1. VERIETIES IN RASASINDURA A KUPIPAKVA RASAYANA Rajesh .
ISSN 2320-7329Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved ScienceA Web based quarterly online published peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurveda.http://www.ayurlog.comVol. 1 Issue- IIndMay- 20131.VERIETIES IN RASASINDURA – A KUPIPAKVA ------------------------Rajesh Kundlikrao IngoleB.A.M.S., M.D., Ph.D. (Asso. Prof.)DEPARTMENT OF RASASHASTRA AND BHAISHAJYA KALPANAYASHWANT AYURVEDIC COLLEGE AND POST GRADUATE TRAINING &RESEARCH CENTRE, KODOLI TAL. PANHALA DIST.KOLHAPUR (M. S.)Mob.9423277610 email- r2511@rediffmail.com, asasindura is a Kupi Pakvarasa preparation hence it is prepared in a Kupi. According toreferences the use of Kachakupi has started since 10th century A.D. Before this Rasa Acharyashave made such preparation in ‗Andha Musha‘ made of clay with the help of Tushagni.There aremany methods described in texts, manly Parad (Hg) and Gandhak(S) are used to make thispreparation ,but there other some ingredients and the duration are different .Near about 33references are found of Rasasindura.Key words: Rasasindura, Parad, Gandhaka, navsagara, valuka yantra, Kachkupi.Introduction:Rasasindura is a popular kupipakva rasayana kalpa which is made in valuka yantra.Thre aremany references of this kalpa and many varieties are seen in Rasashastriya texts according tothere ingredients , propotion of ingredients,duration etc.so here a attempt is made and allimportant Rasa grantha were screened for collecting comprevesive information of Rasasindura‗Govinda Bhagvatpada‘ has described in his text Rasahridayatantra1 a procedure in connectionof Jarana which closely resembles with the preparation of Rasasindura1. In this reference LohaSamputa has been used for heating. Somdev, the author of Rasendra Chudamani (12th centuryA.D.) has not mentioned about Rasasindura of Rasasindura like preparation. He has mentionedabout the Pisti of Gandhaka and Parada (1/40) and also about Kajjali (2/6) and Valuka Yantra(5/77).Rasa Vagbhata, in Rasa Ratna Samucchaya2 has mentioned very clearly about Valuka Yantraand Kachakupi (9/33 – 34) but he has not mentioned anything specified about Rasasindura.Besides, he has mentioned one preparation of Parada Bhasma (unspecified colour) which is verysimilar to Rasa Sinudra (11/120). Only commentator Dr. Kulkarni had mentioned onepreparation of Rasasindura. (chap. 11, page – 229)Acharya Yashodhar the author of Rasa Prakash Sudhakara, has mentioned some preparations withdifferent named and colours which are similar to the preparation of the Rasasindura viz.Udaybhaskara Rasa (3/10 – 12)1
ISSN 2320-7329Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved ScienceA Web based quarterly online published peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurveda.http://www.ayurlog.comVol. 1 Issue- IIndMay- 2013In Rasendra Sara Sangraha3 three preparations of Rasasindura have been mentioned withdifferent ingredients other than Parada and Gandhaka (1-66-76). The methods, apparatuses andYantras are same in every Preparation.In Rasa Paddhati text one preparation of Rasasindura has been mentioned by author .In Rasa Kaumudi text also only preparation of Rasasindura has been mentioned with the nameof ―Nayanananda Sindura‖ (3/36-37)In Rasendra Purana text total three methods have been described to prepare Rasasindura –Samaguna (3/157), Dviguna (3/158-162) and Shadguna (3/163-168)In Ayurveda Prakash4, the author Madhava has mentioned about four preparations ofRasasindura in chapter 1st. In these prepartions he has mentioned different proportions ofingredients though the procedure and Yantra are the same . He has further suggested that ifduring heating the mouth of Kachakupi is blocked by accumulation of fumes of Gandhaka andNausadara, it should be cleared by Tapta Salaka (1/399-400).In Bhava Prakash, Shri Bhava Mishra has described one preparation of Rasa Sinudra in 5thchapter of 1st part (5/44-46). In this connection, the commentator has mentioned that the