LiteBIRD - Pcos.gsfc.nasa.gov
LiteBIRDA Small Satellite for the Studies of B-mode Polarization andInflation from Cosmic Background Radiation DetectionMasashi HazumiInstitute of Particle and Nuclear StudiesHigh Energy Research Accelerator Organization (KEK)Tsukuba, JapanOn behalf of the LiteBIRD working group2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)1
LiteBIRD project overviewn Scientific goaln CMB : Cosmic Microwave BackgroundStringent tests of cosmic inflation at the extremely early universen Observationsn Full-sky CMB (i.e. mm wave) polarization survey at a degree scalen Strategyn n n Roadmap includes ground-based projects as important stepsFocus on signals of inflationary gravitationalwaves imprinted in CMB polarizationSynergy with ground-based super-telescopesn Project status/plansn n 2012/08/15Working group authorized by SCSS,supported by JAXAMission definition review in 2013,target launch year 2020Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)2
LiteBIRD roadmapPOLARBEAR-2LiteBIRDPOLARBEARGroundBIRDØ Ground-based projects as important stepsØ Verification of key technologiesØ Good scientific resultsØ International projects2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)3
LiteBIRD working groupv 58 members (as of Aug.15, 2012)KEKY. ChinoneK. HattoriM. Hazumi (PI)M. HasegawaK. Ishidoshiro*N. KimuraT. MatsumuraH. MoriiM. Nagai**R. NagataN. SatoT. SuzukiO. TajimaT. TomaruM. YoshidaISAS/JAXAH. FukeH. MatsuharaK. MitsudaS. SakaiY. TakeiN. YamazakiT. YoshidaTsukuba U.S. TakadaOkayama U.H. IshinoA. KibayashiS. MimaY. MibeSOKENDAIY. InoueA. ShimizuH. Watanabe2012/08/15ARD/JAXAI. KawanoA. NodaY. SatoK. ShinozakiH. SugitaK. YotsumotoUC BerkeleyA. GhribiW. HolzapfelA. Lee (US-PI)H. NishinoP. RichardsA. SuzukiMcGill U.M. Dobbsv International and interdisciplinaryUT AustinE. KomatsuIPMUN. KatayamaYokohama NU.S. MurayamaS. NakamuraK. NatsumeY. TakagiLBNLJ. BorrillATC/NAOJK. KaratsuT. NoguchiY. SekimotoY. UzawaKinki U.I. OhtaRIKENK. KogaC. OtaniTohoku U.M. Hattori Korea U.under considerationCMB experimenters(Berkeley, KEK, McGill,Eiichiro)X-ray astrophysicists(JAXA)Infrared astronomers(JAXA)Superconducting DeviceJAXA engineers and(Berkeley, RIKEN, NAOJ,Mission Design Support GroupOkayama, KEK etc.)Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)4
LiteBIRD mission Check representative inflationary models requirement on the uncertainty on r（stat. syst. foreground lensing)δr 0.001No lose theorem of LiteBIRDØ Many inflationary models predict r 0.01 à 10sigma discoveryØ Representative inflationary models (single-large-field slow-roll models)have a lower bound on r, r 0.002, from Lyth relation.Ø no gravitational wave detection at LiteBIRD à exclude representativeinflationary models (i.e. r 0.002 @ 95% C.L.)Ø Early indication from ground-based projects à power spectra at LiteBIRD !Huge impact on cosmology in any case2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)5
BoresightSpinaxisHWPSuper- T ADR)Solarpanels2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop,Washington DC Masashi Hazumi (KEK)Standard bussystem forJAXA’s small satellites6
Three key technologies to make LiteBIRD lightPrototypecrossedMizuguchiDragonemirror Small mirrors ( 60cm) Warm launch with mechanical coolers Technology alliance with SPICAfor pre-cooling (ST/JT) Alliance with DIOS (X-ray mission)for ADR2ST/JT BBM Multi-chroic focal planeBolometers 100GHz Sinuousantenna150GHz 2000 TES (Tbath 100mK, δν/ν 0.3),or equivalent MKIDs220GHz Technology demonstration with groundbased projects (POLARBEAR,Fabricated TriplexerPOLARBEAR-2, GroundBIRD)FilterUC BerkeleyTES option2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)7
