr veldeScreening (10,000 rauktieatenncmstrilasegigrieeRicbu covPr eimamRarPhseaPhIIIinet1 medicinal product010 years of R&D65 years10 years15 years2 to 3 years ofadministrative procedures20 yearspatent expiry25 yearsSPC (supplementary protectioncertificate) max. 5 years
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPEEFPIA 2018 millionAustriaBelgium2783,570 tia40Netherlands642Cyprus85Norway126Czech d6,010TurkeyU.K.1035,045TOTAL 36,312Note:The figures relate to the R&D carried out in each country.Bulgaria, France, Germany, Spain: 2017 data; Slovenia: 2016 data; Norway, Sweden: 2015 data; Cyprus, Ireland: 2013 data;Croatia, Netherlands: 2011 dataBelgium, Croatia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway (LMI members), Poland, Romania,Slovenia, Sweden (LIF members), Switzerland (Interpharma members), Turkey: estimateSource: EFPIA member associations (official figures)7
EFPIAKey Data 2020AllocationofR&DR&Dinvestmentsby function(%)ALLOCATION OFINVESTMENTSBY FUNCTION(%)16.4 Pre-human/Pre-clinical9.7Phase I10.6 Phase II49.2Clinical Trials28.9 Phase III3.3Approval11.6 Pharmacovigilance (Phase IV)Source: PhRMA, Annual MembershipSurvey 2019 (percentages calculated from2018 data; total values may be affected byrounding)19.4 UncategorizedNUMBER OF NEW CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENTITIES 36658576052414029 3025172010361102000-20042005-20092010-2014Source: SCRIP – EFPIA calculations (according to nationality of mother company)82015-2019
IMPORTANCE OFPHARMACEUTICAL R&D2,6002,5582,5002,4002,300In 2018 the pharmaceutical industry invested morethan 36,300 million in R&D in Europe. A decade ofstrong US market dominance led to a significant shiftof economic and research activity towards the USduring the period 1995-2005. Additionally, Europe isnow facing increasing competition from emergingeconomies: rapid growth in the market and researchenvironments in countries such as Brazil and China arecontributing to the move of economic and researchactivities to non-European markets. The geographicalbalance of the pharmaceutical market – and ultimatelythe R&D base – is likely to shift gradually towardsemerging 1,4001,3001,200ESTIMATED FULL COST OF BRINGING A NEWCHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL ENTITY TO MARKET( MILLION - YEAR 2013 )1,1001,0441,000900Source: Joseph. A. DiMasi, Henry G. Grabowski, Ronald W.Hansen,Innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: New estimates of R&Dcosts, Journal of Health Economics, 47 (2016), 20-3380070060050041340030020017910001970 early 1980s1980 early 1990sPharmaceutical R&D expenditure - Annual growth rate (%)PHARMACEUTICAL R&D EXPENDITURE – ANNUAL GROWTH RATE (%)121990 mid 2000s2000s mid 2010sNote: USA: data relating to period 2014-2018Source : EFPIA, PhRMA11.310Europe8645.23.82.7 3.24.0USA202005-20092010-20142015-20199
EFPIAKey Data 2020RANKING OF INDUSTRIAL SECTORS BY OVERALL SECTOR R&D INTENSITY(R&D AS PERCENTAGE OF NET SALES – 2019)Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology15.4%10.8%Software & computer services8.4%Technology hardware & equipment5.6%Leisure goods4.9%Electronic & electrical equipment4.5%Automobiles & partsAerospace & defence4.0%Total 38 industries4.0%3.7%Healthcare equipment & services3.2%Industrial engineeringGeneral industrials2.9%Banks2.7%Household goods & home construction2.5%Chemicals2.2%1.7%Construction & materials0.3%Oil & gas producers0246810121416Note:Data relate to the top 2,500 companies with registered offices in the EU (551), Japan (318), the US (769), China (507) and the Rest ofthe World (355), ranked by total worldwide R&D investment (with investment in R&D above 30 million).Source: The 2019 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard, European Commission, JRC/DG RTDAccording to EUROSTAT data, the pharmaceuticalindustry is the high technology sector with the highestadded-value per person employed, significantly higherthan the average value for high-tech and manufacturingindustries. The pharmaceutical industry is also the sectorwith the highest ratio of R&D investment to net sales.10According to the 2019 EU Industrial R&D InvestmentScoreboard the pharmaceutical and biotechnologysector amounts to 18.7% of total business R&Dexpenditure worldwide.