authorhas not clearly mentioned about artificial Gandhaka, so the Amalasar Gandhaka should be used.In Rasa Sanketa Kalika text the author has also mentioned a few resembling preparations ofRasasindura with different names even though the procedure and ingredients are the same (seeTable). - Dhatu Ksaya Haragauri Rasa 1st (4/90-92) - Dhatu Ksaya Haragauri Rasa 2nd (4/93) Dhatu Ksaya Haragauri Rasa 3rd (4/94)The Rasa Yoga Sagara is a comprehensive compilation of Rasa Shastra. In this text, there is amention of 10 preparations of Rasasindura in the 2nd volume (page 251/110-119). But the authorhas not contributed anything special to his credit expect the collection of the preparations oftherapeutic importance from different Rasa-Shastra text.Sri Harisharnananda, the author of Bhasma Vignana has mentioned several preparations, out ofthese 17 preparations are either of Rasasindura or resembling with Rasasindura.In Rasa Tarangini5, 7 preparations of Gandhaka Jarita Rasasindura have been mentioned inchapter 6 (6/168-188). All these 7 preparations are prepared with mercury and sulphur indifferentproportions starting with the ratio of 1:1/2 and going to the ratio of 1:6 of Hg:S, i.e. withArdhguna to Shadaguna Gandhaka .Summery & Conclusion1) There are many preparations by the name of Rasasindura which all are kupipakva rasayana.2) In all preparation Mostly Parada and Ghandhaka are used in different proportionate i.e. 1:1/2,1:1,1:2, 1:63) The critical literary review reveals that the Kupipakva Rasayana came into light since 10thcentury onwards.2
ISSN 2320-7329Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved ScienceA Web based quarterly online published peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurveda.http://www.ayurlog.comVol. 1 Issue- IIndMay- 20134) Acharya Yashodhara Bhatt (Rasa Prakash Sudhakara, 13th century) was the first person whohas introduced the named Kupipakva Rasayana of Udaya Bhaskar Rasa which was aRasasindura preparation itself in real sense.5) The word Rasasindura appeared firstly in Rasendra Sara Sangraha (13/14th century).Mercury and sulphur have been used to prepare Rasasindura through Kupipakva method.6) There is difference of opinion regarding the time duration of preparation of Rasasindura. Itvaries from 12 hours to 7 days (Rasa Tarangini).7) Rasasindura has been called by synonyms like Udaya Bhaskar Rasa (R.P.S.), Sindura Paka(R.Chi.), Nayananand Sindura (Ra.Kou.), Kamdeo Rasa (R.Chi.), etc.References :1. Shree Bhagwad Govidapadacharya, Rashridya Tantra, Krishna Gopal Ayurved Bhavan, Kaleda ( Ajmer) Publication, II nd edition Oct. 2002 ,14/2 – 6 Page No 278 to 2802. Ambikadutta Shastri , Rasaratnasamuchchaya Choukhamba Amarbharti Publication –Varanasi 9th Edition 1995,Reprint 2003 page1513. Kaviraj Narendranathmitren ,Rasendra Sar Sangraha, Motolal BanarashidashPublication Delhi, 4th edition, reprint 2007, Page 18-194. Acharya Shri Madhav, Ayurved Prakash, Arthavidyotini & Arth Prakasini Sanskrit &Hindi Commentaries, Choukhamba Bharati Academy, Varanasi ,IVth edition. (1/399400)5. Pandit Kashinath Shastri,Ras-tarangini, Motilal Banarasdas Prakashan – 11th edition,Reprint 2004 ,6-168 -188,Page No 136 to 1393
ISSN 2320-7329Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved ScienceA Web based quarterly online published peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurveda.http://www.ayurlog.comVol. 1 Issue- IIndMay- 20132.A brief review of “Botanical” and “Pharmacognostical” aspect in ------------------------Dr Khandare Meghnandini M.,Associate professor Department of Dravyaguna,Dr D. Y. Patil College of Ayurveda and Research Institute, Nerul, Navimumbai,Maharashtra . 