Jandy Valves Actuators - Pool Parts - INYOPools
Installation and Operating DataInstallation andOperating ManualJandy Valve ActuatorModel JVA2444WARNINGH0570800CFOR YOUR SAFETY - This product must be installed and serviced by authorized personnel,qualified in pool/spa installation. Improper installation and/or operation can create an unwantedelectrical hazard which can cause serious injury, property damage, or death. Improperinstallation and/or operation will void the warranty.This manual contains important information about the installation, operation and safe use ofthis product. This information should be given to the owner/operator of this equipment.
Page Table of ContentsSection 1. Safety Information. 4Section 5. Maintenance. 10Section 2. General Information. 55.1 Actuator. 105.2 Valve. 10Section 6. Troubleshooting. 112.1 Introduction. 52.2 Description. 5Section 3. JVA Mounting Positions. 53.1 Standard JVA Position. 53.2 Actuator Mounting . 6Section 3. Synchronization. 73.1 Synchronization Methods. 73.2 Resetting the Cams . . 7Section 4. Manual Operation. 94.14.24.3Manual Override. 9Manual Override, Power On. 9Manual Override, Power Off. 96.1 Troubleshooting. 11Section 7. Wiring Diagrams. 127.1 JVA Wiring Schematic 2444. 127.2 JVA's with Toggle Switch. 12Section 8. JVA Exploded View andReplacement Kits. 13Section 9. Jandy NeverLube Valve ExplodedView and Replacement Kits . 149.19.23 Port NeverLube Valve . . 142 Port NeverLube Valve . . 14Equipment Information RecordDate of InstallationINSTALLER INFORMATIONInitial Pressure Gauge Reading (with clean filter)Pump ModelHorsepowerFilter ModelSerial NumberCONTROL PANEL MODELSerial NumberNotes:
Page Section 1. Safety InformationIMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS PERTAINING TO A RISK OF FIRE,ELECTRIC SHOCK, OR INJURY TO PERSONSREAD AND FOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONSWhen installing and using this electrical equipment, basic safety precautions should always be followed,including the following:WARNINGThis product must be installed and serviced by authorized personnel, qualified in pool/spa installation.Improper installation and/or operation can create an unwanted electrical hazard which can cause seriousinjury, property damage, or death. Improper installation and/or operation will void the warranty.WARNINGThis manual contains important information about the installation, operation and safe use of this product.This information should be given to the owner/operator of this equipment.SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
Page Section 2. General InformationSection 3. JVA Mounting Positions2.13.1IntroductionThis manual contains information for the properinstallation and operation of Jandy ValveActuators (JVA). Procedures in this manual mustbe followed exactly. To obtain additional copies ofthis manual contact 707-776-8200, ext. 237. Foraddress information see back cover.2.2Standard JVA PositionStandard Plumbing position is with the middleport (B) as the incoming or common port to thevalve (see Figure 1).Remove thesefour (4) screws forStandard PositionDescriptionJandy Valve Actuators are designed to meet theneeds of today's more advanced, automatic poolequipment. These fully adjustable actuators offerversatile pool/spa automation with easy setups.All actuators work with the Jandy AquaLink RSControl Systems and are available in 24 volt units.JVA 2444 SpecificationsVoltage24 VACAmperage0.75 AMPSCycles60 HzWireBlackRedWhite3-conductorCommonSwitch LegSwitch LegACWater flow into orout of the valveB (Common Port)Figure 1. Standard PlumbingStandard Mounting position is with the mainbody of the actuator over port B (see Figure 2).NOTE If the valve(s) are plumbed with port B as thecommon port (Standard Plumbing) and themain body of the actuator(s) are mounted overport B (Standard Mounting), there is no need toadjust the actuator cams.ACB (Common Port)Figure 2. Standard JVA Mounting
