Engineering Drawing - IITKGP

Engineering DrawingAnup Ghosh

Orthographic Projection

Orthographic Projection

Orthographic Projection

Orthographic ProjectionWhen the projectors are parallel to each other and alsoperpendicular to the plane, the projection is called orthographicprojection.

Orthographic ProjectionWhen the projectors are parallel to each other and alsoperpendicular to the plane, the projection is called orthographicprojection.1 A plane of projection (POP) is a plane on which a particularview is projected.

Orthographic ProjectionWhen the projectors are parallel to each other and alsoperpendicular to the plane, the projection is called orthographicprojection.1 A plane of projection (POP) is a plane on which a particularview is projected.2 Three such planes, perpendicular to each other, are calledprincipal planes or reference planes (RP).

Orthographic ProjectionWhen the projectors are parallel to each other and alsoperpendicular to the plane, the projection is called orthographicprojection.1 A plane of projection (POP) is a plane on which a particularview is projected.2 Three such planes, perpendicular to each other, are calledprincipal planes or reference planes (RP).3 When the observer looks at the object from the front, theview obtained is called the front view (FV) or Elevation. FV isseen on the VP.

Orthographic ProjectionWhen the projectors are parallel to each other and alsoperpendicular to the plane, the projection is called orthographicprojection.1 A plane of projection (POP) is a plane on which a particularview is projected.2 Three such planes, perpendicular to each other, are calledprincipal planes or reference planes (RP).3 When the observer looks at the object from the front, theview obtained is called the front view (FV) or Elevation. FV isseen on the VP.4 When the observer looks at the object from above, the viewobtained is called top view (TV) or plan. TV is seen on theHP.

Orthographic ProjectionWhen the projectors are parallel to each other and alsoperpendicular to the plane, the projection is called orthographicprojection.1 A plane of projection (POP) is a plane on which a particularview is projected.2 Three such planes, perpendicular to each other, are calledprincipal planes or reference planes (RP).3 When the observer looks at the object from the front, theview obtained is called the front view (FV) or Elevation. FV isseen on the VP.4 When the observer looks at the object from above, the viewobtained is called top view (TV) or plan. TV is seen on theHP.5 Side Views When the observer looks at the object from side,i.e., from his left-hand side or right-hand side, the viewobtained is called side view (SV). SV is seen on the PP.

Projection of PointsPoint in first quadrantPoint in second quadrant

Projection of PointsPoint in third quadrantIn fourth quadrantIn VP and HP

Projection of LinesLine parallel to one or both planesLine on a plane

Projection of LinesLine perpendicular to one of the planes

Projection of LinesLine inclined to HP & parallel to VP

Projection of LinesLine parallel to HP & inclined to VP

Projection of LinesLine making θ with HP & φ with VP

Traces of LinesLine is parallel to any one palne

Traces of LinesLines inclined to both planes

Traces of LinesLines inclined to both planes

Naming convention1The line denoting the intersection of HP and VP is referenceline and denoted by xy, x1 y1 , x2 y2 .2All points in a plan or top view are denoted by smallalphabets. Any new position is denoted with suffix likea1 , a2 , a3 .3All points in an elevation or front view are denoted by smallalphabets with prime (‘). Any new position is denoted withsuffix like a1‘ , a2‘ , a3‘ .

Orthographic Projection When the projectors are parallel to each other and also perpendicular to the plane, the projection is called orthographic projection. 1 A plane of projection (POP) is a plane on which a particular view is projected. 2 Three such planes, perpendicular to each oth