400706. act:Ayurveda is a science which deals with medicinal plants since hundreds of years. A completeunderstanding of plants involves number of disciplines including commerce, botany,horticulture, chemistry, quality control and pharmacology 1.Atharvaveda is the oldest text that describes morphology to some extent2. Ayurveda a traditionalscience has its own and unique way of study of botany and identification (pharmacognosy) ofplants. As in those times plant were the only source of medicine botanical andpharmacognostical studies were well developed. Charak and Sushrut describe various termsbased on salient morphological traits of the plants.A classical text called ‗Vrukshayurved‘ has vivid description of botanical aspect and variousnighnatus have contributed to this aspect in different ways. This paper discusses aboutdescription of botany and pharmacognosyin various text of Ayurveda .Key words : Botany , Pharmacognosy, synonyms , morphology.Introduction:Pharmacognosy is the study of natural substances principally plants , that find use primarily inmedicine. The word was coined in 19th century to designate the discipline related to medicinalplants. The word is derived from Greek ‗pharmacon‘ means a drug and ‗gignosco‘ meaning toacquire knowledge. It was first coined by Johann Adam, in his hand written manuscript―Lehrbuch der Materia Medica‖1 .pharmacgnosy and pharmacology of Ayurveda in India was atits peak in Ayurveda even before 19th century. This can be clearly understood from one of theverses in Charaksamhita Sutra sthana 1st chapter where he says ―the person who is well aquintedwith the names and the external features of the plant as well as the proper use of the plantaccording to their properties, should only be considered as a physician3. Such a stress was laid onidentification of the plants that shows how developed the science was.Botanical aspect in Vrukshayurved.2The text named Vrukshayurvedis of immense importance, thename itself is selfexplainatory,Vruksha is tree Ayurved is science , it deals with science of trees.There are two different persons who have authored Vrukshayurved one is Vrukshayurved byParashar other is Vrukshayurved by Surpal. Of these Vrukshayurved by Parashar containsextensive information regarding botany, whereas Vrukshayurved of Surpal discusses theagricultural methods.4
ISSN 2320-7329Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved ScienceA Web based quarterly online published peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurveda.http://www.ayurlog.comVol. 1 Issue- IIndMay- 2013Parashar has divided his text into six parts 1st part being ―Bijotpattikaanda‖ which again isdivided into various chapters viz1.2.3.4.5.Vanavargasutriyaadhaya( deals with forest regions)Vrukshangasutriyaadhaya( parts of tree are discussed in detail )Pushpangasutriyaadhyaya (Various parts of flower are described in detail)Phalanga sutriyaadhyaya (various parts of fruit are described in detail)Ashtangasutriyaadhaya. (eight parts of plants viz roots , bark , stem, heart wood , the sap,the exudate, oleoresins, spines and thorns, are again elaborately discussed here).In all these chapters the botany is vigorously described, each part of the plant is thoroughlystudied e.g. Parts of leaf – Vrinta- petoiole ,Paksha-lamina, patrasira- leaf veins. The termVallari is used for inflorescence in ―pushpangasutriyaadhyaya‖ the types of inflorescence, partsof flower, and so much so internal structure of ovary is also described. Classification of plants inthis text is based upon the habits and some other morphological characteristics, similarities anddissimilarities, which is again a scientific approach of classifying the plants.Classification is as follows:1.2.3.4.Vanaspati -plants where flowers are hidden.Vanaspatya- plants which bear visible flowers and fruits.Virudhvalli- creepers having tendrils.Gulmakhupa- - have short branches and roots.All these have been again described separately in various chapters.Plants are classified into different groups called as ‗Ganas‘ on the basis of their morphologicalcharacteristics of various organs such as leaf, flower, fruit, stem, heartwood, likePuplikpushpagana, (ieRutaceae family ) all citrus fruits are included in this gana, description ofthis gana is as follows , these have spines and leaves are aromatic, bear