English Year 8 Noughts And Crosses Term 6
EnglishNoughts and CrossesYear 8Term 6Your teacher will tell you which topic you should revise. Read and learn all the information in the topic, ready for a Quiz in lesson.Topic 1: Callum Callum Ryan McGregor is a Nought, he is the son of Ryan and Meggie McGregor.Male protagonist in the novel.Callum has grown up in a lower-class background, however he dreams of a better future.He joins a traditional Cross school: Heathcroft School.Callum is determined to be somebody important and to make a difference.He falls in love with Sephy from a young age.He is strong-minded, smart and wishes that Noughts and Crosses could be equal (even though he has many reasons to hateCrosses).Callum is a very passionate person which becomes clear due to the way he reacts to certain events. For example, when hisfather is killed, he feels not just grief at the loss of his father but extreme anger towards the Crosses at the injustice of hisdeath.He isn’t afraid to risk his life for what he believes in, shown by him joining the Liberation Militia.Callum, at a very young age, has to make difficult decisions about his future.He has an eagerness to learn and is determined to get an education; despite how hard it was because of the colour of his skin.He cares about the feelings of others and his speech is filled with bitter humour.Key quotations: “Once I had a proper education behind me, no-one could turn around and say 'You're not smart enough or good enough!' Noone.”“You're on the inside, Sephy. I'm not.”"Dreams of living in a world with no more discrimination, no more prejudice, a fair police force, an equal justice system,equality of education, equality of life, a level playing field."
EnglishNoughts and CrossesYear 8Term 6Your teacher will tell you which topic you should revise. Read and learn all the information in the topic, ready for a Quiz in lesson.Topic 2: Sephy Her full name is Persphone Hadley.Female protagonist in the novel.Daughter of Jasmine and Kamal Hadley – a powerful couple in society.Sephy belongs to a wealthy, privileged and powerful Cross family – the complete opposite to Callum’s.Sephy is naïve throughout the novel as she never fully understands what is happening around her.She also continuously dwells on the way she feels about the situations around her, proving how she is initially a self-centredcharacter.She is an optimistic character who believes life will work out well – she is sheltered from the challenges in life and thereforecannot see the real negatives that can happen.Sephy’s intentions are always good, however her plans to help people usually don't work out. An example of this was when shearrived at Callum's sister's funeral, hoping to show the McGregors her support. But instead, they got angry at a Cross beingthere and kicked her out.She cares deeply for Callum and wants the same things he does.However, Sephy struggles to make a difference in the world, despite her high status.Key quotations: "And with a proper education behind me, nothing could stand in the way of me and Sephy.”"You're behaving like animals! Worse than animals. Like blankers."“We have to help that girl she's hurt.”“I couldn’t remember when I’d felt more at peace.”
EnglishNoughts and CrossesYear 8Term 6Your teacher will tell you which topic you should revise. Read and learn all the information in the topic, ready for a Quiz in lesson.Topic 3: SettingsSephy's Private Beach."It shone like a shattered mirror, each fragment reflecting and dazzling. It never ceased to amaze me just how beautiful the sand andthe sea and the gentle breeze on my face could be. My family's private beach was my favourite place in the whole world. Kilometresof coastline that was all ours, with just a couple of signs declaring that it was private property and some old wooden fencing at eachend, through which Callum and I had made a gap." The beach symbolises peace and tranquillity as this is a private place to escape the struggles of life.It allows Callum and Sephy to be free from discrimination and prejudice.Sephy allows her mind to drift away here, allowing herself to slip into a sense of peace and meditation.Sephy's House."My parents' country house. Seven bedrooms and five reception rooms for four people. What a waste. Four people in such a vasthouse - four lonely peas rolling about in a can. We were still some distance from it but it rose like an all-seeing giant above us." The house dominates the hillside, making all buildings around it look minimal.It expresses Sephy's idea of the house being unnecessarily large, and that most of the space provided was not needed.It is an expensive, but bland house.It portrays how the family put quantity of materialistic items over quality of family relationships.Callum's House."There was no hall or passageway with rooms leading off it like in Sephy's house. As soon as you opened our front door,there was our living room with its fifth-hand threadbare nylon carpet and its seventh-hand cloth sofa. The only thing in theroom that was worth a damn was the oaken table." The house is very cramped; it is a rundown old shack with a minimal amount of worn furniture. It installs in the heart of the reader a feeling of sympathy for Callum. The vocabulary used provides a stark contrast to Sephy’s home.