Page 3.2Actuator MountingJVA’s mount directly on all full-size Jandy Valves(8 screws on lid) and can be adapted to mount onJandy Space Saver Valves (4 screws on lid). Jandyrecommends motorizing Jandy NeverLube Valvesonly.3.JVA’s may be mounted onto valves in any of thefour (4) positions in Figure 3.ITurn the actuator over so you can see intothe clear actuator shaft. There are four (4)"teeth" on the inside of the shaft. Locate thesmallest "tooth" and align this "tooth" withthe smallest slot on the valve (see Figure 5).Place actuator on valve so smallest toothaligns with smallest slot.IISmallest SlotAASmallest ToothCCBBIIIAActuatorBottomIVFigure 5. Actuator MountingCACB4.Place the actuator onto the valve.5.Rotate the actuator while keeping the twoshafts engaged until the screw holes on theactuator legs align with the empty screwholes (from step 2) in the valve (see Figure6).6.Use the four (4) large 2" Phillips headscrews (included with the JVA) to securethe JVA to the valve.7.Put the valve handle on the actuator shaft.Put the knob on the shaft and tighten(finger tighten only).BFigure 3. JVA Mounting Positions.1.Unscrew the locking knob by turningthe knob counterclockwise. Remove thelocking knob and valve handle (see Figure4).2.Remove the four (4) large Phillips headscrews from the valve. The location of thescrews you remove will determine how theactuator will be mounted (see Figure 4).Remove LockingKnob and HandleRemove the 4 LargePhillips Head ScrewsRotate valve or actuatorto align screw holesRotatevalveRotateactuatorFigure 4. Remove Locking Knob and Lid ScrewsFigure 6. Actuator Mounting
Page Section 3. SynchronizationWARNINGImproper cam settings can result in dead headingof the water flow which can cause injury orproperty damage. Improper cam settings and/oroperation will void the warranty.3.1ON 1Synchronization MethodsIf the valve is plumbed in the Standard Plumbingposition and the actuator is mounted in StandardMounting position, you do not have to change thecam settings from the factory settings. However,you may have to synchronize the cams.One of the following will occur when the actuatoris out of synchronization: the actuator will rotate in the wrong directionin relation to its controller (as in a solar heatingsystem) one actuator will rotate incorrectly in relation toanother actuator (as in pool/spa combination)Figure 7 illustrates an example of the valves andactuators of a pool/spa combination that are outof synchronization. The valve on the left of theillustration (suction) is plumbed with the spa lineon the left side of the valve and the pool line onthe right; whereas, the valve on the right of theillustration (return) is plumbed with the pool onthe left side of the valve and the spa on the right.In this configuration, if the actuators are activated,one will turn to spa while the other will turn topool. The actuators will have to be synchronized.SuctionSpaOn the actuator that is out of synchronization, flipthe toggle switch located on the bottom of theactuator to the ON 2 position (see Figure 8). Thetoggle positions are marked on the actuator topcover. Retry the system.OFFON 2Figure 8. JVA Synchronization, Toggle3.2Resetting the CamsNOTE Before resetting cams, if the valve is plumbed inStandard Plumbing position and the actuatoris in Standard Mounting position there is noneed for resetting the cams (see Figure 9). If aport other than "B" is plumbed as the commonport or if the actuator is mounted other thanStandard Mounting, the cam setting must bechanged so the actuator shaft and the valvediverter rotate properly. Refer to the CamSetting Chart on page 8 for proper settings.IAPoolIICACBBIIIAIVCAReturnPoolOn/Off Switch islocated on thebottom of the JVACBSpaBFigure 9. JVA Mounting Positions.Figure 7. JVA Synchronization, Example1.Turn OFF actuator power. Unscrewthe locking knob by turning the knobcounterclockwise. Remove the lockingknob and valve handle.2.Remove the four (4) Phillips head screwsthat secure the actuator lid and then removethe lid.
