The English Language: A Very Short Introduction
The English Language: A Very Short Introduction
VERY SHORT INTRODUCTIONS are for anyone wanting a stimulating and accessible way into a new subject. They are writtenby experts, and have been translated into more than 45 different languages.The series began in 1995, and now covers a wide variety of topics in every discipline. The VSI library now contains over 550volumes—a Very Short Introduction to everything from Psychology and Philosophy of Science to American History and Relativity—and continues to grow in every subject area.Very Short Introductions available now:ACCOUNTING Christopher NobesADOLESCENCE Peter K. SmithADVERTISING Winston FletcherAFRICAN AMERICAN RELIGION Eddie S. Glaude JrAFRICAN HISTORY John Parker and Richard RathboneAFRICAN RELIGIONS Jacob K. OluponaAGEING Nancy A. PachanaAGNOSTICISM Robin Le PoidevinAGRICULTURE Paul Brassley and Richard SoffeALEXANDER THE GREAT Hugh BowdenALGEBRA Peter M. HigginsAMERICAN HISTORY Paul S. BoyerAMERICAN IMMIGRATION David A. GerberAMERICAN LEGAL HISTORY G. Edward WhiteAMERICAN POLITICAL HISTORY Donald CritchlowAMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS L. Sandy MaiselAMERICAN POLITICS Richard M. ValellyTHE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY Charles O. JonesTHE AMERICAN REVOLUTION Robert J. AllisonAMERICAN SLAVERY Heather Andrea WilliamsTHE AMERICAN WEST Stephen AronAMERICAN WOMEN’S HISTORY Susan WareANAESTHESIA Aidan O’DonnellANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY Michael BeaneyANARCHISM Colin WardANCIENT ASSYRIA Karen RadnerANCIENT EGYPT Ian ShawANCIENT EGYPTIAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE Christina RiggsANCIENT GREECE Paul CartledgeTHE ANCIENT NEAR EAST Amanda H. PodanyANCIENT PHILOSOPHY Julia AnnasANCIENT WARFARE Harry SidebottomANGELS David Albert JonesANGLICANISM Mark ChapmanTHE ANGLO-SAXON AGE John BlairANIMAL BEHAVIOUR Tristram D. WyattTHE ANIMAL KINGDOM Peter Holland
ANIMAL RIGHTS David DeGraziaTHE ANTARCTIC Klaus DoddsANTISEMITISM Steven BellerANXIETY Daniel Freeman and Jason FreemanTHE APOCRYPHAL GOSPELS Paul FosterARCHAEOLOGY Paul BahnARCHITECTURE Andrew BallantyneARISTOCRACY William DoyleARISTOTLE Jonathan BarnesART HISTORY Dana ArnoldART THEORY Cynthia FreelandASIAN AMERICAN HISTORY Madeline Y. HsuASTROBIOLOGY David C. CatlingASTROPHYSICS James BinneyATHEISM Julian BagginiTHE ATMOSPHERE Paul I. PalmerAUGUSTINE Henry ChadwickAUSTRALIA Kenneth MorganAUTISM Uta FrithTHE AVANT GARDE David CottingtonTHE AZTECS Davíd CarrascoBABYLONIA Trevor BryceBACTERIA Sebastian G. B. AmyesBANKING John Goddard and John O. S. WilsonBARTHES Jonathan CullerTHE BEATS David SterrittBEAUTY Roger ScrutonBEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS Michelle BaddeleyBESTSELLERS John SutherlandTHE BIBLE John RichesBIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY Eric H. ClineBIG DATA Dawn E. HolmesBIOGRAPHY Hermione LeeBLACK HOLES Katherine BlundellBLOOD Chris CooperTHE BLUES Elijah WaldTHE BODY Chris ShillingTHE BOOK OF MORMON Terryl GivensBORDERS Alexander C. Diener and Joshua HagenTHE BRAIN Michael O’SheaBRANDING Robert JonesTHE BRICS Andrew F. CooperTHE BRITISH CONSTITUTION Martin LoughlinTHE BRITISH EMPIRE Ashley JacksonBRITISH POLITICS Anthony WrightBUDDHA Michael CarrithersBUDDHISM Damien KeownBUDDHIST ETHICS Damien KeownBYZANTIUM Peter Sarris
