An Analysis Of The Navy’s Fiscal Year 2020 Shipbuilding Plan
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATESCONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICEAn Analysis ofthe Navy’sFiscal Year 2020Shipbuilding PlanOCTOBER 2019
At a GlanceAs directed by the Congress, the Navy submits an annual report with thePresident’s budget describing the planned inventory, purchases, deliveries, andretirements of the ships in its fleet for the next 30 years. In this report, theCongressional Budget Office analyzes the Navy’s fiscal year 2020 shipbuildingplan and estimates the costs of implementing it. Fleet Cost. The 2020 plan would require shipbuilding appropriationsthat are more than 50 percent larger than the Navy’s average funding forshipbuilding over the past five years. Including nuclear refueling and allother costs associated with the Navy’s shipbuilding budget, CBO estimates,the total shipbuilding budget would average 31 billion per year (in2019 dollars), one-third more than the Navy estimates. Annual operationand support costs for the fleet over the next 30 years would grow from 60 billion today to about 90 billion by 2049. Purchasing Plan. The Navy plans to purchase 304 new ships between 2020and 2049: 247 combat ships and 57 support ships. Fleet Size. If the Navy adhered to that purchasing plan as well as theschedule for retiring ships outlined in the 2020 plan, the inventory of shipswould rise from 290 today to its goal of 355 ships in 2034 and thereafter,but would fall short of its specific goals for some types of ships.www.cbo.gov/publication/55685
ContentsSummary1The Navy Plans to Expand the Fleet to 355 Battle Force Ships1New Ships in the Navy’s Plan Would Cost an Average of 28.8 Billion per Year1Shipbuilding Costs Over the Next 30 Years Would Be Twice As Much AsAppropriations Over the Past 30 Years3A Larger Fleet Would Cost More to Operate3Ship Purchases and Inventories Under the 2020 Plan3Combat Logistics and Support Ships4611Shipbuilding Costs Under the 2020 Plan11BOX 1. MAJOR TYPES OF SHIPS IN THE NAVY’S FLEETCombat ShipsThe Navy’s Estimates11CBO’s Estimates14Operation and Support Costs15Plans for Specific Ship Programs16Aircraft Carriers17Submarines19Large Surface Combatants24Small Surface Combatants25Amphibious Warfare Ships26Appendix: The Difference Between the Navy’s and CBO’s Estimatesfor the Costs of New Ships29List of Tables and Figures30About This Document31
NotesUnless otherwise indicated, all years referred to in this document are federal fiscal years,which run from October 1 to September 30 and are designated by the calendar year inwhich they end; all dollar amounts reflect budget authority in 2019 dollars.Numbers in the text and tables may not add up to totals because of rounding.The data underlying the figures are posted with the report on CBO’s website.On the cover:Top: The Arleigh Burke class guided missile destroyer USS Carney (DDG-644).U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Fred Gray IV.Middle: The Nimitz class aircraft carrier USS John C. Stennis (CVN-74).U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Anderson W. Branch.Bottom: The Ohio class ballistic missile submarine USS Louisiana (SSBN-743).U.S. Navy photo by Lieutenant Ed Early.
