Environmental Risk Assessment For Construction Project .
SEP 2017 IRE Journals Volume 1 Issue 3 ISSN: 2456-8880Environmental Risk Assessment forConstruction Project through CEMPRASIKA S. PATIL1, VIKRAM K. VICHARE2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, MCOERC, Nashik, Maharashtra, India.2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, JESITMR, Nashik, Maharashtra, India.1Abstract - The construction sectors are now a day’sexpanding rapidly with the different new sources,techniques but if it not planned with consideration ofenvironmental aspects, it would give significant negativeimpact to the surrounding environment. Construction isconsidered as one of the main reason of pollution in thenature. So for the awareness and proper utilization ofresources in the construction projects regards toenvironmental effect, needs to be enhanced. For this ntal management. Construction EnvironmentManagement Plan (CEMP) is an environmentalmanagement tool used to ensure that undue or reasonablyavoidable adverse impacts of the construction on projectenvironment are prevented. Also CEMP's provide anessential tool for ensuring that the assessment, mitigationof negative impacts and enhancement of positive impacts iscarried out effectively during the project life-cycle. This isa plan or programmed that seeks to achieve a required endstate and describes how activities that have or could havean adverse impact on the environment, will be assessed,controlled, monitored and mitigated. In developing theCEMP an Environmental Risk Assessment will beundertaken. The risk assessment identifies all aspects ofconstruction that could have an environmental impact andassesses the potential risk and impact of that activity on theenvironment. Management controls are then devised toeliminate or minimize those identified impacts. In thispaper CEMPs are developed. Also risk assessments ofdifferent construction projects are taken. It may identifysome environmental impact factors by measuringenvironmental risk and finding their impact levels.Index Terms: CEMP, Environmental Risk, Impactfactors, Risk Assessment.I.INTRODUCTIONThe construction sectors expanded rapidly in the 80’sbecause of demand for the large number ofresidential houses. With this the new concept formstownship projects. Construction is considered as oneof the main source of environment pollution in thenature. Building construction and operations havemassive direct and indirect effect on environment[1]. So awareness and proper utilization of resourcesin the residential projects regarding environmentaleffect of construction needs to be enhanced. For thissome management techniques are considered withenvironment that is referred as EnvironmentalIRE 1700058Management. It is part of overall managementsystem which consists of organized structure,planning, duties, practices, procedures and resourcesnecessary for development, implementation,achievement and maintenance of the environmentalpolicy. Construction Environmental ManagementPlan (CEMP) is an environmental management toolused to ensure that undue or reasonably avoidableadverse consequences of the construction, functionand ceasing of a project are prevented and that thepositive benefits of the projects are increased. It is anessential tool for ensuring that the mitigation ofnegative impacts and enhancement of positiveimpacts are carried out effectively during the projectlife cycle [2]. It is therefore intended that this is usedin the spirit of continuous improvement anddevelopment, to help out in motivating best practicesin environmental management, in a manner thatacceptable, efficient and cost effective.A Construction Environmental Management Plan(CEMP) can be defined as “an environmentalmanagement tool used to ensure that undue orreasonably avoidable adverse impacts of theconstruction, operation and decommissioning of aproject are prevented; and that the positive benefitsof the projects are enhanced”. EMPs are thereforeimportant tools for ensuring that the managementactions arising from Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA) processes are clearly defined andimplemented through all phases of the project lifecycle.Construction Environmental Management Plan(CEMP) as well as providing an input to design andappraisal, environmental issues is incorporated intothe implementation phase of the project cycle. AConstruction Environmental Management Plan(CEMP) should be prepared, which sets out theactions for monitoring and evaluation of the projectduring implementation or construction andoperation. This should form a fundamental part of theproject specifications. Its content will include: Measures to enhance environmental benefitsIdentified risks and uncertaintiesICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS5