CALVINISM Jon BalserakCANCER Nicholas JamesCAPITALISM James FulcherCATHOLICISM Gerald O’CollinsCAUSATION Stephen Mumford and Rani Lill AnjumTHE CELL Terence Allen and Graham CowlingTHE CELTS Barry CunliffeCHAOS Leonard SmithCHEMISTRY Peter AtkinsCHILD PSYCHOLOGY Usha GoswamiCHILDREN’S LITERATURE Kimberley ReynoldsCHINESE LITERATURE Sabina KnightCHOICE THEORY Michael AllinghamCHRISTIAN ART Beth WilliamsonCHRISTIAN ETHICS D. Stephen LongCHRISTIANITY Linda WoodheadCIRCADIAN RHYTHMS Russell Foster and Leon KreitzmanCITIZENSHIP Richard BellamyCIVIL ENGINEERING David Muir WoodCLASSICAL LITERATURE William AllanCLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY Helen MoralesCLASSICS Mary Beard and John HendersonCLAUSEWITZ Michael HowardCLIMATE Mark MaslinCLIMATE CHANGE Mark MaslinCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Susan Llewelyn and Katie Aafjes-van DoornCOGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE Richard PassinghamTHE COLD WAR Robert McMahonCOLONIAL AMERICA Alan TaylorCOLONIAL LATIN AMERICAN LITERATURE Rolena AdornoCOMBINATORICS Robin WilsonCOMEDY Matthew BevisCOMMUNISM Leslie HolmesCOMPLEXITY John H. HollandTHE COMPUTER Darrel InceCOMPUTER SCIENCE Subrata DasguptaCONFUCIANISM Daniel K. GardnerTHE CONQUISTADORS Matthew Restall and Felipe Fernández-ArmestoCONSCIENCE Paul StrohmCONSCIOUSNESS Susan BlackmoreCONTEMPORARY ART Julian StallabrassCONTEMPORARY FICTION Robert EaglestoneCONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY Simon CritchleyCOPERNICUS Owen GingerichCORAL REEFS Charles SheppardCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Jeremy MoonCORRUPTION Leslie HolmesCOSMOLOGY Peter ColesCRIME FICTION Richard Bradford
CRIMINAL JUSTICE Julian V. RobertsCRITICAL THEORY Stephen Eric BronnerTHE CRUSADES Christopher TyermanCRYPTOGRAPHY Fred Piper and Sean MurphyCRYSTALLOGRAPHY A. M. GlazerTHE CULTURAL REVOLUTION Richard Curt KrausDADA AND SURREALISM David HopkinsDANTE Peter Hainsworth and David RobeyDARWIN Jonathan HowardTHE DEAD SEA SCROLLS Timothy H. LimDECOLONIZATION Dane KennedyDEMOCRACY Bernard CrickDEPRESSION Jan Scott and Mary Jane TacchiDERRIDA Simon GlendinningDESCARTES Tom SorellDESERTS Nick MiddletonDESIGN John HeskettDEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Lewis WolpertTHE DEVIL Darren OldridgeDIASPORA Kevin KennyDICTIONARIES Lynda MugglestoneDINOSAURS David NormanDIPLOMACY Joseph M. SiracusaDOCUMENTARY FILM Patricia AufderheideDREAMING J. Allan HobsonDRUGS Les IversenDRUIDS Barry CunliffeEARLY MUSIC Thomas Forrest KellyTHE EARTH Martin RedfernEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE Tim LentonECONOMICS Partha DasguptaEDUCATION Gary ThomasEGYPTIAN MYTH Geraldine PinchEIGHTEENTH‑CENTURY BRITAIN Paul LangfordTHE ELEMENTS Philip BallEMOTION Dylan EvansEMPIRE Stephen HoweENGELS Terrell CarverENGINEERING David BlockleyTHE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Simon HorobinENGLISH LITERATURE Jonathan BateTHE ENLIGHTENMENT John RobertsonENTREPRENEURSHIP Paul Westhead and Mike WrightENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS Stephen SmithENVIRONMENTAL LAW Elizabeth FisherENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS Andrew DobsonEPICUREANISM Catherine WilsonEPIDEMIOLOGY Rodolfo SaracciETHICS Simon Blackburn