An Analysis of the Navy’s Fiscal Year 2020Shipbuilding PlanSummaryThe Department of Defense (DoD) submitted the Navy’s2020 shipbuilding plan to the Congress in March 2019.1The average annual cost of carrying out that plan, whichcovers fiscal years 2020 to 2049, would be 31.0 billion in 2019 dollars, the Congressional Budget Officeestimates. The Navy’s 2020 plan differs very little fromits 2019 plan in its goal for the total inventory of battleforce ships, the number and types of ships that the Navywould purchase, and the funding proposed to implementthe plan. If fully carried out, the shipbuilding plan wouldrepresent the largest naval buildup since the 1980s.The Navy Plans to Expand the Fleet to355 Battle Force ShipsIn September 2019, the Navy’s fleet numbered 290 battle force ships—aircraft carriers, submarines, surfacecombatants, amphibious ships, combat logistics ships,and some support ships. The Navy’s 2020 shipbuildingplan reflects its 2016 force structure assessment and setsa goal of building and maintaining a fleet of 355 battle force ships.2 Toward that goal, the Navy would buy304 ships over the 2020–2049 period: 247 combat shipsand 57 combat logistics and support ships (see Table 1).If the Navy adhered to the schedule for retiring shipsoutlined in the 2020 plan, it would meet the goal of355 ships in 2034 and maintain that number through atleast 2049. (See Table 2 for the current composition ofthe fleet and the planned service life of the major typesof ships.)In testimony in spring 2019, senior Navy officials toldthe Congress that the Navy intends to release a newforce structure assessment sometime in late 2019. Thoseofficials stated that although the goal of 355 ships islikely to change, it is not clear by how much; it is alsounclear how the large unmanned systems that the Navywants to develop might be counted toward that goal. Thecurrent goal does not include any unmanned systems.3(See Box 1 for a description of the major types of shipsin the Navy’s fleet.)New Ships in the Navy’s Plan Would Cost an Averageof 28.8 Billion per YearCBO estimates that buying the new ships specified in the2020 plan would cost 865 billion over 30 years, or anaverage of 28.8 billion per year.4 The Navy estimates alower cost— 660 billion over 30 years, or an average of 22.0 billion per year— 0.6 billion more per year thanit estimated new-ship construction would cost under its2019 plan.CBO’s estimates are higher than the Navy’s becauseCBO and the Navy made different assumptions aboutthe design and capabilities of some future ships, useddifferent estimating methods, and treated growth inshipbuilding labor and materials costs differently. Mostof the difference between the estimates stems fromuncertainty about the design and capabilities of largeships whose construction would begin in 5 or 10 years—in particular, the future large surface combatant and thefuture attack submarine. The difference in estimates alsowidens over time in part because the Navy’s method ofdeveloping constant-dollar estimates for most of its shipbuilding programs does not account for the faster growthin the costs of labor and materials in the shipbuilding1. See Department of the Navy, Report to Congress on the AnnualLong-Range Plan for Construction of Naval Vessels for Fiscal Year2020 (March 2019), https://go.usa.gov/xyhvK.3. See Ronald O’Rourke, Navy Force Structure and ShipbuildingPlans: Background and Issues for Congress, Report for CongressRL32665 (Congressional Research Service, updatedSeptember 20, 2019), 2665 (3.2 MB).2. See Department of the Navy, Executive Summary, 2016 NavyForce Structure Assessment (FSA) (December 2016), http://tinyurl.com/zgdk5o7.4. For more information, see Congressional Budget Office, HowCBO Estimates the Costs of New Ships (April 2018), www.cbo.gov/publication/53785.
2 An Analysis of the Navy’s Fiscal Year 2020 Shipbuilding PlanOctober 2019Table 1 .The Navy’s 2019 and 2020 Shipbuilding Plans2019 Plan(2019–2048)2020 Plan(2020–2049)Change From2019 to 2020Number of Ships Purchased Over 30 YearsCombat ShipsAircraft carriersBallistic missile submarinesLarge payload submarinesAttack submarinesLarge surface combatantsSmall surface combatantsAmphibious warfare shipsSubtotalCombat Logistics and Support 571301304Cost of New-Ship Constructiona(Billions of 2019 dollars)3Total Cost Over 30 YearsNavy’s estimateCBO’s estimate6438176608651748Average Annual CostNavy’s estimateCBO’s estimate21.427.222.028.80.61.6Average Cost per ShipNavy’s estimateCBO’s morandum:Average Annual Costs of All Activities Typically FundedFrom Budget Accounts for Ship ConstructionbNavy's estimateCBO's estimateSource: Congressional Budget Office.a. Costs exclude funds for refueling nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and for ship conversions, construction of ships that are not part of the Navy’sbattle force (such as oceanographic survey ships) and training ships, outfitting and postdelivery activities (including the purchase of smaller toolsand pieces of equipment that are needed to operate a ship but that are not necessarily provided by the manufacturing shipyard as part of shipconstruction), and smaller items. The costs of the mission packages for littoral combat ships, which are not funded by the Navy’s shipbuildingaccounts, are also excluded.b. Includes all items excluded from new-ship construction costs.industry than in the economy as a whole (see Figure 1 onpage 6). As a result, the Navy’s estimate does not reflectthe increase in the real (inflation-adjusted) costs of shipswith today’s capabilities that CBO anticipates in futurepurchases of such ships.The Navy’s shipbuilding plan reports only the costsof new-ship construction. It excludes other activitiestypically funded from the Navy’s budget account for shipconstruction. Including nuclear refueling and all othercosts associated with the Navy’s shipbuilding budgetwould add 2.1 billion to the Navy’s average annualshipbuilding costs under the 2020 plan, CBO estimates.
