Interactive Reader And Study Guide
Interactive Readerand Study Guide
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and WinstonAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or byany means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storageand retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to the followingaddress: Permissions Department, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 10801 N. MoPac Expressway,Building 3, Austin, Texas 78759.HOLT and the “Owl Design” are trademarks licensed to Holt, Rinehart and Winston, registered inthe United States of America and/or other jurisdictions.Printed in the United States of AmericaIf you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Holt, Rinehart and Winston retainstitle to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited and is illegal.Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it,into electronic format.ISBN 0-03-092477-41 2 3 4 5 6 7 082 10 09 08 07 06
ContentsCHAPTER 1 The Nature of Life ScienceSECTION 1 Asking About Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1SECTION 2 Scientific Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5SECTION 3 Tools and Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13SECTION 4 Scientific Models and Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . 19SECTION 5 Safety in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25CHAPTER 2 It’s Alive!! Or Is It?SECTION 1 Characteristics of Living Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31SECTION 2 The Necessities of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35CHAPTER 3 Light and Living ThingsSECTION 1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum. . . . . . . . . . . . . 41SECTION 2 Interactions of Light with Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . 46SECTION 3 Refraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53CHAPTER 4 Cells: The Basic Units of LifeSECTION 1 The Characteristics of Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59SECTION 2 Eukaryotic Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63SECTION 3 The Organization of Living Things . . . . . . . . . . 69CHAPTER 5 The Cell in ActionSECTION 1 Cell Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73SECTION 2 The Cell Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Interactive Reader and Study GuideiiiContents
CHAPTER 6 HereditySECTION 1 Mendel and His Peas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82SECTION 2 Traits and Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88SECTION 3 Meiosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95CHAPTER 7 Genes and DNASECTION 1 What Does DNA Look Like? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101SECTION 2 How DNA Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105CHAPTER 8 Studying Earth’s PastSECTION 1 The Study of Earth’s History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111SECTION 2 Relative Dating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114SECTION 3 Absolute Dating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122CHAPTER 9 The History of Life on EarthSECTION 1 Looking at Fossils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126SECTION 2 Earth’s Changing Continents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132SECTION 3 Time Marches On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137CHAPTER 10 The Evolution of Living ThingsSECTION 1 Change Over Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144SECTION 2 How Does Evolution Happen? . . . . . . . . . . . 150SECTION 3 Natural Selection in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156CHAPTER 11 ClassificationSECTION 1 Sorting It All Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162SECTION 2 Domains and Kingdoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Interactive Reader and Study GuideivContents
CHAPTER 12 Introduction to PlantsSECTION 1 What Is a Plant? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174SECTION 2 Seedless Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178SECTION 3 Seed Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182SECTION 4 Structures of Seed Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187CHAPTER 13 Plant ProcessesSECTION 1 Photosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194SECTION 2 Reproduction of Flowering Plants . . . . . . . . . . 198SECTION 3 Plant Development and Responses . . . . . . . . 202CHAPTER 14 Introduction to AnimalsSECTION 1 What Is an Animal? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208SECTION 2 The Animal Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213SECTION 3 Invertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221SECTION 4 Vertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227CHAPTER 15 Body Organization and StructureSECTION 1 Body Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233SECTION 2 The Skeletal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239SECTION 3 The Muscular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243CHAPTER 16 Circulation and RespirationSECTION 1 The Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248SECTION 2 Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254SECTION 3 The Respiratory System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Interactive Reader and Study GuidevContents
CHAPTER 17 Communication and ControlSECTION 1 The Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264SECTION 2 Sensing the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272CHAPTER 18 Reproduction and DevelopmentSECTION 1 Human Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280SECTION 2 Growth and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Interactive Reader and Study GuideviContents