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTIONEFPIA 2018 millionAustria2,775Belgium13,312Bulgaria etherlandsCyprus180Norway1,072Czech ,87423,039259,857Note:All data based on SITC 54Denmark, Latvia, Slovakia, Spain: 2017 data; Iceland: 2016 data; Bulgaria: 2015 data; Ireland: 2014 data; Romania: 2013 data;Cyprus, Netherlands: 2010 dataCroatia, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland: estimateBulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Sweden: veterinaryproducts excludedSource: EFPIA member associations (official figures)Graph 13 - à remplirPHAREfpia 201311
EFPIAKey Data 2020EMPLOYMENT IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRYEFPIA 0NetherlandsCyprus15,0001,140Norway4,000Czech 66,500U.K.62,500TOTAL793,111Note:Latvia, Malta, Spain: 2017 data; Estonia: 2016 data; Sweden: 2014 data; Lithuania: 2013 data; Cyprus: 2007 dataBelgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, France, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia,Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom: estimateSource: EFPIA member associations (official figures)The research-based pharmaceutical industry isone of Europe’s major high-technology industrialemployers. Recent studies in some countriesshowed that the research-based pharmaceuticalindustry generates about three times moreemployment indirectly – upstream and downstream– than it does directly (PwC, Economic and societal12footprint of the pharmaceutical industry in Europe,June 2019). Furthermore, a significant proportionof these are valuable skilled jobs, for instance in thefields of academia or clinical science, which can helpmaintain a high-level knowledge base and prevent aEuropean “brain drain”.
EMPLOYMENT IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY (1990-2019)2019795,000 00400,000500,000600,000700,000800,000Note:Data includes Iceland (since 2017), Turkey (since 2011), Croatia and Lithuania (since 2010), Bulgaria, Estonia and Hungary (since2009), Czech Republic (since 2008), Cyprus (since 2007), Latvia, Romania & Slovakia (since 2005), Malta, Poland and Slovenia (since2004)Source: EFPIA member associations (official figures) - (e): EFPIA estimateEMPLOYMENT IN PHARMACEUTICAL R&D (1990-2019)2019118,000 00100,000120,000Note:Data includes Iceland (since 2017), Greece & Lithuania (since 2013), Bulgaria and Turkey (since 2012), Poland (since 2010), CzechRepublic, Estonia and Hungary (since 2009), Romania (since 2005) and Slovenia (since 2004)Croatia, Cyprus, Latvia, Malta, Serbia, Slovakia: data not availableSource: EFPIA member associations – (e): EFPIA estimate13
EFPIAKey Data 2020PHARMACEUTICAL SALESThe world pharmaceutical market was worth an estimated 949,462 million ( 1,062,923 million) at ex-factoryprices in 2019. The North American market (USA & Canada) remained the world’s largest market with a 48.7%share, well ahead of Europe and Japan.BREAKDOWN OF THE WORLD PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET – 2019 SALESEuropeNorth America(USA, Canada)22.9%Japan48.7%7.2%LatinAmericaNote:Europe includes Turkeyand Russia; percentagesmight not add up due toroundingSource: IQVIA (MIDAS),May 2020 (data relateto the 2019 auditedglobal retail and hospitalpharmaceutical marketat ex-factory prices)Africa, Asia*& Australia4.1%17.1%* Excluding JapanPRICE STRUCTUREDistribution margins, which are generally fixed by governments, and VAT rates differ significantly fromcountry to country in Europe. On average, approximately one third of the retail price of a medicine reverts todistributors (pharmacists and wholesalers) and the State.BREAKDOWN OF THE RETAIL PRICE OF A MEDICINE, 2018 %State(VAT and other taxes)10.2%Note:Non-weighted averagefor Europe (averageestimate for 25countries)Source: EFPIA memberassociations
PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET VALUE(at ex–factory prices)EFPIA 2018 million prus69477Poland6,840Czech h 17 4,1375,170Breakdownof the world p5,88121,151North America(USA, Canada)44.5%213,358Note:Medicinal products as defined by Directive 2001/83/EECLatinCyprus, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, Sweden: pharmaceutical market value at pharmacyAmericapurchasing prices4.7%Serbia: 2017 data; Malta: 2007 dataBelgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Norway, Spain, United Kingdom: estimateSource:EFPIA member associations (official figures) – Latvia: IQVIAThe figures above are for pharmaceutical sales, at ex-factory prices, through all distribution channels (pharmacies, hospitals,Graph medicines18dispensing doctors, supermarkets, etc.), whether dispensed on prescription or at the patient’s request. Sales of veterinaryare excluded.Breakdo15
EFPIAKey Data 2020VAT RATES APPLICABLE TO MEDICINESThe table below shows the VAT rates applied to medicines in European countries as of 1 January 2020.CountryStandard VAT rate (%)AustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzech Rep.DenmarkEstoniaFinlandFrance (1)GermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIreland (2)ItalyLatviaLithuania 0VAT rates applied to medicinesPrescription 0,09,54,00,02,58,00,0OTC 0,010,020,09,54,025,02,58,020,0(1) France: reimbursable medicines 2.1%; non-reimbursable medicines 10.0% (2) Ireland: oral medication 0%; other medication 23%(3) Lithuania: reimbursable medicines 5.0%; non-reimbursable medicines 21.0%16
GENERICSThe term ‘generic’ is widely used but its definition isnot always consistent between countries. Genericsare usually produced by a manufacturer who is50.0AustriaBelgiumSHARE (ESTIMATE - IN %)ACCOUNTED FOR BY GENERICS INPHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SALESVALUE (AT EX-FACTORY Estonianot the inventor of the original product, and aremarketed when intellectual property protectionrights are rce: EFPIA member associations26.0RomaniaNote:Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,Greece, Ireland, Hungary, U.K.: share ofgenerics in pharmacy market salesAustria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain:share of generics in reimbursable pharmacymarket salesLithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia,Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland,Turkey: share of generics in total market salesCyprus, Czech Republic, Iceland, Latvia,Malta: 2018 data not availableFrance: data relate only to those activesubstances listed on the official list ofmedicinesDefinition: ‘generic’ means a medicine basedon an active substance that is out of patentand which is marketed under a differentname from that of the original ovenia19.322.5Spain19.1SwedenSwitzerland 13.729.8Turkey26.0U.K.0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%17
EFPIAKey Data 2020PHARMACEUTICAL EXPORTSEFPIA 2018 million millionAustria a 935Malta 299CroatiaNetherlands92638,633Cyprus 317NorwayCzech RepublicPoland 992Romania770740Russia 440France29,450Slovakia 408Germany82,609Slovenia 3,092Greece 1,475SpainHungary 5,533Sweden 7,987Ireland46,199SwitzerlandItaly24,906Turkey 1,014Latvia 458United KingdomTOTAL10,47877,68826,598435,300Note:All data based on SITC 54Source: Eurostat (COMEXT database – May 2020)Norway, OECD, Harmonised System Chapter 30, 2019/5; Russia: Clifar Import/Export, 2018; Switzerland: Swiss FederalCustoms Administration; Turkey: Turkish Statistical Institute18