October 2019Shipbuilding Costs Over the Next 30 Years WouldBe Twice As Much As Appropriations Over the Past30 YearsIf the Navy received the same average annual amountof funding (in constant dollars) for ship constructionin each of the next 30 years that it has received over thepast three decades, the service would not be able to affordits 2020 shipbuilding plan. CBO’s estimate of 28.8 billion per year for new-ship construction under the plan ismore than double the historical average of 13.8 billion(in 2019 dollars). CBO’s estimate of 31.0 billion peryear for the full cost of the plan is almost double the 16.0 billion the Navy has received in annual appropriations, on average, over the past 30 years for all activitiesfunded by its shipbuilding account.5The 30-year historical average includes the relativelysmall, post–Cold War shipbuilding appropriations of the1990s. The shipbuilding budgets in the past five yearshave been larger. In fact, since 2013, the Congress hasappropriated 1 billion to 3 billion more per year thanthe President’s request, partly as a result of concerns thatthe fleet is too small to perform all the missions assignedto it (see Figure 2 on page 7). Compared with shipbuilding budgets of the past five years, the Navy’s plan wouldstill require an increase of more than 50 percent, onaverage. In another comparison, shipbuilding appropriations averaged 26.7 billion per year (in 2019 dollars)during the Cold War years of 1955 to 1989, a period ofgreat power competition that could resemble the future.6On average, the Navy’s plan would cost 16 percent morethan that.A Larger Fleet Would Cost More to OperateCurrent costs to operate and support the fleet under theNavy’s plan are about 60 billion per year, includingdirect, indirect, and overhead costs, CBO estimates.7 As5. For an example of how large a fleet the Navy could build iffunding continued at its 30-year average, see CongressionalBudget Office, Comparing a 355-Ship Fleet With Smaller NavalForces (March 2018), www.cbo.gov/publication/53637.6. CBO’s historical data for shipbuilding budgets begins with 1955;the year the Berlin Wall fell, 1989, is widely regarded as the endof the Cold War.7. For a more detailed discussion of how CBO calculates operationand support costs, see Congressional Budget Office, Costs ofBuilding a 355-Ship Navy (April 2017), pp. 5–7, www.cbo.gov/publication/52632, and The U.S. Military’s Force Structure: APrimer (July 2016), www.cbo.gov/publication/51535.An Analysis of the Navy’s Fiscal Year 2020 Shipbuilding PlanTable 2 .The Navy’s Inventory of Major Ships and TheirExpected Service Life, as of September 2019InventoryService Life(Years)Aircraft Carriers1150Ballistic Missile Submarines1442Guided Missile Submarines442Attack Submarines5133–43Large Surface CombatantsSmall Surface Combatants andMine Countermeasures Ships8935–452925–30Amphibious Ships32406030–45Combat Logistics and Support ShipsTotal290Source: Congressional Budget Office, using data from the Department ofthe Navy.the fleet increased in size, its operation and support costswould rise. Like ship construction costs, operation andsupport costs also increase at a rate that is faster thanthe economywide inflation rate. After adjusting for thatincrease, CBO estimates that by 2049 the 355-ship fleetwould cost about 90 billion per year (in 2019 dollars)to operate and support.Ship Purchases and InventoriesUnder the 2020 PlanThe Navy’s 2020 shipbuilding plan, which theDepartment of Defense submitted to the Congress onMarch 18, 2019, reflects the inventory goal of 355 battle force ships that the service set forth in its 2016force structure assessment.8 (For a comparison of thegoals established in the four most recent force structureassessments, see Table 3 on page 8.) The Navy intends tobuy 12 ships in 2020 and 43 ships from 2021 through2024—the period covered by DoD’s 2020 Future Years8. See Department of the Navy, Executive Summary, 2016 NavyForce Structure Assessment (FSA) (December 2016), http://tinyurl.com/zgdk5o7. For a more extensive discussion of thehistory of the Navy’s force structure goals, see Ronald O’Rourke,Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background andIssues for Congress, Report for Congress RL32665 (CongressionalResearch Service, updated September 20, 2019), 2665 (3.2 MB).3