Page 3.Important - Rotate the actuator shaft sothe arrow mark on the top cam aligns withthe microswitch actuator (bottom camarrow mark should also align with thebottom microswitch actuator, see Figure10). Locate the mounting position for theactuator (as per Figure 9, the mountingposition will be either I, II, III, or IV). Next,determine what valve port is the common orinlet port (as per Figure 9, the common portwill be either A, B, or C). Then refer to theCam Setting Chart below to determine whatthe cam settings should be. For example, ifthe actuator is in JVA mounting position "I",and the common port on the valve is port"A", the cam settings would be 90 for thetop cam and 180 for the bottom.NOTE The cam is marked with the arrow at "0", a longhash mark at the 180 position, and 2 shorthash marks at the 90 and 270 positions.4.To set the cams, rotate the cam(s) until thearrow mark on the cam(s) align with themicroswitch actuator (see Figure 11).Note The upper cam stops counterclockwise rotationand the lower cam stops clockwise rotation.5.Turn power ON to the actuator and use thetoggle switch located on the bottom of theactuator to check rotation. Move the toggleswitch to either ON 1 or ON 2. Allow theactuator shaft to move until it stops. Checkvalve diverter position*, if the position iscorrect flip the toggle switch in the oppositedirection and allow the shaft to stop again.If the stop positions are correct, go tostep 6. If they are not, reset the cams untilcorrect.Final minor adjustments may be necessaryLowerCamUpperCamNote If the actuator does not move in either direction,refer to Section 6, Troubleshooting.180 6.00270 LeftMicroswitch90 0 RightMicroswitchReplace the lid and tighten screws. Replacethe handle and locking knob.Note The end of the handle which has the word OFFembossed on it exactly duplicates the shape ofthe valve diverter. When the handle is placed ona valve or actuator shaft the word OFF will bedirectly over the center of the valve diverter.Figure 10. JVA CamsCam Setting ChartNOTE Before resetting cams, always rotate the actuator shaft so the arrow mark on each cam aligns with the pointerabove its microswitch.ActuatorMountingWater Enters PortCommon PortCam SettingTop CamBottom CamWater Exits 70AB*IVA0270BCIVB180180ACIVC2700AB*Two Port Valve Settings
Page Rotate CamsFigure 11. JVA Cam Adjustment4.31.2.Unscrew (counterclockwise) the lockingknob above the handle four (4) full turns.3.Push down on the locking knob (not thehandle). This will disengage the gear trainand allow the handle, and thus the valvediverter, to be moved to any position.4.To return the actuator to automatic position,pull up on the handle while turning itclockwise or counterclockwise until youfeel the shaft slide up into the gear train.Turn the locking knob down (clockwise)until snug.5.Put toggle switch back to the originalposition.Section 4. Manual Operation4.1Manual OverrideIt is sometimes necessary to rotate a valve(s)without using the system controller. This occurswhen the controller is not accessible/operationalor when the spa or pool/spa combination requirefilling or draining.There are two (2) methods of manually rotatingthe JVA; one with power on (system operational)and one with power off (no power to the controlsystem).4.21.Manual Override, Power OnMove the toggle switch located on thebottom of the actuator to the oppositeposition (ON 1 switch to ON 2 or viceversa). This will rotate the motor to theopposite position.2.Return the toggle switch to the originalposition after use.ON 1OFFOn/Off Switch ison Bottom of JVAON 2Figure 12. JVA Synchronization, ToggleCAUTIONTo prevent damage to your equipment and tominimize the possibility of any injury resulting fromsuch damage, make sure that the pool filtration pumpis OFF BEFORE rotating the valve handle.Manual Override, Power OffMove toggle switch located on the bottomof actuator to the OFF (center) position.
Page 10Section 5. Maintenance7.Turn handle once around to spread thelubricant.5.18.Pull up on the handle and tighten lockingknob.ActuatorThe JVA has three seals which should be lubricatedonce a year. One o-ring is located on the bottomof the actuator where the plastic shaft exits thehousing and two (2) O-rings located in the topcover near where the shaft exits the top of thehousing. Use the following steps to lubricate theseals:1.Turn OFF power to the actuator.2.Remove the locking knob and handle (seeFigure 13).Unscrew LockingKnob and removehandle5.2Note This section does not apply to Jandy NeverLubeValves and non-positive seal valves. NeverLubeValves and non-positive seal valves can beidentified by the absence of a grease cap.NeverLube Valves can also be identified by thename "NeverLube" on the handle.Since the actuator rotates the valve diverter whichredirects the flow of water, it is imperative thatthe seals and the O-rings within the valve body belubricated often (at least every three (3) months).Use the following procedure to lubricate the valvediverter seals:1.Turn off all pool/spa equipment.2.Rotate valve handle so the OFF on thehandle is over the word GREASE on thevalve body.3.Unscrew (counterclockwise) and removethe black cap of the grease fitting.4.Fill cap with lubricant (Jandy Lube).5.Replace cap on fitting and turn in(clockwise) until all of the lubricant hasbeen forced into the valve.6.Use manual operation to move the handlefrom side to side to spread the lubricantacross the seal.7.Reset the valve handle to its originalposition and start the equipment.Lubricate HereJVAMAUM2444XIMTORQUEFigure 13. JVA Shaft Seal3.Spread a small amount of Jandy Lube orother silicone base lubricant around theactuator shaft just above the lock out ring(see Figure 13).4.Reinstall handle and locking knob. Onlytighten knob one (1) turn.5.Push down on the locking knob to force theactuator shaft into manual.6.Wipe a small amount of lubricant aroundthe actuator shaft where it protrudes fromthe bottom of the actuator.ValveOnce a year the valve should be disassembled andthe O-ring and valve body inspected for damage.Thoroughly lubricate the square seal and the Oring. Reassemble the valve.