NameClassCHAPTER 1DateThe Nature of Life ScienceSECTION1 Asking About LifeCalifornia ScienceStandardsBEFORE YOU READAfter you read this section, you should be able to answerthese questions:7.7.b What is life science? Why is life science important for everyday life?What Is Life Science?Imagine that it is summer. You are lying on the grassin a park watching dogs play and bees visiting flowers.An ant carries away a crumb from your lunch. Suddenly,questions pop into your head: How do ants find food?Why don’t bees visit every flower? Why do dogs play? Youhave just taken the first steps to becoming a life scientist.Life science is the study of living things. Asking questionsabout the world around you is the first step in any scientificinvestigation. What kinds of questions can you ask?Why doleaves changecolor in the fall?Howdo birdsknow where togo when theymigrate?Howare a frog and alizard different?STUDY TIPPredict As you read thissection, write a list ofquestions about life sciencethat you think this book willhelp your answer.READING CHECK1. Identify What is thefirst step in a scientificinvestigation?Part of science is asking questionsabout the world around you.What Kind of Questions Can You Ask inLife Science?Take a look around your home or neighborhood. Justabout anywhere you go, you will find some kind of living organism. The world around us is full of an amazingdiversity of life. Single-celled algae, giant redwood trees,and 40-ton whales are all living things. For any livingthing you could ask: How does the organism get its food?Where does it live? Why does it behave in a certain way?However, these questions are just the beginning.Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Interactive Reader and Study Guide1The Nature of Life Science
NameSECTION 1ClassDateAsking About Life continuedWhat Do You Do Once You Have a Question?READING CHECK2. List List three methods ofinvestigation that you coulduse to answer questions.Once you ask a question, it is time to look for ananswer. How do you start your investigation? There arethree methods you can use: research, observation, andexperimentation.RESEARCHYou can find answers to some of your questions by doingresearch. The following are some ways you can do research: Ask someone who knows a lot about the subject. Look up information in print resources, such as textbooks,encylopedias, and magazines.Say ItResearch Choose yourfavorite living thing. Writefive questions about thatorganism. Use three differenttypes of resources to answerthose questions. Presentto the class what you havelearned. Use electronic resources such as the World Wide Web.When you do research, be sure to think about thesource of the information you find. Not all information youfind in print materials or on the World Wide Web is correct.Scientists use information only from reliable sources.OBSERVATIONYou can find answers to some questions by observation. When you observe, you watch something and writedown what you see. For example, if you wanted to knowwhat birds live in your area, you could go outside andlook for them. You could also hang a bird feeder outsideyour home and observe the birds that use it.EXPERIMENTATIONYou can answer some questions by doing an experiment. An experiment should be designed carefully toanswer a specific question. Making good observationsand analyzing data are two important parts of doing anexperiment.TAKE A LOOK3. Identify What type ofinvestigation method is thisstudent using?This student is trying to find thehardness of a mineral.Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Interactive Reader and Study Guide2The Nature of Life Science
NameSECTION 1ClassDateAsking About Life continuedWhy Is Asking Questions Important?Why do life scientists need to ask questions? Do theanswers really matter in everyday life? Absolutely! As youstudy life science, you will begin to see how important itis to ask and answer questions. Life scientists are looking for answers to many questions. These include fightingdisease, producing food, and protecting the environment.FIGHTING DISEASEBefore 1955, many people suffered from a diseasecalled polio. Polio is caused by a virus that affects thebrain and nerves and can cause paralysis. Today, very fewpeople in the world have polio. By asking questions andsearching for answers, scientists were able to create avaccine that protects people from the polio virus.Today, scientists are looking for ways to stop the spreadof the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). By studying how this virus affects the bodyand how it causes AIDS, scientists hope to find a cure.Critical Thinking4. Infer Why do you thinkthat more people sufferedfrom polio before 1955 thanthey do today?PRODUCING FOODHow can we produce enough food to feed everyone?How can we make sure that foods are safe to eat? Toanswer these questions, some scientists design experiments to see what makes plants grow larger or faster.Others are looking for ways to preserve foods better sothat they will last longer.PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENTMany environmental problems are caused by our misuse of natural resources. Life scientists try to understandhow we affect the world around us. They are studyingthings such as pollution, endangered species, and theeffects of cutting down too many trees.READING CHECK5. Identify Give onequestion about producingfood that life scientists aretrying to answer.These environmental scientists aretesting water quality.Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Interactive Reader and Study Guide3The Nature of Life Science