4 An Analysis of the Navy’s Fiscal Year 2020 Shipbuilding PlanOctober 2019Box 1 .Major Types of Ships in the Navy’s FleetNimitz Class Aircraft CarrierThe Navy’s 11 aircraft carriers are the heart of the battle force. Each carries an air wing of about 60 aircraft, whichcan attack hundreds of targets per day (based on 12 hours of flight operations) for up to a month before needing torest. Carriers are the largest ships in the fleet, with a displacement of about 100,000 tons. (A ship’s displacement isthe weight of water that it displaces when floating or, for a submarine, when submerged.) Ten of the current carriersbelong to the Nimitz class. The Navy commissioned the first of a new class, the Gerald R. Ford, in 2017.Ohio Class Ballistic Missile SubmarineStrategic ballistic missile submarines are one component of the U.S. nuclear triad. Each submarine carries up to20 Trident missiles armed with 1 to 8 nuclear warheads apiece. (Originally, they were built with 24 missile tubes, butarms control treaties now limit them to 20 operational tubes.) The Navy has 14 Ohio class ballistic missile submarines,each of which displaces about 19,000 tons when submerged. The service has 4 other submarines of that class that itconverted to a conventional guided missile (SSGN) configuration. Those SSGNs carry up to 154 Tomahawk missiles aswell as special operations forces.Virginia Class Attack SubmarineAttack submarines are the Navy’s premier undersea warfare and antisubmarine weapons. Since the end of the ColdWar, however, they have mainly been used for covert intelligence gathering. They can also launch Tomahawk missiles atland targets, frequently in the early stages of a conflict in an effort to destroy enemy air defense systems. Of the Navy’s51 attack submarines, 31 belong to the Los Angeles class. Displacing 7,000 tons when submerged, they are less than halfthe size of ballistic missile submarines. Virginia class attack submarines are a little larger, at 7,800 tons.Arleigh Burke Class DestroyerLarge surface combatants, which include cruisers and destroyers, are the workhorses of the fleet. They provideballistic missile defense for the fleet and for overseas regions. They defend aircraft carriers and amphibious warfareships against other surface ships, aircraft, and submarines, and they perform such day-to-day missions as patrollingsea lanes, providing an overseas presence, and conducting exercises with allies. They can also launch Tomahawkmissiles to strike land targets. Most of the Navy’s surface combatants displace about 9,000 to 10,000 tons.0100200300400500 feetContinued
October 2019An Analysis of the Navy’s Fiscal Year 2020 Shipbuilding PlanBox 1.ContinuedMajor Types of Ships in the Navy’s FleetFreedom Class Littoral Combat ShipSmall surface combatants include littoral combat ships (LCSs) and frigates. LCSs, which are built in two variants, areintended to counter mines, small boats, and diesel-electric submarines in the world’s coastal regions. The Navy’s newfrigates, which it will begin building in 2020, are expected to be multimission ships, capable of performing many of themissions of the LCS but also carrying robust antiship capabilities as well as being able to defend against threats in theimmediate area. More routinely, LCSs and frigates—like their counterparts, the large surface combatants—patrol sealanes, provide an overseas presence, and conduct exercises with allies. They range in size from 3,000 to 4,000 tons.The Navy currently has no frigate because it retired all of its Oliver Hazard Perry frigates as of 2015.San Antonio Class Amphibious Transport Dock100200The Navy has five classes of amphibious warfare ships. The two classes referred to as amphibious assault ships (also0300types of400ships in500known as large-deck amphibious ships or helicopter carriers)are100the second-largestthefeetfleet, displac200ing between 40,000 and 45,000 tons. With capacity for about half the troops and equipment of a Marine expeditionary300 unit, the400 amphibious500 