Page 11Section 6. Troubleshooting6.1TroubleshootingAll major components, including the power cord, are replaceable without replacing the entire actuator. Eachitem may be replaced as a separate piece allowing easy infield repair. See Section 8, Exploded Views andReplacement Kits, for actuator replacement part numbers.ProblemActuator handle oscillates.CauseLack of valve seal lubrication.Obstruction in valve body.Actuator motor works but the valvediverter does not turn.A). Actuator shaft broken.Note On a pool/spa combination,B). Valve diverter broken.the problem would be spa draining or C). Actuator in manual position.overflowing.D). Gear train damaged.Actuator motor does not turn.A) No power to the actuator.B) Toggle switch in OFF position.Actuator rotates in one direction butnot back again.Water inside valve actuator.C) Motor has failed.D) Failed or broken microswitch.E) Both cams in contact with theirmicroswitches.A) Broken or damaged micro-switch.B) Bad connection(s).C) Bad control relay switch.D) Broken wire.Damaged seals.Solution/CheckLubricate valve.Remove actuator and valve lid andinspect.A). Replace actuator shaft. Refer toShaft Replacement Kitinstructions for disassembly.B). Replace valve diverter.C). Pull up on the handle whilerotating counterclockwise.D). Refer to Gear Replacement Kitinstructions for disassembly.A) Check voltage between black(common) wire and each switchleg (red then white)B) Move toggle switch to AUTOposition.C) Replace motor.D) Replace microswitch.E) Check Cam Setting section.A) Replace microswitch.B) Check all connections.C) At the power source check theoperation of the control relay orswitch.D) Check red and white wires.Replace top lid and grease seals.
Page 12Section 7. Wiring Diagrams7.1JVA Wiring Schematic 2444WARNINGDisconnect power to the system at the main circuitbreaker before servicing to avoid risk of electric shockwhich can result in property damage, severe injury ordeath. All wiring must be done in accordance with theNational Electric Code (NEC), NFPA-70. In Canada,all wiring must be done in accordance with theCanadian Electric Code (CSA C22.1). All applicablelocal installation codes and regulations must befollowed.Bottom CamMotorConnector toPCB HeaderTop CamMotorConnector toPCB HeaderCAUTIONTo avoid damage to the equipment and minimizerisk of injury, use a properly sized, listed Class 2transformer for connection to the power supply.PCB Header forMotor WiringJVA's with Toggle SwitchThis diagram is for two (2) JVA 2444s.To operate more JVA's, additional poles and a higheramperage fuse are needed. Do not double lug the JVAswitch leg wires (red and white wires).Transformer*120 VACPrimary(120 VAC)HotSecondary(24 VAC)RED1 ampfuse120 VACWHITEBLACKLoadTransformer*2 ampfuseNormally ClosedCommonNormally OpenREDTimeClockPrimary(120 VAC)LineDouble Pole/Double ThrowToggle SwitchThis diagram is for a single JVA 2444.To operate more JVA's, additional poles and a higheramperage fuse are needed. Do not double lug the JVAswitch leg wires (red and white wires).NeutralSecondary(24 VAC)7C. JVA's with Time ClockNeutral7.2Wiring for ToggleSwitch UnderneathCircuit BoardBLACKNormally ClosedCommonNormally OpenWHITEOFFOFFJVA 2442444JVA 2444MAXIMUM TORQUEMAXIMUM TORQUESingle Pole/Double ThrowRelayCoil Voltage: 120 VACREDWHITEBLACKOFFJVA 2444Jandy Valve ActuatorJandy Valve ActuatorMAXIMUM TORQUEJandy Valve Actuator* Transformer must be sized for the number of JVA's.Each JVA requires .75 amp. at 24 VAC.* Transformer must be sized for the number of JVA's.Each JVA requires .75 amp. at 24 VAC.