stipules, etcVrukshayurved of Surapaal4Surpaal in his text Vrukshayurvedpredominantly mentions agricultural procedures. Proceduresthat increase the life span of plants , yield , shape of fruit , eg fumigation of Haridrachoorna,Vidangachoorna, shashakmansa, Arjun pushpa , madhu,etc given to keep the plants floweringfor all the seasons. There are some tactics given in this text which claim to increase the size andthe taste of some fruits egNarangi when treated with meat, jaggery, and milk improves thequality of fruit. He in ‗Vichitraadhyaya‘ mentions about procedures for obtaining seedless fruits,changing the color of flowers, etc. In ‗Padapvivaksha‘ propagation of plants by different partslike seeds, stems, tubers etc.CharakSamhita3.A systematic study of plants includes scientific classification which is elaborately given inCharakSamhita sutra sthana 1st chapter, as Vanaspati , Vanaspatya , Oushadhi, Virudh .Themedicinal plants are classified into groups called as ‗Gana‘ based on their pharmacological5
ISSN 2320-7329Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved ScienceA Web based quarterly online published peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurveda.http://www.ayurlog.comVol. 1 Issue- IIndMay- 2013actions, the ganas are name after the activity egjwaraghna (drugs usefulinfever),krumighna(drugs acting on worm infestation ) balya(promoting strength) vayasthapana(anti-aging) etc, thereby making the study of plants and their usage easier. There is detailedmention as to which part of the plant should be used for medicinal purpose, eg root, bark,heartwood, gum, juice, leaves, latex, oils is seen.Collection of medicinal plants is an important issue which has been mentioned elaborately by allthe samhitas. Which drugs or parts should be collected in which seasons is of greater importancethis shows they had knowledge of active principle‘s maturation period.In Vimanasthana chapter 8th under the heading of ―Dravya Parikshan‖ (examination of drug)Charak has mentioned the aspects of drug standardization. The drugs used for treatment shouldbe thoroughly examined for its nature, attributes, effects, special effects if any, its habitat, itstime of collection should be given importance, what are the conditions it is stored in , if anyprocessing is required then one should see its standard procedures , in what dose should be thedrug given, and its pharmacology (effect of the drug on the body) should be properly examined .Parameters of drug standardization9i.eAuthentication, organoleptic evaluation, are almost takencare of by Charak.Synonyms the first rate toolsAs there was need of precise identification of plants, the well-developed system of nomenclaturewith basonym and synonym came into existence. Each drug has a ‗legitimate name‘ andsynonyms 5. These proved to be first rate tools for identification as these names were given onsome external characteristics, internal structures, place where the drugs are indigenous to, andthe pharmacological properties. Rajnighantu6 gives a vivid description on the basis of coining ofthe names. They are:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.Rudhi (traditional usage) 7Prabhav (special effect)Deshyokti (habitat)Lanchana (peculiar morphological characters)Virya (potency)Upama (simile)Itarahvaya (names prevalent in other regions or due to other factors).Dhanvantari Nighantu8 too mentions names one or many are assigned to plants according tohabitat, form, colour, potency, taste, and effect etc. important aspect of pharmacognosy isidentification and nomenclature which was sufficed by these synonyms.Synonyms based on morphology7Sr. Name of the SynonymsNo. drug1Agasthya1.Dirgha phala2.RaktapushpaMeaningLatin name1.Long fruits2.Red flowersSesbeniagrandiflora Linn.6