feetassault ship is the centerpiece of the amphibious ready group. In addition to troops, each ship cancarry as many as 30 helicopters and 6 fixed-wing Harrier jump jets or short takeoff and landing versions of the JointStrike Fighters (F-35Bs), or up to 20 of those fixed-wing aircraft. The other three classes are divided into two types:amphibious transport docks and dock landing ships. Two of those ships together provide the remaining transportcapacity for a Marine expeditionary unit in an amphibious ready group. They range in size from 16,000 to 25,000 tons.Lewis and Clark Class Dry Cargo/Ammunition ShipThe many combat logistics and support ships in the Navy’s fleet provide the means to resupply, repair, salvage, ortow combat ships. The most prominent of those vessels are fast combat support ships, which resupply carrier strikegroups with fuel, dry cargo (such as food), and ammunition. Logistics and support ships can be as small as 2,000 tons0100300400500 feet200for an oceangoing tug or as large as 50,000 tons for a fully loaded fast combat support ship.0100200300400500 feet5
6An Analysis of the Navy’s Fiscal Year 2020 Shipbuilding PlanOctober 2019Figure 1 .Average Annual Costs of New-Ship Construction Under the Navy’s 2020 PlanBillions of 2019 Dollars35CBO’sEstimate3030.7Navy’s 29.7Estimate25Average AnnualFunding,1990 to 2019( 13.8 billion)28.824.42020.322.021.820.715CBO estimates that the Navy’sshipbuilding plan would cost morethan the Navy anticipates; that gapwidens over time.10502020 to 20242025 to 20292030 to 204930-Year AverageSource: Congressional Budget Office, using data from the Department of the Navy.Costs of new-ship construction exclude funds for refueling nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and for ship conversions, construction of ships that are notpart of the Navy’s battle force (such as oceanographic survey ships) and training ships, outfitting and postdelivery activities (including the purchase ofsmaller tools and pieces of equipment that are needed to operate a ship but that are not necessarily provided by the manufacturing shipyard as partof ship construction), and smaller items. The costs of the mission packages for littoral combat ships, which are not funded in the Navy’s shipbuildingaccounts, also are excluded.Defense Program (see Figure 3 on page 9).9 From2025 through 2049, the Navy would buy an additional249 ships, for a total of 304 ships over 30 years, or anaverage of about 10 ships per year. The pace of shipbuilding would be faster, on average, in the first 15 years of theplan than later on, reflecting the service’s desire to increasethe size of the fleet as quickly as is practical. The Navyplans to purchase ships at an average annual rate of11 ships from 2020 to 2034 and 9 ships from 2035 to2049.many as 7 Los Angeles class attack submarines from 33to 43 years. All of the destroyer life extensions and, thusfar, two of the submarine life extensions are reflected inthe Navy’s 2020 plan. With those extensions, the Navywould achieve a fleet of 355 ships in 2034 and wouldmaintain that size through the end of its shipbuilding plan in 2049 (see the bottom panel of Figure 3 onpage 9). However, it would not meet the specific forcestructure goals for every type of ship outlined in the2016 force structure assessment.Last year, the Navy determined that it could not reach itsgoal of 355 ships quickly with only the new-ship construction program outlined in the 2019 plan; as a result,it decided to extend the service life of its Arleigh Burkeclass destroyers to between 42 and 45 years (comparedwith 35 or 40 years previously) and the service life of asThis report assesses the costs of implementing the2020 plan, the plan’s effects on the force structure, andthe extent to which it would satisfy the Navy’s specificgoals for major components of the U.S. fleet. CBO didnot evaluate the validity of the Navy’s goals or the fleet’sability to fulfill its missions in the national militarystrategy.9. Throughout this report, CBO uses the terms “purchase” and“buy” to refer to authorization by the Congress to acquire ships.The budget authority for such purchases may be provided overseveral years, depending on how the Congress appropriates themoney for them.Combat ShipsOver the next 30 years, the Navy envisions buying247 combat ships, including aircraft carriers, submarines,