Page 13Section 8. JVA Exploded View and Replacement KitsDwg.#Kit 800R0411900R0441700R0408500R0408600333, 73, 81111176111153,833311113414Motor KitScrew, #8 x 5/8"Motor 24V, w/Wire andConnector81, 2, 3PCB w/Toggle Switch KitPCB Sub-Assy, 24V w/PCB,w/Toggle Switch, LockWasher and Nut7281112111Cable Kit, 75'O-ring, Strain ReliefWasher, Strain ReliefCap, Strain ReliefPower Cord, 75' w/3-pinConnector61, 2Cable Kit, 20'O-ring, Strain ReliefWasher, Strain ReliefCap, Strain ReliefPower Cord, 20' w/3-pinConnector521241Gear KitPrimary GearSecondary GearLarge Pinion GearOutput GearHousing, Bottom w/3 Pins51, 2Center Plate KitO-ringScrew, #8 x 5/8"BridgeTop Cam (Clear)Bottom Cam (Textured)MicroswitchCenter PlateOutput Shaft, ThreadedSpring, JVA41244Top Housing KitGasketO-ringScrew, #8 x 5/8"Housing, Top31JVA Gasket and Screw KitGasketO-ring,Screw, #14 x 2"Screw, #8 x 5/8"2Qty.113Cam and Microswitch KitTop Cam (Clear)Bottom Cam (Textured)Microswitch6112
Page 14Section 9. Jandy NeverLube ValveExploded View andReplacement Kits9.13 Port NeverLube ValveDwg.#R-Kit#Description11298Screw, #14 x ¾", Valve Housing24603Knob, ABS, Black34733Handle, NeverLube, Black44606Cover, 3 Port, Black51132O-ring, -151, Valve Cover61307O-ring, -116, Valve Shaft7or47284730Housing, 1½"-2", 3 Port, BlackHousing, 2"-2½", 3 Port, Black84720NeverLube Diverter Kit1234658719.222 Port NeverLube ValveDwg.#R-Kit#Description11298Screw, #14 x ¾", Valve Housing24603Knob, ABS, Black34733Handle, NeverLube, Black44734Cover, 2 Port, Black51132O-ring, -151, Valve Cover61307O-ring, -116, Valve Cover7or47274729Housing, 1½"-2", 2 Port, BlackHousing, 2"-2½", 2 Port, Black84720NeverLube Diverter Kit346587
Page 15NOTES
LIMITED WARRANTYThank you for purchasing Jandy pool and spa products. Jandy Pool Products, Inc. warrants all parts to be freefrom manufacturing defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of retailpurchase, with the following exceptions: AquaLink RS units installed with Jandy Surge Protection Kits will be covered for two years. NeverLube valves are warranted for the life of pool and/or spa on which they were originally installed.TM AquaPure Electronic Chlorine Generator Electrolytic Cells carry a 5 year limited warranty on a prorated basis.This warranty is limited to the first retail purchaser, is not transferable, and does not apply to products that havebeen moved from their original installation sites. The liability of Jandy Pool Products, Inc. shall not exceed therepair or replacement of defective parts and does not include any costs for labor to remove and reinstall thedefective part, transportation to or from the factory, and any other materials required to make the repair. Thiswarranty does not cover failures or malfunctions resulting from the following:1. Failure to properly install, operate or maintain the product(s) in accordance with our published Installation,Operation and Maintenance Manuals provided with the product(s).2. The workmanship of any installer of the product(s).3. Not maintaining a proper chemical balance in your pool and/or spa [pH level between 7.2 and 7.8, TotalAlkalinity (TA) between 80 to 120 ppm, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) less than 2000 not including salt ppm].4. Abuse, alteration, accident, fire, flood, lightning, rodents, insects, negligence or acts of God.5. Scaling, freezing, or other conditions causing inadequate water circulation.6. Operating the product(s) at water flow rates outside the published minimum and maximum specifications.7. Use of non-factory authorized parts or accessories in conjunction with the product(s).8. Chemical contamination of combustion air or improper use of sanitizing chemicals, such as introducingsanitizing chemicals upstream of the heater and cleaner hose or through the skimmer.9. Overheating; incorrect wire runs; improper electrical supply; collateral damage caused by failure of O-Rings,DE grids, or cartridge elements; or damage caused by running the pump with insufficient quantities of water.LIMITATION OF LIABILITY:This is the only warranty given by Jandy Pool Products, Inc. No one is