NameClassDateSection 1 Review7.7.bSECTION VOCABULARYlife science the study of living things1. List Give three examples of resources you could use to do research.2. Write Questions Write three questions about the animal in this picture. Try to usedifferent ones from the examples given in the text.3. Explain Why do you need to be careful about choosing resources for research?4. Identify Relationships How are observation and experimentation related?5. List List three environmental problems that life scientists are studying.6. Apply Concepts When do you think a life scientist would study a nonliving thing,such as a lake or a rock? Give an example.Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Interactive Reader and Study Guide4The Nature of Life Science
NameCHAPTER 1ClassDateThe Nature of Life ScienceSECTION2 Scientific MethodsCalifornia ScienceStandardsBEFORE YOU READAfter you read this section, you should be able to answerthese questions:7.7.c, 7.7.e What are scientific methods? What is a hypothesis? Why do scientists share their results with oneanother?What Are Scientific Methods?A group of students in Minnesota went on a field tripto a wildlife refuge. They noticed that some of the frogsthey saw looked strange. For example, some of the frogshad too many legs or eyes. The frogs were deformed. Thestudents wondered what made the frogs deformed. Theydecided to carry out an investigation to learn what happened to the frogs.By making observations and asking questions about theobservations, the students were using scientific methods.Scientific methods are a series of steps that scientistsuse to answer questions and to solve problems. The figurebelow shows the steps in scientific methods.STUDY TIPOutline As you read thissection, make a chart showingthe different steps of scientificmethods. In the chart, describehow the students in Minnesotaused each step to investigatethe deformed frogs.READING CHECK1. Define What are scientificmethods?Ask aQuestionMakeObservationsMakepredictionsAnalyzethe ResultsDraw ConclusionsForm aHypothesisTest theHypothesisTAKE A LOOKNoDo they supportyour hypothesis?YesCommunicateResultsAs you can see, the order of steps in scientific methods can vary. Scientists may use all of the steps or justsome of the steps during a certain investigation. Theymay even repeat some of the steps. The order depends onwhat works best to answer a certain question.2. Use Models Startingwith “Ask a question,” tracetwo different paths throughthe figure to “Communicateresults.” Use a colored pen ormarker to trace your paths.Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Interactive Reader and Study Guide5The Nature of Life Science
NameSECTION 2ClassDateScientific Methods continuedWhy Is It Important to Ask a Question?READING CHECK3. Explain Why do scientistsask questions?Asking a question helps scientists focus on the mostimportant things they want to learn. The question helpsto guide the research that the scientist does.In many cases, an observation leads to a question. Forexample, the students in Minnesota observed that some ofthe frogs were deformed. Then they asked the question,“Why are some of the frogs deformed?” Answeringquestions often involves making more observations.How Do Scientists Make Observations?Critical Thinking4. Explain Why is itimportant for observationsto be accurate?The students in Minnesota made careful observations to help them answer their question. The studentscaught many frogs. Then they counted how many normaland how many deformed frogs they caught. They photographed, measured, and described each frog. They alsotested the water the frogs were living in. The studentswere careful to record their observations accurately.Like the students, scientists make many differentkinds of observations. They may measure length, volume,time, or speed. They may describe the color or shape ofan organism. They may also describe how an organismbehaves. When scientists make and record their observations, they are careful to be accurate. Observations areuseful only if they are accurate.TAKE A LOOK5. Identify Give three kindsof observations that can bemade with the tools in thepicture.Scientists use many different tools, such as microscopes, rulers, andthermometers, to make observations.Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Interactive Reader and Study Guide6The Nature of Life Science
NameSECTION 2ClassDateScientific Methods continuedWhat Is a Hypothesis?After asking questions and making observations, scientists may form a hypothesis. A hypothesis (plural,hypotheses) is a possible answer to a question. A goodhypothesis is based on observations and can be tested.When scientists form a hypothesis, they base it on all ofthe observations and information that they have.A single question can lead to more than onehypothesis. The students in Minnesota learned aboutdifferent things that can cause frogs to be deformed.They used this information to form three hypotheses toanswer their question. These hypotheses are shown in thefigure below.Hypothesis 1:The deformities were caused by one or morechemical pollutants in the water.READING CHECK6. Define What is ahypothesis?Say ItDiscuss In a group, talkabout some other possiblehypotheses that the studentscould have come up with.Hypothesis 2:The deformities were caused by attacksfrom parasites or other frogs.Hypothesis 3:The deformities were caused by an increasein exposure to ultraviolet light from the sun.TAKE A LOOK7. Describe What aretwo things that all of thehypotheses have in common?More than one hypothesis can be made for a single question.Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Interactive Reader and Study Guide7The Nature of Life Science