October 2019large and small surface combatants, and amphibious warfare ships. Those purchases would leave the Navy short ofits inventory objectives for aircraft carriers, ballistic missile submarines, attack submarines, small surface combatants, and amphibious ships for significant segments ofthe 2020–2049 period (see Figure 4 on page 10). Incontrast, the Navy would have an excess of large surfacecombatants during some of those years.Aircraft Carriers. Under its 2020 shipbuilding plan, theNavy would purchase 7 aircraft carriers between 2020and 2049 (see Figure 5 on page 12). One would bepurchased in 2020, another in 2028, and the remainderevery 4 years thereafter.10 As part of its plan, the Navywanted to retire the USS Harry S. Truman (CVN-75) atits midlife point and not refuel its nuclear reactors to savemoney for other, higher priorities. The Administrationsubsequently reversed course and announced inApril 2019 that it would not retire the Truman. To reflectthat decision, CBO’s analysis in this report keeps that carrier in the fleet for its full 50-year service life. As a result,the Navy’s 2020 plan, along with the decision to refuelthe Truman, would allow the Navy to maintain a force of11 aircraft carriers through 2039. Because of the carriers’50-year expected service life, however, the force would fallto 10 carriers in 2040 and for most years through 2049.(To reach and sustain a force of 12 carriers, its stated goal,the Navy would need to purchase 1 ship every 3 years forthe entire 30-year period.)11Ballistic Missile Submarines. The 2020 shipbuildingplan calls for buying the first Columbia class ballisticmissile submarine (SSBN) in 2021 to begin replacing the10. In the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act of2019, the Congress authorized the Navy to purchase two carriersin order to save money on materials. The Navy, in its 2020 plan,treats the second of those two carriers as being authorized in2020 (the first was authorized in 2018). To keep its analysisconsistent with the Navy’s plan, CBO treats those purchases thesame way but recognizes that that carrier could be construed asbeing purchased in 2019. Thus, the purchase of 7 carriers overthe 30-year period includes a carrier in 2020. If that ship wasinstead counted in 2019, the Navy would purchase 6 carriersover the 30-year period. For a discussion of this issue, see RonaldO’Rourke, Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program:Background and Issues for Congress, Report for Congress RS20643(Congressional Research Service, updated September 17, RS/RS20643(4.87 MB).11. See Congressional Budget Office, Costs of Building a 355-ShipNavy (April 2017), pp. 10–11, www.cbo.gov/publication/52632.An Analysis of the Navy’s Fiscal Year 2020 Shipbuilding PlanFigure 2 .Requested and Appropriated Shipbuilding Budgets,2012 to 2020Billions of DollarsSince 2012, the Congress has appropriated more money for ships thanthe President has nds1510502012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020aSource: Congressional Budget Office, using various volumes of theDepartment of the Navy’s Highlights of the Department of the NavyBudget.a. The 2020 appropriation was not available at the time of publication.current Ohio class SSBNs and for purchasing 11 moreby 2036. The Navy estimates that the lead submarinewould take at least 7 years to build, so the first Columbiaclass SSBN would be commissioned into the fleet in2028. (It would take 2 to 3 additional years, however,before it went on its first patrol.) Subsequent submarinesin the class would take about 7 years to build and test.Because the Ohio class submarines would be retired atthe end of 42 to 44 years of service, the Navy’s inventoryof SSBNs would fall at least 1 ship short of its goal of12 SSBNs between 2030 and 2041. From 2037 to 2040,the Navy would have only 10 SSBNs.Attack Submarines. Under the 2020 plan, the Navywould purchase 61 attack submarines (SSNs) through2049, 1 more than under the 2019 plan. The Navyproposes buying 3 SSNs in 2020 and then 2 per year forthe next 29 years, which would not allow it to meet itsinventory goal of 66 until 2048. Under the Navy’s plan,which includes service life extensions for two Los Angelesclass attack submarines, the number of attack submarines7