EnglishSupport and 17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.Year 8Term 6VocabularyWider Analytical1. Watch the ‘Noughts and Crosses’ televisionseries on BBC iPlayer (be careful – the eventsaren’t completely identical to the w992/noughts-crosses2. osses/3. Further books by Malorie Blackman:Knife EdgeCheckmateDouble CrossBoys Don’t CryChasing the StarsPig-Heart BoyThiefCrossfire4. Research Martin Luther King's stance onviolence and his campaign to gain equality insouthern American states.5. Who was Stephen Lawrence? Find out whohe was and the reaction to his case. Thinkabout how this impacted the writing of‘Noughts and Crosses’.Apply1.Watch the BBC TV series ‘Noughts and Crosses’ and compare theevents to the novel.2. When you reach the end of the novel, write a review of the book.3. Write a diary entry from the point of view of Callum. What wouldyou be thinking during his time at school?4. ‘Noughts and Crosses’ has been described as being “one of the mostimportant books of our time”. Why do you think this is an accuratedescription of the novel?5. Imagine you are a parent of a Nought or Cross student at HeathcroftHigh. Write a letter to the school board about your feelingsregarding integration.6. Write an article for school newspaper with the title: Can violentprotest ever be justified?7. Read the poem “Nothing’s Changed” and identify the links betweenthe poem and the novel.8. The Sunday Times states that the book ‘inspires the reader to wishfor a world that is not divided by colour or class. Do you agree?Does the book feel inspiring in this way to you?
MathsAlgebraYear 8Term 6Your teacher will tell you which topic you should revise. Read and learn all the information in the topic, ready for a Quiz in lesson.Topic 1: SequencesWhat is a sequence?Number sequences are sets of numbers that follow a pattern or a rule. If the rule is to add or subtract a number each time, it is called an arithmetic sequence. If the ruleis to multiply or divide by a number each time, it is called a geometric sequence. Each number in a sequence is called a term. A sequence which increases or decreases bythe same amount each time is called a linear sequence.Term to term rulesThe term to term rule of a sequence describes how to get from one term to the next. Example 1: Write down the term to term rule and then work out the nexttwo terms in the following sequence. 3, 7, 11, 15 Firstly, work out the difference in the terms. This sequence is going up by four each time, so add 4 on to the last term tofind the next term in the sequence. 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, . To work out the term to term rule, give the starting number of the sequence and then describe the pattern ofthe numbers. The first number is 3. The term to term rule is 'add 4'. Once the first term and term to term rule are known, all the terms in the sequence can be found.Special sequencesSequences are a string of numbers. When a sequence has a unique pattern to it, we call it a special sequence. You can even think of our number line, our countingnumbers, as a special sequence. You learned it when you were little, so you can count - one, two, three, and so on. What is the pattern to our counting numbers? Ourcounting numbers have the pattern that each number is equal to the previous number plus one. Besides our counting numbers, there are actually quite a few specialsequences out there. One particularly interesting and widely studied sequence is the Fibonacci sequence: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8.here we can calculate the next value in thesequence by adding the two previous terms. In a repeating definition, each term in the sequence is defined in terms of one or more of its predecessors. Another verycommon sequence is 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 the sequence of square numbers. This sequence can be defined with the simple formula an n2. Another sequence is the sequenceof prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13. Mathematicians have searched for centuries for a formula which would generate this sequence, but no such formula has ever beenfound.Nth termThe 'nth' term is a formula with 'n' in it which enables you to find any term of a sequence without having to go up from one term to the next.'n' stands for the term number so to find the 50th term we would just substitute 50 in the formula in place of 'n'. Constant Difference Sequences are sequences wherethe difference between terms is always the same. For example: 1, 4, 7, 10 . This has a difference which is always 3. How do you find the formula for the 'nth' term? Well,the three times table has the formula '3n' and the terms in this sequence are two less than the terms in the three times table, so the formula is '3n - 2'. You can always findthe 'nth term' by using this formula: nth term dn (a - d), Where d is the difference between the terms, a is the first term and n is the term number. For example: 6, 11,16, 21.for this sequence d 5, a 6. So, the formula is nth term 5n (6 - 5), which becomes nth term 5n 1