ISSN 2320-7329Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved ScienceA Web based quarterly online published peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurveda.http://www.ayurlog.com2345678910Vol. 1 Issue- IInd3.Vakrapushpa 3.Curvedflowers1.Lochamastaka Having a stylopodat the apexAtibala1.PetarikaFruits are box likeArka1.VikiranSeeds are dispersed(dehiscent fruits)ArjunDhavalHaving white barkAshoka1.Pinda pushpa ng shiny spotson the stemAsthishrinkhala ChaturahasiraHavingquadrangular stemAraghvadha1.Dirgha phala1.long fruits2. 1. palmate leavesAjamodaMay- 2013TrachyspermumroxburghianumDC Craib.Abutilon indicum Linn.Calotropisprocera R.Br.Terminaliaarjuna W.& A.SaracaindicaRoxb,De Wilde.Ficusreligiosa Linn.Cissusquadringularis Linn.Cassia fistula Linn.Ricinuscomunis Linn.Synonyms based on habitat7Sr.No.12Name of eaningKashmirakaKairatHabitant of KashmirHabitant ofKairatdesha(temperateHimalayas)DravidiNative of Kerela &KarnatakaMarudbhavaGrows in dry reagionKashmir jirakGrows on high altitude(Kashmir)MarudeshyaGrows in arid zone.MalayajaGrows in Malaya region(part of western ghats)AuttarayanaCultivated abundantly innorthern regionMagadhiGrowing in mostly dampregion of MagadhaMarusambhava Grown in desert area .Synonyms based on pharmacological actions77Latin nameCrocus sativa Linn.SwertiachiraytaBuch-Ham.Elettaria cardamomGossypiumherbaceumCarumcarvi Linn.CommiphoramukulHook.Santalum album Linn.Cuminumcyminum Linn.Piper longum Linn.CitrulluscolocynthisSchrad.
ISSN 2320-7329Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved ScienceA Web based quarterly online published peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurveda.http://www.ayurlog.comSr.No.12345Name of the ol shatruKantakariKasaghnauKakodumbara DaruharidraNihshoothaKrumiharaVol. 1 Issue- IIndMay- 2013MeaningLatin namePromotes union offractured bonesGood remedy for painAlleviates cough.Potent drug for vitiligo .Efficacious in dysentery& diarrhoeaUsefulinsplenomegaly.Potent in feverUseful in skin diseasesspecially ring worm&itchingUseful in oedemaItisapotentanthelmntic.Cissusquadrigularis Linn.Ricinuscommunis Linn.SolanumsurattenseBurm.f.Ficushispida Linn.HolarrhenaantidysentericaLinn Willd.Cassia tora Linn.Operculinaturpethum Linn.Berbeisaristata DC.Summary and Conclusion:Herbal drugs constitute a major part of all traditional systems of medicine, Ayurveda isindependent and self-sufficient medical system, which was very developed in its botanical andpharmacognostical studies, it also fulfils the present day criterion of drug standardization to agreater extent. Synonyms provided the utmost scientific information of the drugs. The seasonal.Naamroopavidnyana is a distinct branch of dravyaguna,which deals with names and forms andproper correlation of names and forms are given so that the entity can be identified correctly.Naam (mukhyanaam) roopa (specific characters) Ancient scholars were keen observers of naturehence they coined exact synonyms to designate specific characters and aid the exactidentification of medicinal plants. Some synonyms even indicate the use of drugs in othersciences. Eg ‗Goharitaki‘ name for Bilva suggests its use in veterinary science. Few synonymsgive the information about the seasons in which the flowers bloom,eg Varshapushpika(Atibala)blossoms in rainy season, also the time of the life span of the plants eg.Ikshu (mrutyupushpa)means the plant shall perish after it blooms, etc. synonyms were the only means for identificationof plants, so much was the importance ,that Ni
The Rasa Yoga Sagara is a comprehensive compilation of Rasa Shastra. In this text, there is a mention of 10 preparations of Rasasindura in the 2nd volume (page 251/110-119). But the author has not contributed anything special to his credit expect the collection of the preparations of therapeutic importance from different Rasa-Shastra text.
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Collectively make tawbah to Allāh S so that you may acquire falāḥ [of this world and the Hereafter]. (24:31) The one who repents also becomes the beloved of Allāh S, Âَْ Èِﺑاﻮَّﺘﻟاَّﺐُّ ßُِ çﻪَّٰﻠﻟانَّاِ Verily, Allāh S loves those who are most repenting. (2:22
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