ETHNOMUSICOLOGY Timothy RiceTHE ETRUSCANS Christopher SmithEUGENICS Philippa LevineTHE EUROPEAN UNION John Pinder and Simon UsherwoodEUROPEAN UNION LAW Anthony ArnullEVOLUTION Brian and Deborah CharlesworthEXISTENTIALISM Thomas FlynnEXPLORATION Stewart A. WeaverTHE EYE Michael LandFAIRY TALE Marina WarnerFAMILY LAW Jonathan HerringFASCISM Kevin PassmoreFASHION Rebecca ArnoldFEMINISM Margaret WaltersFILM Michael WoodFILM MUSIC Kathryn KalinakTHE FIRST WORLD WAR Michael HowardFOLK MUSIC Mark SlobinFOOD John KrebsFORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY David CanterFORENSIC SCIENCE Jim FraserFORESTS Jaboury GhazoulFOSSILS Keith ThomsonFOUCAULT Gary GuttingTHE FOUNDING FATHERS R. B. BernsteinFRACTALS Kenneth FalconerFREE SPEECH Nigel WarburtonFREE WILL Thomas PinkFREEMASONRY Andreas ÖnnerforsFRENCH LITERATURE John D. LyonsTHE FRENCH REVOLUTION William DoyleFREUD Anthony StorrFUNDAMENTALISM Malise RuthvenFUNGI Nicholas P. MoneyTHE FUTURE Jennifer M. GidleyGALAXIES John GribbinGALILEO Stillman DrakeGAME THEORY Ken BinmoreGANDHI Bhikhu ParekhGENES Jonathan SlackGENIUS Andrew RobinsonGEOGRAPHY John Matthews and David HerbertGEOPOLITICS Klaus DoddsGERMAN LITERATURE Nicholas BoyleGERMAN PHILOSOPHY Andrew BowieGLOBAL CATASTROPHES Bill McGuireGLOBAL ECONOMIC HISTORY Robert C. AllenGLOBALIZATION Manfred StegerGOD John Bowker
GOETHE Ritchie RobertsonTHE GOTHIC Nick GroomGOVERNANCE Mark BevirGRAVITY Timothy CliftonTHE GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE NEW DEAL Eric RauchwayHABERMAS James Gordon FinlaysonTHE HABSBURG EMPIRE Martyn RadyHAPPINESS Daniel M. HaybronTHE HARLEM RENAISSANCE Cheryl A. WallTHE HEBREW BIBLE AS LITERATURE Tod LinafeltHEGEL Peter SingerHEIDEGGER Michael InwoodTHE HELLENISTIC AGE Peter ThonemannHEREDITY John WallerHERMENEUTICS Jens ZimmermannHERODOTUS Jennifer T. RobertsHIEROGLYPHS Penelope WilsonHINDUISM Kim KnottHISTORY John H. ArnoldTHE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY Michael HoskinTHE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY William H. BrockTHE HISTORY OF CINEMA Geoffrey Nowell-SmithTHE HISTORY OF LIFE Michael BentonTHE HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS Jacqueline StedallTHE History of Medicine William BynumTHE HISTORY OF PHYSICS John L. HeilbronTHE HISTORY OF TIME Leofranc Holford‑StrevensHIV AND AIDS Alan WhitesideHOBBES Richard TuckHOLLYWOOD Peter DecherneyHOME Michael Allen FoxHORMONES Martin LuckHUMAN ANATOMY Leslie KlenermanHUMAN EVOLUTION Bernard WoodHUMAN RIGHTS Andrew ClaphamHUMANISM Stephen LawHUME A. J. AyerHUMOUR Noël CarrollTHE ICE AGE Jamie WoodwardIDEOLOGY Michael FreedenTHE IMMUNE SYSTEM Paul KlenermanINDIAN CINEMA Ashish RajadhyakshaINDIAN PHILOSOPHY Sue HamiltonTHE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Robert C. AllenINFECTIOUS DISEASE Marta L. Wayne and Benjamin M. BolkerINFINITY Ian StewartINFORMATION Luciano FloridiINNOVATION Mark Dodgson and David GannINTELLIGENCE Ian J. Deary
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Siva VaidhyanathanINTERNATIONAL LAW Vaughan LoweINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION Khalid KoserINTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Paul WilkinsonINTERNATIONAL SECURITY Christopher S. BrowningIRAN Ali M. AnsariISLAM Malise RuthvenISLAMIC HISTORY Adam SilversteinISOTOPES Rob EllamITALIAN LITERATURE Peter Hainsworth and David RobeyJESUS Richard BauckhamJEWISH HISTORY David N. MyersJOURNALISM Ian HargreavesJUDAISM Norman SolomonJUNG Anthony StevensKABBALAH Joseph DanKAFKA Ritchie RobertsonKANT Roger ScrutonKEYNES Robert SkidelskyKIERKEGAARD Patrick GardinerKNOWLEDGE Jennifer NagelTHE KORAN Michael CookLAKES Warwick F. VincentLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Ian H. ThompsonLANDSCAPES AND GEOMORPHOLOGY Andrew Goudie and Heather VilesLANGUAGES Stephen R. AndersonLATE ANTIQUITY Gillian ClarkLAW Raymond WacksTHE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS Peter AtkinsLEADERSHIP Keith GrintLEARNING Mark HaselgroveLEIBNIZ Maria Rosa AntognazzaLIBERALISM Michael FreedenLIGHT Ian WalmsleyLINCOLN Allen C. GuelzoLINGUISTICS Peter MatthewsLITERARY THEORY Jonathan CullerLOCKE John DunnLOGIC Graham PriestLOVE Ronald de SousaMACHIAVELLI Quentin SkinnerMADNESS Andrew ScullMAGIC Owen DaviesMAGNA CARTA Nicholas VincentMAGNETISM Stephen BlundellMALTHUS Donald WinchMAMMALS T. S. KempMANAGEMENT John HendryMAO Delia Davin