authorized to make any other warrantieson behalf of Jandy Pool Products, Inc. THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES,EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNESSFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND MERCHANTABILITY. JANDY POOL PRODUCTS, INC. EXPRESSLYDISCLAIMS AND EXCLUDES ANY LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT ORPUNITIVE DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTY. This warranty givesyou specific legal rights. You may also have other rights which vary by state or province.H0570800CWARRANTY CLAIMS:For prompt warranty consideration, contact your dealer and provide the following information: proof of purchase,model number, serial number and date of installation. The installer will contact the factory for instructionsregarding the claim and to determine the location of the nearest designated service center. If the dealer is notavailable, you can locate a service center in your area by visiting www.jandy.com or by calling our technicalsupport department at (707) 776-8200 extension 260. All returned parts must have a Returned MaterialAuthorization number to be evaluated under the terms of this warranty.Jandy Pool Products, Inc.6000 Condor Drive Moorpark, CA USA 93021 707.776.8200 Fax 707.763.7785LithoininU.S.A.U.S.A. JandyWaterpikLithoPool TechnologiesProducts, Inc.04010508
Jandy Valve Actuators are designed to meet the needs of today's more advanced, automatic pool equipment. These fully adjustable actuators offer versatile pool/spa automation with easy setups. All actuators work with the Jandy AquaLink RS Control Systems and are available in 24 volt units. JVA 2444 Specifications Voltage 2 VAC Amperage 0.75 AMPS
4. Enable the solar at the Jandy controller. For instructions on how to program both the Jandy PDA, Jandy All Button controller and the Jandy One Touch controller, see the last three pages of this paper. 5. Adjust the desired pool temperature setting on the Jandy controller 6. Ensure the clock on the Jandy controller reflects the correct time .
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Circuit symbols - A description of symbols to BS2917 and ISO1219 The design, operation and application of pneumatic actuators and valves - including: compact actuators ISO actuators VDMA actuators rod-less actuators cushioning actuators manual valves mechanical valves pilot valves electrically operated valves
Pool deck equipment Pool main drain piping Pool filter system Pool surge tank Pool water treatment equipment Pool area HVAC system This Report provides a summary of concerns noted and improvement considerations. Photographs may be found in Appendix A for reference. Photos 1 and 2 provide an overall view of the pool room.
DeZURIK rotary diaphragm actuators are available for use on rotary control valves including: V-Port Ball Valves BHP High Performance Butterfly Valves RCV Rotary Control Valves The common ISO-5211/1 bolt pattern allows the actuators to be easily interchanged on these rotary control valves.
Jandy products for these applications. note “Fresh water swimming pools and spas” include systems that utilize saltwater chlorine generator units, such as the Jandy AquaPure Electronic Chlorine Generator. Please ensure that the salt content of the pool/spa does not exceed 4000 pp
4 Section Pages Argus Atomac Automax Deutsche Audco Durco McCANNA 3-Piece Ball Valves 6 - 9 One Piece Threaded Valves 9 Flanged Ball Valves 10 - 14 One-Piece Butt Weld Valves 15 Top Entry Valves 15 Butterfly Valves 16 Non-lubricated Plug Valves 17 - 19 Lined Valves and Accessories 20 - 24 Check Valves 25 Gate Valves 25 Rotary Contro
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING : MEANING, NATURE AND ROLE OF ACCOUNTING STRUCTURE 1.0 Objective 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Origin and Growth of Accounting 1.3 Meaning of Accounting 1.4 Distinction between Book-Keeping and Accounting 1.5 Distinction between Accounting and Accountancy 1.6 Nature of Accounting 1.7 Objectives of Accounting 1.8 Users of Accounting Information 1.9 Branches of Accounting 1.10 Role .