SEP 2017 IRE Journals Volume 1 Issue 3 ISSN: 2456-8880 Mitigation measures to minimize adverseimpactsInstitutional support required for effectivemonitoringMonitoring and auditing programme detailsEnvironmental legislation and standardswhich apply resources, funds, contractual andmanagement arrangements.Risk assessments are an important component ofeffective environmental management systems.Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) is a processthat evaluates the likelihood or probability thatadverse effects may occur to environmental values,as a result of human activities (i.e., a formalprocedure for identifying and estimating the risk ofenvironmental damage).The ERA procedure is triggered prior to a significantdecision affecting the environment. It can be brokeninto three broad stages:I.II.Preparation, involving collecting andexaminingrelevantbackgroundinformation, and establishing the focus forthe , reporting and applying resultsof the assessment.ERA is a support tool for policy evaluation, land useplanning, and resource managementdecisionmaking. It is systematic, and can be applied in avariety of situations, ranging from those withminimal available data and resources, to those withdetailed inventories and complex systems modeling.The CEMP plans are prepared by consideringdifferent aspects such as surrounding of projects,environmental conditions their probabilities andconsequences.In developing the CEMP, an Environmental RiskAssessment will be undertaken. It is an essential stepin the development of solutions for pollutionproblem and new environmental regulations.Environmental Risk Assessment is the identificationand characterization of the nature of existing andpotential adverse effects to humans and theenvironmentresultingfromexposuretoenvironmental hazard. Risk is function of theprobability of an event occurring and the degree ofdamage that would result should it happen.Information from the environment assessment isrequired in order to conduct a risk assessment.IRE 1700058The risk assessment identifies all aspects ofconstruction that could have an environmentalimpact and assesses the potential risk and impact ofthat activity on the environment.[3] Managementcontrols are then devised to eliminate and/orminimize those identified impacts. Risk evaluating isthe frequencies and consequences of riskoccurrences of activity or exposure and generation ofrisks that arises from dangers, considering theadequacy of any existing controls, impacts anddeciding whether or not the risk is acceptable.The assessment is made at the site, local, area andregional level in Nashik. Special attention is paid tothe site-wide and local levels when assessingimpacts. In most assessments of environmentalimpact it is difficult to determine the quantitativevalue of the environmental change. So the semiquantitative assessment considered which is basedon scores.With this the environmental risk assessment isidentified with different environmental impacts orrisks in construction by risk calculations. Thensignificance scoring is gives rating for eachenvironmental aspect for finding risk rating.II.METHODOLOGYThe Construction Environmental Management Plan(CEMP) is studied with the different contents asshown above and identifying those constructionactivities that may have a detrimental impact on theenvironment and detailing the mitigation measuresthat will need to be taken and then procedures fortheir implementation also establishing the reportingsystem to be undertaken during the constructionThe EMP also serves to highlight specificrequirements that will be monitored during thedevelopment and should the environmental impactsnot have been satisfactory prevented or mitigated,corrective action will have to be taken.The Environmental Management section of theCEMP should include information regarding thepolicy statement, Environmental ManagementSystems, project personnel roles and responsibilities,Environment Health Safety (EHS) regulations andrequirements, environmental awareness training,CEMP review and updates, and environmentalcommitments.Firstly developing environmental policy thatincludes management and then develops programsand frameworks to assess environmental risks meansundertake risk assessments of all work processes.ICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS6
SEP 2017 IRE Journals Volume 1 Issue 3 ISSN: 2456-8880Then implement measures to manage environmentalrisks. Then monitor, audit and assess environmentaloutcomes and lastly report internally and externallyand revise programs where necessary. This iscomplete structure of the CEMP. In this project theenvironmental risk assessment is identified withdifferent environmental impacts or risks inconstruction by risk calculations. Then significancescoring is gives rating for each environmental aspectfor finding risk rating.Lists of potential issues that will need to be addressedin the plan are provided below based on informationprovided in the Environmental Statement with theinvestigation. Construction noise and vibration management Air quality including dust management Energy conservation management Land and Air management Management and protection of ecologicalresources (particularly relating to timing ofcertain works).The main aim of this work is tofind out the important factors causingenvironmental impacts in the constructionprojects in context particularly for environmentrisk. For this interview was taken. The interviewinvited respondents to rate the Frequency andseverity of the environmental impact factors orrisks using the five-point Likert Scale [4].Determining the rate of environmental impactsdepends on the probability of a frequency ofoccurrence and its severity of impact on theenvironment. Probability or frequency is a likelihoodof construction activities potential being realized andinitiating a series of impacts that could result indamage to the environment. The severity of theconsequences is the extent of damage that couldresult from an impact on the environment.With the Likert Scale the questionnaire survey istaken of eight major construction firms in Nasik. Themega residential projects townships are ongoing ofthese films. In this firm respondents were fromdifferent level of organization and scale is use todetermine the scoring of the important factorscausing environmental risk. The twenty onequestionnaire interview was carried out among thisconstruction companies. The majority of these firmsare operating