MARINE BIOLOGY Philip V. MladenovTHE MARQUIS DE SADE John PhillipsMARTIN LUTHER Scott H. HendrixMARTYRDOM Jolyon MitchellMARX Peter SingerMATERIALS Christopher HallMATHEMATICS Timothy GowersTHE MEANING OF LIFE Terry EagletonMEASUREMENT David HandMEDICAL ETHICS Tony HopeMEDICAL LAW Charles FosterMEDIEVAL BRITAIN John Gillingham and Ralph A. GriffithsMEDIEVAL LITERATURE Elaine TreharneMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY John MarenbonMEMORY Jonathan K. FosterMETAPHYSICS Stephen MumfordTHE MEXICAN REVOLUTION Alan KnightMICHAEL FARADAY Frank A. J. L. JamesMICROBIOLOGY Nicholas P. MoneyMICROECONOMICS Avinash DixitMICROSCOPY Terence AllenTHE MIDDLE AGES Miri RubinMILITARY JUSTICE Eugene R. FidellMILITARY STRATEGY Antulio J. Echevarria IIMINERALS David VaughanMIRACLES Yujin NagasawaMODERN ART David CottingtonMODERN CHINA Rana MitterMODERN DRAMA Kirsten E. Shepherd-BarrMODERN FRANCE Vanessa R. SchwartzMODERN INDIA Craig JeffreyMODERN IRELAND Senia PašetaMODERN ITALY Anna Cento BullMODERN JAPAN Christopher Goto-JonesMODERN LATIN AMERICAN LITERATURE Roberto González EchevarríaMODERN WAR Richard EnglishMODERNISM Christopher ButlerMOLECULAR BIOLOGY Aysha Divan and Janice A. RoydsMOLECULES Philip BallMONASTICISM Stephen J. DavisTHE MONGOLS Morris RossabiMOONS David A. RotheryMORMONISM Richard Lyman BushmanMOUNTAINS Martin F. PriceMUHAMMAD Jonathan A. C. BrownMULTICULTURALISM Ali RattansiMULTILINGUALISM John C. MaherMUSIC Nicholas CookMYTH Robert A. Segal
THE NAPOLEONIC WARS Mike RapportNATIONALISM Steven GrosbyNAVIGATION Jim BennettNELSON MANDELA Elleke BoehmerNEOLIBERALISM Manfred Steger and Ravi RoyNETWORKS Guido Caldarelli and Michele CatanzaroTHE NEW TESTAMENT Luke Timothy JohnsonTHE NEW TESTAMENT AS LITERATURE Kyle KeeferNEWTON Robert IliffeNIETZSCHE Michael TannerNINETEENTH‑CENTURY BRITAIN Christopher Harvie and H. C. G. MatthewTHE NORMAN CONQUEST George GarnettNORTH AMERICAN INDIANS Theda Perdue and Michael D. GreenNORTHERN IRELAND Marc MulhollandNOTHING Frank CloseNUCLEAR PHYSICS Frank CloseNUCLEAR POWER Maxwell IrvineNUCLEAR WEAPONS Joseph M. SiracusaNUMBERS Peter M. HigginsNUTRITION David A. BenderOBJECTIVITY Stephen GaukrogerOCEANS Dorrik StowTHE OLD TESTAMENT Michael D. CooganTHE ORCHESTRA D. Kern HolomanORGANIC CHEMISTRY Graham PatrickORGANIZATIONS Mary Jo HatchPAGANISM Owen DaviesPAIN Rob BoddiceTHE PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI CONFLICT Martin BuntonPANDEMICS Christian W. McMillenPARTICLE PHYSICS Frank ClosePAUL E. P. SandersPEACE Oliver P. RichmondPENTECOSTALISM William K. KayPERCEPTION Brian RogersTHE PERIODIC TABLE Eric R. ScerriPHILOSOPHY Edward CraigPHILOSOPHY IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD Peter AdamsonPHILOSOPHY OF LAW Raymond WacksPHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Samir OkashaPHOTOGRAPHY Steve EdwardsPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Peter AtkinsPILGRIMAGE Ian ReaderPLAGUE Paul SlackPLANETS David A. RotheryPLANTS Timothy WalkerPLATE TECTONICS Peter MolnarPLATO Julia AnnasPOLITICAL PHILOSOPHY David Miller
