History And Social Science Framework
HISTORY ANDSOCIAL SCIENCEFRAMEWORKGrades Pre-Kindergarten to 12MassachusettsCurriculumFramework – 2018
This document was prepared by the Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary EducationBoard of Elementary and Secondary Education MembersMr. Michael Moriarty, HolyokeMr. Paul Sagan, Chair, CambridgeMr. James Peyser, Secretary of Education, MiltonMr. James Morton, Vice Chair, BostonMs. Mary Ann Stewart, LexingtonMs. Katherine Craven, BrooklineDr. Martin West, NewtonDr. Edward Doherty, Hyde ParkMs. Hannah Trimarchi, Chair, Student AdvisoryMs. Amanda Fernandez, BelmontCouncil, MarbleheadMs. Margaret McKenna, BostonJeffrey C. Riley, Commissioner and Secretary to the BoardThe Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, an affirmative action employer, iscommitted to ensuring that all of its programs and facilities are accessible to all members of the public. We donot discriminate on the basis of age, color, disability, national origin, race, religion, sex, or sexual orientation.Inquiries regarding the Department’s compliance with Title IX and other civil rights laws may be directed to theHuman Resources Director, 75 Pleasant St., Malden, MA, 02148, 781-338-6105. 2018 Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education.Permission is hereby granted to copy any or all parts of this document for non-commercial educationalpurposes. Please credit the “Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education.”Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education75 Pleasant Street, Malden, MA 02148-4906Phone 781-338-3000 TTY: N.E.T. Relay 800-439-2370www.doe.mass.edu
Massachusetts Department ofElementary and Secondary Education75 Pleasant Street, Malden, Massachusetts 02148-4906Telephone: (781) 338-3000TTY: N.E.T. Relay 1-800-439-2370Jeffrey C. RileyCommissionerDear Colleagues:I am pleased to present to you the 2018 Massachusetts History and Social Science CurriculumFramework, which was adopted by the Board of Elementary and Secondary Education on June 26, 2018.This Framework is built upon the foundation of the 2003 and 1997 Massachusetts History and SocialScience Curriculum Frameworks. Based in research on effective practice, it represents the contributionsof members of the History and Social Science Curriculum Framework Review Panel, scholars who servedas Content Advisors, and the more than 700 individuals and organizations who provided commentsduring the public comment period in early 2018. This revision of the Framework retains the strengths ofthe previous frameworks and includes these improved features: increased emphasis on civics at all grade levels, including a new grade 8 course on civics; inclusion of standards that reflect the diversity of the United States and world cultures, withparticular attention to the contributions of women and men of all ethnicities andbackgrounds in the United States and the connections among world cultures; new Standards for History and Social Science Practice and questions to guide inquiry; stronger attention to the intersection of history, social science, and literacy instruction,through the inclusion of literacy standards for history and social science; expanded examples of primary sources representing significant texts, maps, photographs,and works of art and architecture in United States and world history; new standards for financial literacy and news/media literacy.A companion document, Resources for History and Social Science, contains annotated lists ofrecommended websites, Massachusetts and New England museums, archives, and historic sites, andimportant civic holidays and commemorations. A section of the Resource Guide also documents actionstaken to promote civic education by the Massachusetts Board of Elementary and Secondary Education,the Massachusetts Board of Higher Education, and the Legislature, 2011–2018.We hope that the Framework will be a resource of lasting value for schools and districts. Thank youagain for your ongoing support and for your commitment to a rich and broad curriculum for all students.Sincerely,Jeffrey C. RileyCommissioner of Elementary and Secondary Education
Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. 6Vision and Introduction: Building on a Strong Foundation . . .9A Renewed Mission: Education for Civic Life in a Democracy . 12Guiding Principles . 13The Scope, Sequence, and Content of the Grades and Courses. 17The Organization of the Standards and Appendices . 20A Guide to Reading the Introductory Page for Each Grade or Course .21StandardsStandards for History and Social Science Practice, Pre-K–12 . 22Introduction to the Elementary Grades:Flexible Options for Teaching History and Social Science . . .26Pre-Kindergarten Content and Literacy Standards . 27Kindergarten Content and Literacy Standards. 32Grade 1 Content and Literacy Standards . 38Grade 2 Content and Literacy Standards . 45Grade 3 Content and Literacy Standards . 52Grade 4 Content and Literacy Standards . 61Grade 5 Content and Literacy Standards . 71Introduction to the Middle Grades:Flexible Options for Teaching History and Social Science .83Grade 6 Content Standards. .85Grade 7 Content Standards. 95Grade 8 Content Standards. 104Grades 6–8 Literacy Standards for History and Social Science . 113Introduction to the High School Grades:Flexible Options for Teaching History and Social Science .117United States History I . 120United States History II . .129World History I . .139World History II . 148ElectivesUnited States Government and Politics Elective . 162Economics Elective . 169Standards for Personal Financial Literacy . .173Standards for News/Media Literacy . .176Grades 9–10 and 11–12 Literacy Standards for History and Social Science . 180Massachusetts Curriculum Framework for History and Social Science4
AppendicesA. Application of the Standards for English Learners and Students withDisabilities . .189B. History and Social Science Inquiry: Designing Questions andInvestigations . 194C. Selecting and Using Primary Sources . 198D. Key and Suggested Annotated Primary and Secondary Sources for United States History andCivicsNote: There is a companion document to this Framework. Resources for History and Social Science: Supplement to the 2018 MassachusettsHistory and Social Science Curriculum FrameworkMassachusetts Curriculum Framework for History and Social Science5
AcknowledgementsMassachusetts Curriculum Framework for History and Social Science Review Panel 2017–2018Jason Hilton, Social Studies Teacher, Wachusett*Antonio Arvelo, Humanities Teacher, MargaritaRegional High SchoolMuñiz Academy, Boston Public Schools*Christopher Hoeh, Second Grade Teacher,Kathleen Babini, Social Studies CurriculumCambridge Friends SchoolCoordinator, Plymouth Public Schools (Retired)*Laura Hubert, Teacher and Coach, BerkowitzLaura Baker, Professor of History and HistoryElementary School, Chelsea Public SchoolsEducation, Fitchburg State University*Adam Ingano, History and Social StudiesDebra Block, Consultant, English Language ArtsCoordinator, grades 6–12, Westford Publicand History/Social StudiesSchoolsAdrianne Billingham Bock, Social StudiesFrances Jones-Sneed, Professor of History,Program Coordinator, grades K–12, AndoverMassachusetts College of Liberal ArtsPublic SchoolsColleen Kelly, History and Social Science Liaison,*Kelley Brown, Social Studies Department HeadWorcester Public Schoolsand Professional Development Coordinator,*Angela Lee, History Teacher, Weston HighEasthampton High SchoolSchoolRichard Cairn, Emerging America ProgramGorman Lee, Director of Social Studies, BraintreeDirector, Collaborative for Educational ServicesPublic SchoolsKathleen Conole (Retired) Director of CurriculumSusan Majka, Director of Social Studies,and Instruction, Greater Lowell Technical HighSpringfield Public SchoolsSchoolRashaun Martin, Social Studies and World*Casey Cullen, History Teacher, WestboroughLanguages Supervisor, Haverhill Public SchoolsHigh SchoolChristopher Martell, Professor and Social StudiesJack Cutone, Professor of Economics,Education Program Director, Boston UniversityQuinsigamond Community College*Anthony Mathieu, Social Studies Teacher,Roger Desrosiers, Massachusetts StateBoston Latin Academy, Boston Public SchoolsCoordinator, We the People Program of theEileen McQuaid, Associate Principal ofCenter for Civic EducationCurriculum and Instruction, Brockton PublicVernon Domingo, Professor of Geography,SchoolsBridgewater State UniversityMichelle Morrissey, Director of Instruction inLouise Dube, Executive Director, iCivicsHumanities and World Languages, Boston*Kerry Dunne, Middle and High School HistoryCollegiate Charter SchoolTeacher and Department Head, Weston Public*Justin Norton, Eighth Grade HumanitiesSchoolsTeacher, Boston Latin Academy, Boston Public*Laura Edouard, Vice Principal and HistorySchoolsTeacher, City