in Residential and Commercialprojects. The interviews were carried out among toplevel managers with different areas of the companies.Top-level managers were selected for the interviewsbecause they were assumed to have sufficientIRE 1700058knowledge about the environmental managementsystems.The factors considered in the study were identifiedfrom a literature review [1]. A total of 3 possiblemain factors and 21 sub factors, that were felt to havean effect on the environment of construction weredetermined. Similarly, the Sub-factors of these mainfactors were determined based on literature reviewand their impact rating were calculated according tothe responses.Respondents assign score from 0 to 5 for each mainfactors and sub factors according to their importance.A respondent refers Table 1 for assigning score toeach main and sub factors at a time of questionnaireinterview. Importance was decided on basis of experttalk opinion and discussion with the people who areactually in the field of management.Table 1: Likert Scale Used To Determine the Levelof Frequency and ermimpactMajorLikely5CatastrophicMajor longterm impactAlwaysRisk can be assessed and offered using matrices byworking out probabilities and consequences in aqualitative manner or with quantitative values a riskmatrix has been used to rank various risks in order ofimportance. A risk matrix is a table that includesseveral categories of probability, frequency, orlikelihood for its rows and several categories ofseverity, consequences, or impact [4]. It gives thevalues of total probabilities with consequences bymultiplication and then the outcome matrix will givesdiscern probable environmental impact levels for eachICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS7
SEP 2017 IRE Journals Volume 1 Issue 3 ISSN: 2456-8880common environmental impact in residentialconstruction projects. The significant rating of a riskthat is found in the literature is the product of theprobability of occurrence and the consequence or neteffect of that event shown, in Eq.1R F S2.627.7438.86TotalImpactLevelTable 3: Calculation For The Average Of CommonEnvironmental Impacts Assessments Of Impact/RiskFactor (ECOSYSTEM Impact).EnvironmentalImpact FactorsFrequency ofOccurrenceSeverity ofImpact(F)(S)Impactlevel/SignificantRating(R 67Operations withVegetationRemoval3.193.00Toxicgenerationat site1.861.90DISSECTION AND RESULTSNoisepollutionA management panel was interviewed to rank theseverity and frequency of some commonenvironmental impacts in the different residentialprojects in Nashik. The responded gives scores toimpact factors with five point Likert scale. By takingtwenty one questionerrie surveys (n 21). They werehaving an experience of at list 2 years. The ranking ofthe level of severity and frequency is given by thecalculations of scores. Then factors according to theiraverage scores of impacts are calculated withfrequency of occurrence and severity of impact by therespondents as shown in Table 2.Table 2: Calculation For The Average of CommonEnvironmental Impacts Assessments of Impact/RiskFactor (Natural Resources Impact).EnvironmentalImpact FactorsFrequency ofOccurrenceSeverity ofImpact(F)(S)Impactlevel/SignificantRating(R FxS)Transportation fuelResourcesNaturalResourceImpact2.952(1)where R denotes the importance rating of aenvironmental impact level in a construction project;F is the frequency of occurrence, ranging from 1 to 5which ‘1’ is the least frequent and ‘5’ is the extremelyfrequent; and S is the severity of impacts on theenvironment, ranging from 1 to 5 which ‘1’ is the notsever and ‘5’ is the extremely sever [1].III.ElectricityConsumption on siteEnergyConsumption on SiteRawMaterialsConsumption on siteIRE ration actGreenHouseGasEmissionVibrationGeneration .292.242.482.035.566.10ICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS8
SEP 2017 IRE Journals Volume 1 Issue 3 ISSN: Erosion3.62Emissionof 968.0013.977.4383.26TotalImpactLevelTable 4:Calculation For The Average Of CommonEnvironmental Impacts Assessments Of Impact/RiskFactor (PUBLIC Impact).EnvironmentalImpact FactorsPublicImpactFrequency ofOccurrenceSeverity ofImpactImpactlevel/Significant rating(F)(S)(R .626.108.647.49in the construction environment management plan andit will assess risk qualitatively or quantitatively also. Itmay conduct at every stage of construction. So that atevery level of construction and at every aspect riskmay measure and finding impact level with riskassessment and proper mitigation may use to reduce it.The managerial approach may develop in theconstruction industry so that proper planning willenhances positive impact and reduces negative impacton environment. This may achieve by conductingEnvironmental Risk Assessment. These are aimed atensuring that the contractor maintains adequatecontrol over the project which helps to minimize theextent of impact during construction also ensureappropriate restoration of areas affected byconstruction and prevent long term environmentaldegradation. Also it having specification aboutIdentifying those construction activities that have adetrimental impact on the environment with the riskassessment then detailing the mitigation measures thatwill need to be taken, and the procedures for theirimplementation and establishing the reporting systemto be undertaken during the construction.The Impact level/Significant ratings are calculated forthree major and twenty one sub factors. Aftercalculating impact level for all main and sub factorshaving a highest value of impact levels are the mostimportant risk factor.The first five highest significant ratings are there inwhich most effective impact factor is soil erosion thatwill affect environment. The degradation of soil is oneof the major environmental risk factor.Second is Site Hygiene Conditions it may directlyimpact on the surrounding humans with the hygiene onsite and cleanness.7.633.1442.08Third is Operation of Vegetation Removal with thisthe surrounding which may contains some green coverthey may remove for the construction and it may harmthe surrounding environment of construction projects.Fourth is Transportation Resources are the resourcesthat consume natural energy which will impact onenvironment.With the assessment of risk is carried out by calculatedrisk assessment table. Risk Assessment is major partIRE 1700058ICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS9