POLITICS Kenneth MinoguePOPULISM Cas Mudde and Cristóbal Rovira KaltwasserPOSTCOLONIALISM Robert YoungPOSTMODERNISM Christopher ButlerPOSTSTRUCTURALISM Catherine BelseyPREHISTORY Chris GosdenPRESOCRATIC PHILOSOPHY Catherine OsbornePRIVACY Raymond WacksPROBABILITY John HaighPROGRESSIVISM Walter NugentPROJECTS Andrew DaviesPROTESTANTISM Mark A. NollPSYCHIATRY Tom BurnsPSYCHOANALYSIS Daniel PickPSYCHOLOGY Gillian Butler and Freda McManusPSYCHOTHERAPY Tom Burns and Eva Burns-LundgrenPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Stella Z. Theodoulou and Ravi K. RoyPUBLIC HEALTH Virginia BerridgePURITANISM Francis J. BremerTHE QUAKERS Pink DandelionQUANTUM THEORY John PolkinghorneRACISM Ali RattansiRADIOACTIVITY Claudio TunizRASTAFARI Ennis B. EdmondsTHE REAGAN REVOLUTION Gil TroyREALITY Jan WesterhoffTHE REFORMATION Peter MarshallRELATIVITY Russell StannardRELIGION IN AMERICA Timothy BealTHE RENAISSANCE Jerry BrottonRENAISSANCE ART Geraldine A. JohnsonREVOLUTIONS Jack A. GoldstoneRHETORIC Richard ToyeRISK Baruch Fischhoff and John KadvanyRITUAL Barry StephensonRIVERS Nick MiddletonROBOTICS Alan WinfieldROCKS Jan ZalasiewiczROMAN BRITAIN Peter SalwayTHE ROMAN EMPIRE Christopher KellyTHE ROMAN REPUBLIC David M. GwynnROMANTICISM Michael FerberROUSSEAU Robert WoklerRUSSELL A. C. GraylingRUSSIAN HISTORY Geoffrey HoskingRUSSIAN LITERATURE Catriona KellyTHE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION S. A. SmithSAVANNAS Peter A. FurleySCHIZOPHRENIA Chris Frith and Eve Johnstone
SCHOPENHAUER Christopher JanawaySCIENCE AND RELIGION Thomas DixonSCIENCE FICTION David SeedTHE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Lawrence M. PrincipeSCOTLAND Rab HoustonSEXUALITY Véronique MottierSHAKESPEARE’S COMEDIES Bart van EsSHAKESPEARE’S SONNETS AND POEMS Jonathan F. S. PostSHAKESPEARE’S TRAGEDIES Stanley WellsSIKHISM Eleanor NesbittTHE SILK ROAD James A. MillwardSLANG Jonathon GreenSLEEP Steven W. Lockley and Russell G. FosterSOCIAL AND CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY John Monaghan and Peter JustSOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Richard J. CrispSOCIAL WORK Sally Holland and Jonathan ScourfieldSOCIALISM Michael NewmanSOCIOLINGUISTICS John EdwardsSOCIOLOGY Steve BruceSOCRATES C. C. W. TaylorSOUND Mike GoldsmithTHE SOVIET UNION Stephen LovellTHE SPANISH CIVIL WAR Helen GrahamSPANISH LITERATURE Jo LabanyiSPINOZA Roger ScrutonSPIRITUALITY Philip SheldrakeSPORT Mike CroninSTARS Andrew KingSTATISTICS David J. HandSTEM CELLS Jonathan SlackSTRUCTURAL ENGINEERING David BlockleySTUART BRITAIN John MorrillSUPERCONDUCTIVITY Stephen BlundellSYMMETRY Ian StewartTAXATION Stephen SmithTEETH Peter S. UngarTELESCOPES Geoff CottrellTERRORISM Charles TownshendTHEATRE Marvin CarlsonTHEOLOGY David F. FordTHINKING AND REASONING Jonathan St B. T. EvansTHOMAS AQUINAS Fergus KerrTHOUGHT Tim BayneTIBETAN BUDDHISM Matthew T. KapsteinTOCQUEVILLE Harvey C. MansfieldTRAGEDY Adrian PooleTRANSLATION Matthew ReynoldsTHE TROJAN WAR Eric H. ClineTRUST Katherine Hawley
THE TUDORS John GuyTWENTIETH‑CENTURY BRITAIN Kenneth O. MorganTHE UNITED NATIONS Jussi M. HanhimäkiTHE U.S. CONGRESS Donald A. RitchieTHE U.S. SUPREME COURT Linda GreenhouseUTILITARIANISM Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek and Peter SingerUNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES David Palfreyman and Paul TempleUTOPIANISM Lyman Tower SargentTHE VIKINGS Julian RichardsVIRUSES Dorothy H. CrawfordVOLTAIRE Nicholas CronkWAR AND TECHNOLOGY Alex RolandWATER John FinneyWEATHER Storm DunlopTHE WELFARE STATE David GarlandWILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Stanley WellsWITCHCRAFT Malcolm GaskillWITTGENSTEIN A. C. GraylingWORK Stephen FinemanWORLD MUSIC Philip BohlmanTHE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION Amrita NarlikarWORLD WAR II Gerhard L. WeinbergWRITING AND SCRIPT Andrew RobinsonZIONISM Michael StanislawskiAvailable soon:VETERINARY SCIENCE James YeatesORGANISED CRIME Georgios A. Antonopoulos and Georgios PapanicolaouTHE PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION Tim BayneFor more information visit our websitewww.oup.com/vsi/
Simon Horobin
THE ENGLISH LANGUAGEA Very Short Introduction
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United KingdomOxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research,scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and incertain other countries Simon Horobin 2016, 2018The moral rights of the author have been assertedFirst published in hardback as How English Became English 2016First published as a Very Short Introduction 2018Impression: 1All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by anymeans, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under termsagreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should besent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address aboveYou must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirerPublished in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States ofAmericaBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication DataData availableLibrary of Congress Control Number: 2017951766ISBN 978–0–19–870925–1ebook ISBN 978–0–19–101932–6Printed in Great Britain by Ashford Colour Press Ltd, Gosport, HampshireLinks to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for thematerials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.
For Jennifer, Lucy, Rachel, and Florence
ContentsAcknowledgementsList of illustrations1234567What is English?OriginsAuthoritiesStandardsVarietiesGlobal EnglishesWhy do we care?Further readingIndex
AcknowledgementsI am very grateful to Andrea Keegan who commissioned this book and to anonymous reviewers fortheir incisive comments on previous drafts. I also wish to thank Jenny Nugee, who provided muchhelpful guidance throughout the writing process. I am grateful to the President and Fellows ofMagdalen College, Oxford, for permission to reproduce MS lat. 105, and to Christine Ferdinand andJames Fishwick for their assistance. This book has benefited from the insights and advice ofnumerous friends and colleagues; in particular I wish to thank Deborah Cameron, who read the entirebook in draft and made many helpful suggestions, Lynda Mugglestone, Charlotte Brewer, JeremySmith, David Crystal, Tim Machan, and Seth Lerer. I am also grateful to my students, especially LucyDiver, Rosie Durkin, John Phipps, Molly Janz, Alice Richardson, Luc Rosenberg, Jack Solloway,Alice Theobald, and Alice Troy-Donovan, for many fruitful discussions of the issues raised herewhile I was writing this book. I alone remain responsible for the opinions and for any in
VERY SHORT INTRODUCTIONS are for anyone wanting a stimulating and accessible way into a new subject. They are written by experts, and have been translated into more than 45 different languages. The series began in 1995, and now covers a wide variety of topics in every discipline. The VSI library now contains over 550 volumes—a Very Short Introduction to everything from Psychology and .
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