NameClassSECTION 2DateScientific Methods continuedPREDICTIONSCALIFORNIASTANDARDS CHECK7.7.c Communicate the logicalconnection among hypotheses,science concepts, tests conducted,data collected, and conclusionsdrawn from the scientific evidence.Word Help: communicateto make known; to tellBefore a scientist can test a hypothesis, the scientistmust first make predictions. A prediction is a statement that explains how something can cause an effect.A prediction can be used to set up a test of a hypothesis.Predictions are usually stated in an if-then format, asshown in the figure below. More than one prediction maybe made for a hypothesis.Word Help: logicalreasoned, well thought outWord Help: conceptan idea or thoughtWord Help: conductto carry out; to doWord Help: conclusionan idea developed fromreasoning and investigatingWord Help: evidenceinformation showingwhether an idea or belief istrue or valid8. Make ConnectionsWhat is the connectionbetween hypotheses andthe tests that are conductedin an investigation?Hypothesis 1:substance in thePrediction: If aities,using the deformpond water is cavehaatom ponds ththen the water fromfrntwill be differedeformed frogsnoichponds in whthe water fromhave been found.sabnormal frogsubstance in thePrediction: If aities,using the deformpond water is calops will devethen some tadpoleinthey are raisedenwhdeformitiesthatsndpocted frompond water colleogs.have deformed frHypothesis 2:Prediction: If a parasite iscausing the deformities, then thisparasite will be found more oftenin frogs that have deformitiesthan in frogs that do not havedeformities.Hypothesis 3:Prediction: If an increaseinexposure to ultraviolet lightiscausing the deformities, thenfrogeggs exposed to more ultravioletlight in a laboratory will bemorelikely to develop into deformedfrogs than frog eggs thatareexposed to less UV light will.More than one prediction may be made for a single hypothesis.Scientists can perform experiments to test their predictions. In many cases, the results from the experimentsmatch a prediction for a hypothesis. In other cases, theresults do not match any of the predictions. When thishappens, the scientist must make a new hypothesis andcarry out more tests.Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Interactive Reader and Study Guide8The Nature of Life Science
NameClassSECTION 2DateScientific Methods continuedHow Do Scientists Test a Hypothesis?Scientists plan experiments to show whether a certainfactor caused a certain observation. A factor is anythingin
California Science Standards 7.7.b STUDY TIP Predict As you read this section, write a list of questions about life science that you think this book will help your answer. READING CHECK 1. Identify What is the fi rst step in a scientifi c investigation? BEFORE YOU READ
Readers Theatre Scripts Family Tutoring 584 Come Hippopotamus Roles: Reader 1, All, Reader 2, Reader 3 Reader 1 Come hippopotamus All HIP HIP HIP! HIP HIP HIP! Reader 2 What an enormous face you have! Reader 3 What an enormous lip! Reader 1 Can't you come and play a bit? All Dance! Dance! Reader 2 And hop!
RPS or RPS‑LITE Remote Programming Software Readers ARD‑R10 iCLASS Mullion Reader ARD‑R40 iCLASS Switchplate Reader ARD‑RK40‑09 iCLASS PIN Reader ARD‑VSMART iCLASS Reader D8223 Prox Pro Reader D8224 Mullion Reader D8224‑SP Switch Plate Reader D8225 Mini Mullion Reader D8301W L
3.2. All GLog : export general log data without delete the log data on the reader. 3.3. Slog&Del : export System log in the reader and delete the log data on the reader. 3.4. All Slog : export System log in the reader without delete the log data on the reader. 3.5. Enr.Data : export Enroll Data in the reader (Finger and ID Card Register ) 3.6.
To install the media reader in the 5.25-inch optical bay adapter: a. Leave the four preinstalled guide screws in the lower holes of the media reader (1) in place. b. Use the four guide screws to align the media reader with the adapter (1). c. Lower the media reader into the adapter (2). Figure 2 Installing the media reader in the bay adapter d.
CUSTOMIZATION OF ANY INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE BY INTERACTIVE, CUSTOMER OR ANY THIRD PARTY EVEN IF SUCH CUSTOMIZATION AND/OR MODIFICATION IS DONE USING INTERACTIVE TOOLS, TRAINING OR METHODS DOCUMENTED BY INTERACTIVE. Interactive Intelligence Inc. 7601 Interactive Wa
2015 Desktop Reader User Guide 8 IMPORTANT First time users will be required to create an account. Any iOS users that have previously purchased an Interactive Standard from CSA Group and already have a CSA Group Reader App account will be able to login to the CSA Group Desktop Reader App using the same account details.
The interactive e-book is a type of electronic book development that contains not only texts and images but also audio, video, and interactive exercises. The interactive e-book used for this study was created using Adobe Acrobat DC software in PDF format which was integrated with learning videos and interactive exercises. The e-book was designed
3 Install the External Reader on a PC To install the external card reader, connect the card reader to your workstation. The card reader self-installs. To view the status of the installed card reader, go to the lower left of the Windows screen. Select Start Devices