PHARMACEUTICAL IMPORTSEFPIA 2018 rus 68NetherlandsNorway2,022Czech zerlandItaly25,563TurkeyLatvia609United 269Note:All data based on SITC 54Source: Eurostat (COMEXT database – May 2020)Norway, OECD, Harmonised System Chapter 30, 2019/5; Russia: Clifar Import/Export, 2018; Switzerland: Swiss FederalCustoms Administration; Turkey: Turkish Statistical Institute19
EFPIAKey Data 2020PHARMACEUTICAL TRADE BALANCEEFPIA 2018Austria million327 232CyprusCzech SwedenHungary-1,656-2,297 balancEU -28 L -10,000122,031Ireland847-3,295Graph 2434,236Italy-657TurkeyLatvia-151United Kingdom18,132,980-20,000Note:All data based on SITC 54-30,000-40,000Source: Eurostat (COMEXT database – May 2020)-44,497-45,320Norway, OECD, Harmonised System Chapter 30, 2019/5; Russia: Clifar Import/Export, 2018;Switzerland: Swiss Federal-50,000Customs Administration; Turkey: Turkish Statistical Institute-60,000Graph 2520The European Union’s
EU-28 TRADE BALANCE - HIGH TECHNOLOGY SECTORS ( MILLION) - 60,000SITC 54 Pharmaceutical products50,00040,00030,000SITC 71 Power generating machinery and equipment29,62125,87020,000SITC 75 Office machines and computers10,0000SITC 76 Telecommunication, sound, TV, video-10,000-20,000-18,971SITC 77 Electrical machinery-30,000-40,000-50,000SITC 87 Professional, scientific, controlling material-48,635-60,000-70,000-80,000Source: Eurostat, COMEXT database, May 2020-76,528THE EUROPEAN UNION’S TOP 5 PHARMACEUTICAL TRADING PARTNERS - thersEU exports36.0%11.5%6.8%4.6%4.7%--36.4%EU imports35.7%36.1%4.1%--5.2%4.2%14.7%EU exportsEU importsSource: Eurostat, COMEXT database, May 202021
EFPIAKey Data 2020TOTAL SPENDING (PUBLIC AND PRIVATE) ON HEALTHCAREAS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP AT MARKET 6.97.27.58.48.08.110.310.210.5Czech 711.912.2Turkey2.42.54.65.14.14.2United Note: Europe: non-weighted average (27 countries) – EFPIA calculationsSource: OECD Health Statistics 2019, May 202022
PAYMENT FOR PHARMACEUTICALS BY COMPULSORYHEALTH INSURANCE SYSTEMS AND NATIONAL HEALTHSERVICES (ambulatory care only)EFPIA 2018 million ech ia: 2017 data; Croatia: 2016 dataFrance, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, U.K.: estimateSource: EFPIA member associations (official figures)23
EFPIAKey Data 2020CAUSES OF DEATH BY MAJOR DISEASE AREASIN EUROPE (EU–28)0.2% 0.2%0.3%0.2%0.5%1.6%1.9%3.6% 4.6%3.0%4.3%35.7%4.3%4.3%8.2%27.0%Diseases of the circulatory systemCertain infectious and parasitic diseasesNeoplasmsDiseases of the musculoskeletal systemand connective tissuesDiseases of the respiratory systemDiseases of the blood and blood-forming organs andcertain disorders involving the immune mechanismDiseases of the digestive systemMental and behavioural disordersDiseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissueCertain conditions originating in the perinatal periodDiseases of the nervous systemand the sense organsCongenital malformations, deformationsand chromosomal abnormalitiesEndocrine, nutritionaland metabolic diseasesSymptoms, signs and abnormal clinicaland laboratory findings, not elsewhere classifiedDiseases of the genitourinary systemExternal cause of morbidity and mortabilityData Source: Eurostat, data relate to year 2016 (non-disease directly related causes of deaths: EFPIA calculations), May 202024