SEP 2017 IRE Journals Volume 1 Issue 3 ISSN: 2456-8880Then fifth is Public Health Impact in constructionproject is one of the important aspects. The publichealth is major issue that will relate the health and lifeof people who are work at site and live along with thatparticular project. They may suffer some problemsregarding construction and it will ultimately affecthealth mpact51%IV.CONCLUSIONWith the study of fundamentals of ConstructionEnvironmental management Plans (CEMP), themanagerial approach may develop in the constructionindustry so that proper planning will enhances positiveimpact and reduces negative impact on environment.This may achieve by conducting Environmental RiskAssessment. The Environmental Risk Assessment ismajor part in environmental management plan (EMP).Due regard must be given to environmental protectionduring the entire project. In order to achieve ions are made. These are aimed atensuring that the contractor maintains adequatecontrol over the project which helps to minimize theextent of impact during construction also ensureappropriate restoration of areas affected byconstruction and Prevent long term environmentaldegradation. The environmental risk assessment isidentified with different environmental impacts orrisks in construction by risk calculations. Thensignificance scoring is gives rating for eachenvironmental aspect for finding risk rating by like rtscale. The environmental risk assessment is assessingthe different impact factors. Those factors areresponsible for affecting construction project. Theymay recommend for further mitigation.Also this study investigated the environmental impactsdue to construction processes in residential buildingsin order of their impact levels. An interview with apanel group was conducted to determine the frequencyand severity of the environmental impacts in theconstruction activities by giving rating or scoringthem. With the percentage value of 51%, theecosystem impact may hamper environment mostlythan other two impacts.Public ImpactFig 1: Total Impact LevelThe significant rating or Impact Level is finding outfor different risk factors. The results demonstrate thatOperations with soil Erosion, Site Hygiene Condition,Operation of Vegetation Removal, TransportationFuel Resources are the most risky environmentalimpacts on construction sites. The Major impact is notacceptable, further mitigation required for this impactlevel. Soil Erosion, Site Hygiene Condition, Operationof Vegetation Removal, Transportation FuelResources and Public Health Impact, for this impactfactors continuous monitoring, further mitigation isrequired.ACKNOWLEDGMENTWe have taken so much efforts to complete thiswork. However, it would not have been possiblewithout the kind support and help of many individualsand organizations. We would like to extend our sincerethanks to all of them. We highly indebted to differentproject managers for their guidance and constantsupervision as well as for providing necessaryinformation regarding the work & also for theirsupport in completing the task. We would like toexpress our gratitude towards our parents & ourinstitutes for their kind co-operation andencouragement which help us.REFERENCES[1][2]IRE 1700058Samaneh Zolfagharian, Mehdi Nourbakhsh,Javier Irizarry, Aziruddin Ressang, MasoudGheisari,“EnvironmentalImpactsAssessment On Construction Management In The Property DevelopmentICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS10
SEP 2017 IRE Journals Volume 1 Issue 3 ISSN: 2456-8880[3][4][5][6][7][8]And Construction Sectors”, Fourth SabahSarawak Environmental Convention 2006.John A.Walewski, G.Edward Gibson, “RiskIdentificationAndAssessmentForInternational Projects.”Samaneh Zolfagharian, Aziruddin Ressang,“Risk Assessment of Common ConstructionHazards among Different Countries”, SixthInternational Conference on Construction inthe 21st Century 2011.Lee, Chan-Sik Park, Hyun-Su Oh, KyungTaek, “Environmental Assessment Items forEnvironment-friendly Residential LandDevelopment Projects.” 2008.Tatjana Tambovceva , “Assessment ModelOf Environmental Management: A CaseStudy of Construction Enterprises In Latvia”,Issn 1822-6515 Issn 1822-6515 Ekonomika IrVadyba, 2010.Cox A.L.“What's Wrong With RiskMatrices?”Risk Analysis, 28:497-512, 2008.Ayyub B.M.,“Risk Analysis In EngineeringAnd Economics” United States ; Chapman &Hall, University Of Maryland At CollegePark,2003.IRE 1700058ICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS11
paper CEMPs are developed. Also risk assessments of different construction projects are taken. It may identify some environmental impact factors by measuring environmental risk and finding their impact levels. Index Terms: CEMP, Environmental Risk, Impact factors, Risk Assessment. I. INTRODUCTION The construction sectors expanded rapidly in the .
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