on a Hill Charter School*Matthew Oosting, History Teacher, NorthPatricia Fontaine, Professor of HistoryReading Public SchoolsEducation, UMass Lowell*Robert Powers, History and Social Science*Linda Forte, Teacher, Midland StreetDirector, Plymouth Public SchoolsElementary School, Worcester Public Schools*Debra Price, Teacher, Harvard-Kent ElementaryL'Merchie Frazier, Director of Education andSchool, Boston Public SchoolsInterpretation, Museum of African AmericanJosé Reyes, Supervisor of Humanities 6–12,History, Boston and NantucketMarlborough Public SchoolsAnastasia Gogol, Associate Director, DiscoveringSiobhan Ryan, Director of School ImprovementJusticeand Leadership Services, Fall River Public Schools*William Golen, Social Studies CurriculumCoordinator, Williams Middle School,Longmeadow Public SchoolsMassachusetts Curriculum Framework for History and Social Science6
Roberta Schaefer, Founder, Worcester RegionalResearch Bureau; Lecturer/Visiting AssistantProfessor, Political Science; former member ofthe Board of Elementary and SecondaryEducationNatacha Scott, Director of History and SocialStudies, Boston Public SchoolsCedric Woods, Director, University ofMassachusetts Boston Institute for New EnglandNative American Studies*PK-12 TeachersContent AdvisorsBrad Austin, Professor, Salem State University(United States history)Tim Bailey, Director of Education, the GilderLehrman Institute of American History (UnitedStates History)Craig Benjamin, Professor, Grand Valley StateUniversity, Michigan (world history)Rosemary Blanchard, Chair, Human RightsEducation Community of the National Council forthe Social Studies and Co-Vice-Chair, HumanRights Educators USA (human rights)Maureen Costello, Teaching Tolerance Director,Southern Poverty Law Center (African Americanhistory)Robert Forrant, Professor, University ofMassachusetts, Lowell (industrial history)Debra Fowler, Co-Executive Director, HistoryUnerased, Inc., former teacher, Lowell HighSchool (LGBTQ history)Janet Furey, teacher, Weston Public Schools,Retired, standards writer (elementarycurriculum, technology)Robert Furey, History and Social ScienceDepartment Head, Concord-Carlisle RegionalSchool, Retired (Civics, United States History)Nitana Greendeer, Education Director, MashpeeWampanoag (Massachusetts Native Peopleshistory)William R. Keylor, Professor, Boston University(modern United States and international history)Priya Lal, Associate Professor, Boston College(African and world history)Cris Martin, Outreach Director of the Davis Centerfor Russian and Eurasian Studies, HarvardUniversity (Russian and Eurasian history)Members of The Massachusetts State StudentAdvisory Council Civic Education andEngagement Workgroup 2017–2018Chris Bezdedeanu, Workgroup Chair, BrianAnastasio, Workgroup CommunicationsCoordinator, Hannah Trimarchi, CouncilChairwoman, Litzy Rodriguez, Council Vice Chair,Shreya Nair, Council CommunicationsCoordinator, Adam Cavanaugh, Jennie Chang,Dylan Gordon, Frederick Hanna, Jack Hurd,Megan Jens, Diana Kulmizev, Brandon Scott,Daphney SullyMiriam Morgenstern, Co-Executive Director,History Unerased, Inc., former teacher, LowellHigh School (LGBTQ and women’s history)Barbara Petzen, Director of Training Initiatives,Abshire-Inamori Leadership Academy Center forStrategic and International Studies (MiddleEastern history)Hilda Ramirez, Assistant Director, LatinoEducation Institute, Worcester State UniversityLaurel Thatcher Ulrich, 300th AnniversaryUniversity Professor, Harvard University (ColonialAmerican history, United States history to 1870,women, religion)Graham Warder, Associate Professor, KeeneState College, New Hampshire (United Stateshistory)Kirsten Weld, John L. Loeb Associate Professor ofthe Social Sciences, Department of History,Harvard University (South, Central American,Caribbean, and United States history)Cedric Woods, Director, University ofMassachusetts Boston Institute for New EnglandNative American Studies (Native Peoples of theAmericas)External PartnerJill Norton, Abt AssociatesMassachusetts Executive Office ofEducationB Kim, Policy AnalystTom Moreau, Assistant Secretary of EducationMassachusetts Department of HigherEducationRobert J. Awkward, Director of LearningOutcomes AssessmentMassachusetts Curriculum Framework for History and Social Science7