THE ADDED VALUE OFMEDICINES IN HEALTHCAREBREAKDOWN OF TOTAL HEALTH EXPENDITUREIN EUROPE – 201740.4% 39.1% 19.5%Medicines constitute the smallest part of healthcarecosts with, on average, 19.5% of total healthexpenditure in Europe being spent on pharmaceuticalsand other medical goods. In costly diseases such ascancer and rheumatoid arthritis, medicines account foreven less than 10% of the total disease costs. Medicinescan also generate additional savings, for example bysubstantially reducing costs in other areas of healthcare,including hospital stays and long-term care costs.In-patient care (hospital)Outpatient care & othersMedical goods (including pharmaceuticals)Source: OECD Health Statistics 2019, May 2020 – EFPIAcalculations (non-weighted average for 26 EU & EFTA countriesand Turkey)CHRONOLOGY OF HEPATITIS C TREATMENT (1999-2015) Hepatitis C is the leading cause of liver transplants and the reason liver cancer is on the rise 133%41%cure rate1st generation(1999-2010)Interferon and ribavarininjection48 weeks*90%cure rate63-80%cure rate2nd generation(2011-2013)Protease inhibitors w/IFNinjection24-28 weeks*3rd generation(2013-2014)Polymerase inhibitors w/IFNinjection12 weeks*95-96%cure rate4th generation(2014-2015)Oral combinationtherapies8-12 weeks*Improved tolerance and ease of treatment* Treatment duration, INF interferon;Source: PhRMA, ‘Prescription Medicines: International Costs in Context’ (2017)25
EFPIAKey Data 2020EFPIA MEMBER ASSOCIATIONSAustriaFachverband der ChemischenIndustrie Österreichs (FCIO)IrelandIrish Pharmaceutical HealthcareAssociation (IPHA)BelgiumAssociation Générale del’Industrie du Médicament(pharma.be)ItalyAssociazione delle Imprese delFarmaco nNetherlandsVereniging InnovatieveGeneesmiddelenThe Danish Association of thePharmaceutical Industry (Lif s ryNorwegian Association ofPharmaceutical Manufacturers(LMI)Pharma Industry Finland (PIF)FranceLes Entreprises du Médicament(LEEM)GermanyVerband ForschenderArzneimittelhersteller (VfA)GreeceHellenic Association ofPharmaceutical Companies (SFEE)PolandEmployers Union of InnovativePharmaceutical Companies(Infarma)PortugalAssociação Portuguesa daIndústria Farmacêutica (Apifarma)RussiaAssociation of InternationalPharmaceutical Manufacturers(AIPM)SpainAsociación Nacional Empresarialde la Industria striföreningenThe Swedish Association of thePharmaceutical Industry (LIF)SwitzerlandVerband der forschenderpharmazeutischen Firmen derSchweiz (Interpharma)TurkeyArastirmaci Ilac Firmalari Dernegi(AIFD)United KingdomThe Association of the BritishPharmaceutical Industry (ABPI)ASSOCIATIONS WITH LIAISON STATUSBosnia-Herzegovina: Association of Research-based Medicine Producers (UIPL)Bulgaria: Association of Research-based Pharmaceutical Manufacturers in Bulgaria (ARPharM)Croatia: Innovative Pharmaceutical Initiative (iF!)Cyprus: Cyprus Association of Pharmaceutical Companies (KEFEA)Czech Republic: Association of Innovative Pharmaceutical Industry (AIFP)Estonia: Association of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers in Estonia (APME)Hungary: Association of Innovative Pharmaceutical Manufacturers (AIPM)Iceland: Icelandic Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry (FRUMTÖK)Latvia: Association of International Research-based Pharmaceutical Manufacturers (SIFFA)Lithuania: The Innovative Pharmaceutical Industry Association (IFPA)Malta: Maltese Pharmaceutical Association (PRIMA)North Macedonia: Association of Foreign Innovative Pharmaceutical Manufacturers (HOBA)Romania: Association of International Medicines Manufacturers (ARPIM)
EFPIA Key Data 2020 4 62.3% 10.4% Pharmerging comprises 21 6.5% 18.4 % Pharmerging Japan Europe (Top 5) Rest of the World USA 2.4% MAIN TRENDS The research-based pharmaceutical industry c
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
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Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