MathsAlgebraYear 8Term 6Your teacher will tell you which topic you should revise. Read and learn all the information in the topic, ready for a Quiz in lesson.Topic 2: EquationsTwo-step equationsRemember that the goal in solving any equation is to get the variable, the unknown, by itself on one side of the equation. Sometimes, you can solve an equation in justone step: y 4 12. To solve, we subtract 4 from each side to get the variable (y) by itself. y 4 - 4 12 – 4. y 8. That example only took one step. But that doesn'talways work. Consider an equation like this: 3x-12 9. To solve this equation, you would first have to move the -12 to the other side of the equation. You do this byadding 12 to each side. 3x - 12 12 9 12. As long as you add the same amount to each side, the equation will still be true, when you add 12 to each side, theequation now becomes: 3x 21. That was the first step! Now, you just have one more step left to solve the equation. Because the variable (x) is multiplied by 3 in thisequation, you need to divide each side by three: 3x/3 21/3. When you divide each side by 3, you have solved the equation! x 7. Because this linear equation took twosteps to reach the solution, it is called a two-step linear equation.Solving equations with bracketsIf you are given an equation with brackets, to solve it is to multiply out the bracketsfirst. Follow the example below:Solve the equation: 2(a 5) 16.Step 1. Multiply out the brackets and remember that everything inside the brackets willget multiplied by 2. 2 a 2 5 16. You get: 2a 10 16.Step 2. Next, do the inverse of 10, so subtract 10 from both sides. 2a 10 - 10 16 –10. So 2a 6.Step 3. To find out what a is you need to do the inverse of multiplying by 2 which isdividing by 2. So a 3Simultaneous equationsWe can find solutions to simultaneous equations graphically and algebraically. In thissection, we will focus on finding the solution to a simultaneous equation algebraically.There are two common methods. Which one you choose might depend on the valuesinvolved or it might just be the method you like the most. We will use the same pair ofequations as above.
MathsAlgebraYear 8Term 6Your teacher will tell you which topic you should revise. Read and learn all the information in the topic, ready for a Quiz in lesson.Topic 3: InequalitiesWhat are inequalitiesAn inequality compares two values, showing if one is less than, greater than, or simply not equal to anothervalue.(a b says that a is not equal to b) (a b says that a is equal to b) (a b says that a is less than b) (a b saysthat a is greater than b and these two are known as strict inequality) (a b means that a is less than or equal tob) (a b means that a is greater than or equal to b).Expressing inequalities on a number lineThe symbols used play a huge part in expressing these inequalities on a number line. If the symbols are morethan or less than, the circle over the number is hollow. If the symbols are more than or equal to or less than orequal to then the circle over the number is shaded. This is a crucial piece of information when expressinginequalities on a number line.Solving inequalitiesIf an inequality isn't as straightforward as x a, or x a, you will need to rearrange the inequality to be ableto solve it. We rearrange inequalities in almost exactly the same way as we solve equations, but alwayskeeping the inequality in place of the sign.Example: Solve the inequality: 5y 1 26First, you need to get the y values on their own, so subtract 1 from each side to give:5y 25To find y, divide both sides by 5 to give:y 5When the question asks you to solve the inequality, your answer should be an inequality – a range of values that satisfy the inequality in the question. Solving linearinequalities is very similar to solving linear equations, except for one small but important detail: you flip the inequality sign whenever you multiply or divide the inequalityby a negative. For example: -2x 4. When we solve this, we must flip the symbol in the answer: x -2. This often seems unreasonable to students the first time they see it.But think about inequalities with numbers in there, instead of variables. You know that the number four is larger than the number two: 4 2. Multiplying through thisinequality by –1, we get –4 –2. If we hadn't flipped the inequality, we would have ended up with "–4 –2", which clearly isn't true.