Major system requirementsItemRequirementsRemarksOrbitLEO ( 500km) or L2Launch vehicle: Epsilon or H2Observing time 2 yearsWeight 450kgfrom Epsilon payload requirementPower 500Wfrom JAXA’s standard bus systemTotal sensitivity 3µKarcmin2µKarcmin as the design goalAngular resolution 30arcmin for 150GHzdescoping requires justificationObserving frequencies50-270 GHz (or wider) 4 bandsModulation/DemodulationHWP rotation 1HzHWP Half Wave Plate1/f knee (f) scan rate (R)R/f 0.06 rpm/mHz (e.g.R 1.2rpm for f 20mHz)spec. for the case HWP stopsTelemetry 10GB/dayw/ Planck-type data suppressionTotal systematic errors 18nK2 on CBB (l 2)These requirements are still subject to modifications in the feasibility studies2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)8
LiteBIRD scan strategy: LEO caseySpin axisxBoresightzSpin axisBoresightγ: relative angle betw/nmoon and boresight (60 degs)Anti-sunβ 34 degsSatellite6000Kα 76 degs175KAnti-sun300Kaltitude500 km150 MkmSun Earth- Spin axis rotation about anti-sun axis(i.e. satellite period around the earth) fs 90 min- Boresight axis rotation about spin axis fb 0.6 rpm0.38 MkmEarth DCMasashiHazumi(KEK)Uniformity and cross link nearly as good as those at L29
LiteBIRD opticsHWP example4K Reflective OpticsBoresightCrossed Mizuguchi-Dragone30cmHWP(φ30cm)T. Matsumura,doctoral thesissuper-conducting bearingwide-band AR (EBEX)Mirror diameter 60cmfor 0.5 angular resolution（@150GHz） is sufficient forboth reionization andrecombination Prototype mirrorsInflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)10
Focal plane requirementNoise level: goal 2µK・arcmin(requirement: 3µK・arcmin)2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCTo be well below“lensing floor”Masashi Hazumi (KEK)11
Foreground removal and observing bands Foreground removalà 4 bands in 50-270GHzN. Katayama and E. Komatsu,ApJ 737, 78 (2011)(arXiv:1101.5210)pixel-based polarizedforeground removal（model-independent）very small biasr 0.0006with 60,100,240GHz (3 bands)2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)12
LiteBIRD band selection for multi-chroic pixelsWe chose the band locations with the following reasons.1. Katayama-Komatsu (2010) suggested the range of frequencyfrom 50-270 GHz based on the template subtraction.2. We want to exclude the CO lines.3. From the practical consideration such as AR coating on alenslet array, it is reasonable to limit the bandwidth to Δν/ν 1.50-320GHzAbove three constraints naturallyput us to the band locations.COBolometers 100GHz150GHzSinuousantennaJ1-0Large pixel (Δν/ν 1)Δν/ν 0.23 per bandJ2-1J3-2Small pixel (Δν/ν 1)Δν/ν 0.3 per band220GHzFabricated Triplexer FilterUC Berkeley TES option2012/08/1560GHz78100GHz GHzInflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DC143GHz190GHz280GHzMasashi Hazumi (KEK)13
LiteBIRD focal plane designtri-chroic（140/190/280GHz）UC BerkeleyTES option2022 TESbolometersTbath BEARfocal plane asa prototype(w/ 2 effective years)2ST/JT BBM2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)14
LiteBIRD focal plane designtri-chroic（140/190/280GHz）UC BerkeleyTES option2022 TESbolometersTbath 100mKBand centers can bedistributed to increase theeffective number of bandstri-chroic（60/78/100GHz）POLARBEARfocal plane asa prototype2012/08/15spaceplace 60GHzdetectorsInflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop,MoreWashingtonDCto MasashiHazumi (KEK)15
TES signal multiplexingFrequency-domainmultiplexing (MUX)used inPOLARBEAR,SPT, EBEX etc.(8-16 MUX)towardLiteBIRDFrequency-domain multiplexingReplace analog feedback loop with Digital Active Nulling (DAN) to achieve 64 MUXled by McGill University (supported by CSA)Berkeley-KEK-McGill-NIST2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)16
MKID option for higher MUX factorNAOJ300 mK stageRIKEN102 pixel MKIDKEKLiteBIRD is currentlythe guiding force forthe MKID developmentin JapanOKAYAMASi lens-arrayDouble slot antenna Al MKIDElectrical noise measurementM. Naruse et al. 20122012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)17