Patricia Marshall, Deputy Commissioner forAcademic Affairs and Student SuccessJohn Reiff, Director of Student Learning andEngagementArlene Rodriguez, Senior Advisor, Division ofAcademic Affairs and Student SuccessMassachusetts Department of EarlyEducation and CareJulie Casper, graduate research fellow, Societyfor Research in Child DevelopmentMassachusetts Department ofElementary and Secondary EducationJeffrey Wulfson, Deputy CommissionerHeather Peske, Senior Associate Commissioner,Center for Instructional SupportCenter for Instructional SupportRachel Bradshaw, Manager, Instructional PolicyDineen Caselli, Administrative OfficerAlexia Cribbs, Management Analyst IILisa Keenan, Management Analyst IIIKenneth Klau, Director of Instructional PolicyRonald Noble, Associate CommissionerOffice of Educator EffectivenessMatthew Holloway, Educator EffectivenessCoordinatorOffice of Language Acquisition and AchievementFernanda Kray, ELL Professional DevelopmentCurriculum CoordinatorOffice of Literacy and HumanitiesDavid Buchanan, Consultant, Co-Lead WriterMichelle Ryan, History and Social ScienceContent Support LeadSusan Wheltle, Consultant, Co-Lead WriterCenter for Educational OptionsCliff Chuang, Senior Associate CommissionerOffice of Adult and Community Learning ServicesOlivia C. Steele, Team LeaderOlympia Stroud, High School EquivalencyProgram CoordinatorOffice of Charter Schools and School RedesignAlison Bagg, DirectorOffice of College, Career and Technical EducationJennifer Appleyard, Early Warning SpecialistNyal Fuentes, Education SpecialistOffice of Student and Family SupportRachelle Engler Bennett, Associate CommissionerMary Jane Crotty, Educational SpecialistJane Haltiwanger, Early Learning SpecialistKristen McKinnon, SL SpecialistEmily Taylor, Early Learning SpecialistDonna Traynham, Education SpecialistCenter for District SupportOffice of Approved Special Education SchoolsMichelle Hennessy-Kowalchek, Public SchoolMonitoringOffice of Special Education Planning and PolicyAmanda Greene, Secondary TransitionCoordinatorElizabeth Kelliher, Assistant DirectorHolly-Anne Neal, IEP Revision CoordinatorTeri Valentine, DirectorLauren Viviani, Early Childhood SpecialEducation ManagerCenter for Student Assessment ServicesMichol Stapel, Associate CommissionerOffice of Test DevelopmentCatherine Bowler, MCAS Test DevelopmentDirectorAmy Carithers, Administrator for ELA TestDevelopmentJennifer Malonson, Middle School ELA TestDevelopmentGreg Tobey, Elementary School ELA TestDevelopmentThe authors and contributors to the 1997 and2003 editions of the Massachusetts Historyand Social Science Curriculum FrameworkMassachusetts Curriculum Framework for History and Social Science8
VisionAll Massachusetts students will be educated in the histories of the Commonwealth, the United States,and the world. They will be prepared to make informed civic choices and assume their responsibility forstrengthening equality, justice, and liberty in and beyond the United States.Introduction: Building on a Strong FoundationThe Framework in the Historical Context of Massachusetts EducationReformThe Massachusetts Education Reform Act of 1993 directed the state Board and Commissioner ofElementary and Secondary Education to develop academic standards in core subjects setting forth the“skills, competencies and knowledge” that students should possess at each grade or cluster of grades,with high expectations for student performance. 1 As to the core subject of history and social science, thelaw directs thatThe standards shall provide for instruction in at least the major principles of theDeclaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and the FederalistPapers. They shall be designed to inculcate respect for the cultural, ethnic, andracial diversity of the Commonwealth and for the contributions made by diversecultural, ethnic and racial groups to the life of the Commonwealth. The standardsmay provide for instruction in the fundamentals of the history of theCommonwealth as well as the history of working people and the labor movementin the United States. The board may also include in the standards anawareness of global education and
Science Curriculum Frameworks. Based in research on effective practice, it represents the contributions of members of the History and Social Science Curriculum Framework Review Panel, scholars who served as Content Advisors, and the more than 700 individuals and organizations who provided comments during the public comment period in early 2018.
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