MathsSupport and Wider ences.htmlSolving olving-equations.htmlSimultaneous ualities.htmlYear 8Term 6Apply1. Solve: 2a – 5 192. Solve: 4c 6 183. Here are the first five terms of a number sequence. 3 8 13 18 23. Writedown the next two terms of the sequence.4. Here are the first five terms of a number sequence. 126 122 118 114 110.Write down the next two terms of the number sequence.5. Here are the first five terms of a number sequence. 3 7 11 15 19. (a) Workout the 8th term of the number sequence. (b) Write down an expression,in terms of n, for the nth term of the number sequence.6. The first five terms of an arithmetic sequence are 2 9 16 23 30. Find, interms of n, an expression for the nth term of this sequence.7. Solve the simultaneous equations: 3x 2y 44x 5y 178. Solve the simultaneous equations: 3x 7y 264x 5y 139. Solve the inequality: 7y - 34 810. Solve the inequality: 4x 1 11
ScienceEarthYear 8Term 6Your teacher will tell you which topic you should revise. Read and learn all the information in the topic, ready for a Quiz in lesson.Topic 1: Climate and Earth ResourcesThe Earth’s atmosphereThe Earth’s atmosphere is the relatively thin layer of gases that surround the planet.The three most abundant gases (the ones with the highest percentages) in theatmosphere are all elements: 78% nitrogen, N2, 21% oxygen, O2 and 0.9% argon, AR.The remaining gases are found in much smaller proportions. These include carbondioxide (0.04%) and water vapour (which varies) and other gases (found in traces).Fossil Fuels-Carbon cycle The amount of carbon onEarth is fixed.The carbon cycle is theprocess by which carbonatoms are naturallyrecycled through livingand non-living things.Carbon in carbon dioxideis released by respirationand combustion into theatmosphere.Carbon can also be storedin fossil fuels, trees,oceans and in the soil.Carbon as carbon dioxidegas in the atmospherecontributes to thegreenhouse effect.-Fossil fuels consist of coal, oil, gas and peatThey are formed from the remains of living things from millions ofyears ago, that were buried under the Earth’s surface under hightemperature and pressure.These fuels significantly affect the atmosphere when they areextracted and burnt as they release lots of carbon dioxide andother gases.Fossil fuels are a major source of energy which is released whenthey are burnt.The greenhouse effect and global warming:The greenhouse effect is a natural event that makes Earth warm enoughfor life. Global warming occurs when the atmosphere traps too much heatand causes Earth’s temperature to rise too much enhancing thegreenhouse effect.Carbon cycle diagram – Green plants removeatmospheric CO2. Decomposers e.g. bacteria andfungi, help release it back into the atmosphere.
ScienceThe Circulatory SystemYear 8Term 6Your teacher will tell you which topic you should revise. Read and learn all the information in the topic, ready for a Quiz in lesson.Topic 2: The Heart and Blood vesselsComponents of the bood :The Heart The heart is a key organ in the circulatory system The circulatory system is an organ system consisting ofthe heart, blood and blood vessels. The circulatory system allows blood to circulate andtransport nutrients (e.g. oxygen and amino acids) andwaste (e.g. carbon dioxide) to and from the cells in thebody. The heart is a double pump. Blood is pumped away fromthe heart to the body at high pressure and back to theheart at low pressure from the body. The heart has 4 chambers: right atrium, right ventricle,left atrium and left ventricle. The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated bloodand the left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood.Structure of the blood vessels Plasma – straw-coloured liquid that makes up55% of the blood. It transports carbon dioxide,urea, hormones and digested food. Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) – these cells areshaped like biconcave discs. They transportoxygen for aerobic respiration. White blood cells – These cells are part of thebody’s immune system and defend againstdiseases. They ingest (eat) pathogens and produceantibodies. Platelets – fragments of cells that are involved inblood clotting.RBCs, WBCs and platelets make up 45% of the blood.The blood vesselsThe blood vessels consist of: arteries,veins and capillariesAll arteries carry oxygenated blood fromthe heart to the bod
Noughts and Crosses Year 8 Term 6 Your teacher will tell you which topic you should revise. Read and learn all the information in the topic, ready for a Quiz in lesson. Topic 1: Callum Callum Ryan McGregor is a Nought, he is the son of Ryan and Meggie McGregor. Male protagonist in the novel.
young adults are: Noughts & Crosses (2001); Knife Edge(2004); Checkmate (2005); and Double Cross (2008) – which form the Noughts & Crosses series, the tale of two teenagers, Callum and Sephy. She has been awarded numerous prizes for her work, including the Red House hildrens ook Award and the Fantastic Fiction Award. She has been
Noughts & Crosses. Special new edition including An Eye for An Eye . This book is dedicated with love to my husband, Neil, And to our daughter, Elizabeth. AUTHOR’S NOTE The African-American scientists, inventors and pioneers mentionedin chapter 30 are all real people and
Noughts Crosses: Ep 5, Double Yellow Script 12/3/2019 1. 6 INT. MCGREGOR HOUSE. KITCHEN - MORNING 17 6 Pale sunlight spilling in through the window as Meggie, bleary-eyed, stands at the stove, sipping coffee while preparing french toast and bacon. On the radio, a political
in Noughts & Crosses and Vampire Academy, the focus of the analysis varies. Whereas narration is explicitly discussed in the Noughts & Crosses section, it is not a distinguishable aspect of the Vampire Academy series,
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Grade (9-1) _ 58 (Total for question 1 is 4 marks) 2. Write ̇8̇ as a fraction in its simplest form. . 90. 15 blank Find the fraction, in its
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