Expected sensitivity on rForeground rejectionparameterwith 2 effective yearsForeground limitedLensing limitedCosmic variance limitedForeground limitedKatayama-KomatsuCosmic variance limited2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)18
L2 vs. LEO3sigma discovery region(statistical error only)OELL2Both cases satisfy the requirement on statistical error2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)19
Advantages of LiteBIRD Not a pathfinder; small but no compromise in r sensitivity More launch options than a big satellite Less expensive– With LiteBIRD plus ground-based super-telescopes (e.g. O(100K)bolometers w/ arcminute angular resolution) as one package, sciencereach nearly as good as a large CMB polarization mission with 1/5total cost Better in terms of cooling (mirrors and baffles) The whole spacecraft can be tested in a large cryogenic test chamber– Better calibration data à less systematic uncertainties– Better pre-flight investigations à less chance of failure2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)20
Funding “Cosmic Background Radiation” selected as one of“innovative areas for research” by MEXT (PI: M. Hazumi)– JFY2009 – JFY2013: 14.3M – QUIET, POLARBEAR, LiteBIRD, CIBER etc.– http://cbr.kek.jp/index en.html Joint budget request (KEK, NINS) in consideration– 100M needed ( launch cost) International collaboration should be pursued actively.– Detector development matching fund from NASA will help a lot– Launch not limited to Epsilon or H2 depending funding progress2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)21
Support from research communities Japanese High Energy Physics (HEP) community hasidentified CMB polarization measurements and darkenergy survey as two important areas of their “cosmicfrontier”.– http://www.jahep.org/office/doc/201202 hecsubc report.pdf Japanese radio astronomy community also expressedtheir support to LiteBIRD. Cosmology community (theory) is also supportingLiteBIRD and contributing to the science case. SCSS added “fundamental physics” as a target for spaceprograms in next 20 years2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)22
Conclusion CMB polarization will be the frontier in post-Planck era– Best probe to discover primordial gravitational waves– Unique tests of inflation and quantum gravity The goal of LiteBIRD is to search for primordial gravitationalwaves with the sensitivity of δr 0.001, for testing all therepresentative inflationary models. The strategy of LiteBIRD is to focus on r measurements. Thepowerful duo (LiteBIRD and ground-based super-telescopes)will be the most cost-effective way. No show-stopper in design studies so far. Technology verificationin ground-based projects in next 3 years will be crucial. TheLiteBIRD roadmap includes such ground-based projects.2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)23
Contacts LiteBIRD WG– PI: Masashi Hazumi (KEK)– US-PI: Adrian T. Lee (UC Berkeley)– JAXA contact: Kazuhisa Mitsuda (ISAS/JAXA) ISAS/JAXA office for international strategyand coordination– Director: Tadayuki Takahashi (ISAS/JAXA) Steering Committee for Space Science (SCSS)– Chair: Saku Tsuneta (ATC/NAOJ)2012/08/15Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG) Workshop, Washington DCMasashi Hazumi (KEK)24
Focal plane 4K Reflective Optics 30cm HWP (φ30cm) HWP example T. Matsumura, doctoral thesis Prototype mirrors super-conducting bearing wide-band AR (EBEX) Mirror diameter 60cm for 0.5 angular resolution （@150GHz） is sufficient for both reionization and recombination bumps Crossed Mizuguchi-Dragone
focal plane cold readout Structure JT/ STcoolers V-groove warm readout compressors drivers digital electronics sub-K cooler antenna structure HWP focal plane cold readout EU US Japan Canada radiators heat pipes 5K 30K 100K 200K Φ2.4m LiteBIRD product tree 15 LFT 34 – 161 GHz HFT 89 – 448 GHz 2018/7/21 LiteBIRD for B-mode from Space
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