8 An Analysis of the Navy’s Fiscal Year 2020 Shipbuilding PlanOctober 2019Table 3 .The Navy’s Inventory Goals As Stated in Its Force Structure Assessments, 2010 to 20162010 ForceStructureAssessment2012 ForceStructureAssessment2014 Updateof the 2012Force StructureAssessment2016 ForceStructureAssessmentAircraft CarriersSubmarinesBallistic missileAttack111111121248124812481266Guided missile4000Large Surface Combatants948888104Small Surface Combatants and Mine Countermeasures Shipsa55525252Amphibious Warfare Ships33333438Combat Logistics Ships30292932Support ShipsExpeditionary fast urce: Congressional Budget Office, using data from the Department of the Navy.a. Small surface combatants include frigates and littoral combat ships.b. Includes command ships, salvage ships, ocean tugs, ocean surveillance ships, and tenders.would decline from 52 today to a low of 42 in 2028.12The force would then gradually grow to 66 over the next20 years.If the Navy followed through with its goal of extendingthe service life of 5 additional Los Angeles class submarines, then the force would only fall to 45 by 2026.13Although refueling 5 more existing submarines wouldboost the force over the following 20 years, those servicelife extensions would not allow the Navy to meet its goalof 66 SSNs sooner than 2048, because even with a longer service life they would all be retired by 2040.12. The decline is the result of the retirement, beginning in 2014,of Los Angeles class attack submarines (SSN-688s). Those ships,which were generally built at a rate of 3 or 4 per year during the1970s and 1980s, are reaching the end of their 33-year servicelife. Under the 2020 plan, the Navy would replace them withVirginia class attack submarines (SSN-774s) and their successorsat a rate of 2 per year.13. Refueling an attack submarine (or an aircraft carrier) involvesreplacing the spent nuclear fuel rods in the reactor cores ofnuclear-powered ships with new ones.Large Surface Combatants. The 2020 shipbuildingplan calls for buying 76 destroyers and new large surface combatants (LSCs), the same number as in the2019 plan. Of those ships, 15 would be based on theexisting Arleigh Burke class destroyer (DDG-51) designand 61 would be a new design. Those planned purchases,along with the Navy’s plan to modernize its existingcruiser force and its announcement last year that it willextend the service life of its destroyers, would allow theNavy to meet its goal of 104 large surface combatantsin 2029 and stay at or above that number through 2049(see the fourth panel of Figure 4). The 2020 plan differsfrom the 2019 plan in proposing to move up the startdate for the Navy’s future large surface combatant from2030 to 2025 and to purchase 14 more future large surface combatants but, as a consequence, 14 fewer DDG51 Flight III ships.Small Surface Combatants. For small surface combatants(SSCs), the Navy has 35 littoral combat ships (LCSs) inthe fleet or under construction and 11 mine countermeasures ships. Under the 2020 plan, the service would
October 2019An Analysis of the Navy’s Fiscal Year 2020 Shipbuilding PlanFigure 3 .Annual Ship Purchases and Inventories Under the Navy’s 2020 PlanNumber of ShipsPurchases14Under the Navy’s 9Inventories400Actual350Under the Navy’s PlanFleet Size With ServiceLife ExtensionsGoal of 355 ShipsSSBNsAircraft Carriers300Attack Submarines, SSGNs, and Large Payload Submarines250Large Surface Combatants200150Small Surface Combatants
Nov 05, 2019 · of new-ship construction. It excludes other activities typically funded from the Navy’s budget account for ship construction. Including nuclear refueling and all other costs associated with the Navy’s shipbuilding budget would add 2.1 billion to the Navy’s average annual shipbuilding costs under the 2020 plan, CBO estimates. Table 1 .
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