Chamber Of Obstruction: The U.S. Chamber Of Commerce’s .
Chamber of Obstruction: The U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s ShiftingDiscourses on Climate Change, 1989-2009A report by Cole Triedman, Researcher, Climate and Development Lab, withassistance from Profs. Rachel Wetts and Timmons Roberts, BrownUniversityImage credit: Bill Clark/CQ Roll CallJune 29, 2021This report should be cited as: Triedman, Cole. 2021. “Chamber of Obstruction: TheU.S. Chamber of Commerce’s’ Shifting Discourses on Climate Change, 1989-2009.”Brown University Climate and Development Lab.
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Works Cited: Archival Primary SourcesMoya, Susan C. & Tertia R. Armstrong. “Statement on the National Global Change Research Act (S.169).” United States SenateCommittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. HRG-1989-CST-0005, pp.1-50. February 28, 1989. Retrieved from HagleyArchives June 2019. w-Doc-2019-06-27-15-25-45-Dragged.html.Alter, Harvey. “Possible Economic and Trade Impacts of the Current Global Climate Change Debate.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce.May 4, 1989. Retrieved from Hagley Archives June 2019. 89-Alter-ClimateChange-Presentation.Alter, Harvey. “Statement on the U.S. Chamber of Commerce on Clean Air Restoration and Standards Restoration Act of 1989 (S.1630).” United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. HRG-1989-PWO-0049,Witness Panel #4, pp. 301-350. September 27, 1989. Retrieved via Proquest Congressional. nel.pdflink/ 2fapp-bin 2fgishearing 2fc 2f5 2fc 2f1 2fhrg-1989-pwo-0049 0007 from 301 to 350.pdf/entitlementkeys 1234%7Cappgis%7Chearing%7Chrg-1989-pwo-0049.Moya, Susan C. “Statement on the ‘Global Change Research Act of 1989 (H.R. 2984).” United States House Committee on ForeignAffairs. October 26, 1989. Retrieved from Hagley Archives June 2019. s, Donald J. “U.S. Chamber of Commerce: Letter to Chairman Sharp, from Donald J. Kroes, Vice President, Legislative andPublic Affairs, September 26, 1990.” United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce. HRG-1990-HEC0085, pp.256-257. Retrived via Proquest Congressional. nel.pdflink/ 2fapp-bin 2fgishearing 2f8 2fa 2fe 2fb 2fhrg-1990-hec-0085 from 1 to 260.pdf/entitlementkeys lding the National Business Legislative Agenda.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. July 1991. Retrieved from Hagley Archives June2019. .“1991 U.S. Chamber of Commerce Energy and Environment Policy.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. 1991. Retrieved from HagleyArchives June 2019. 91-Energy-Policy.html.“1992 U.S. Chamber of Commerce Global Warming Activity.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. 1992. Retrieved from Hagley ArchivesJune 2019. 92-Global-Warming-Policy.html.“U.S. Business Plans Role At Earth Summit.” Los Angeles Times. May 31, 1992. Retrieved via Proquest Historical 3589239/se-2?accountid 9758.“Policy Declarations Adopted by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. May 31, 1996. Retrieved fromHagley Archives June 2019. 96-Chamber-Policy-Declarations.html.Elliot, Larry. “Commentary: Blair Homes in on Basic Flaw of Denver Summit; Politicians’ chance for expensive meals and blandcompromise.” The Guardian. June 23, 1997. Retrieved via Nexis Uni. ollection news&id xt 1516831“U.S. Chamber: Clinton Endorsement of Clean Air Regulations Disappointing to Business.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce MediaRelations. June 26, 1997. Retrieved from Hagley Archives June 2019. 97Clinton-Endorsement-of-Clean-Air.html.“U.S. Chamber President Challenges White House Global Climate Change Policies.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce Media Relations.October 5, 1997. Retrieved from Hagley Archives June 2019. �Kyoto: U.S. Chamber Signs Voluntary Action Plan To Reduce Greenhouse Gases.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce Media Relations.December 4, 1997. Retrieved from Hagley Archives June 2019. 8Chamber of Obstruction: CDL Research Report June 2021. FINAL
“Global Warming Agreement Gets Mixed Reception In Washington; May Impact Other Areas Of 98 Agenda.” The White HouseBulletin. December 11, 1997. Retrieved from Nexis Uni. cument?collection news&id t 1516831.“1998 U.S. Chamber of Commerce Earth Day Message.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce Media Relations. April 1998. Retrieved fromHagley Archives June 2019. gley-Day-1-Dragged-1.Donohue, Thomas. “American business: No more apologies.” Vital Speeches of the Day, 64, 487-489. June 1, 1998. Retrieved viaProquest Historical Newspapers. untid 9758.“Backlash Miscellaneous U.S. Chamber of Commerce.pdf.” Greenpeace investigations. Archived by Greenpeace June 11, 2007.Retrieved via DeSmog. http://research.greenpeaceusa.org/?a view&d 1880.“U.S. Business Scores Major Legislative Victories in 1997.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. January 1, 1998. Retrieved from HagleyArchives June 2019. .“Letter to President George W. Bush from Thomas J. Donahue on Environmental Matters.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. Retrievedfrom U.S. Chamber website via Wayback /http://www.uschamber.com/ Political Advocacy/Issues Index/Environment and Energy/Kyoto Global Climate Treaty/Letter to President Bush on Environmental Issues.htm -2001-kyoto-letter-to-president-bush.“Reality Check: Straight Talk About Climate Change.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce Environment, Technology, and RegulatoryAffairs. June 6, 2003. Retrieved from U.S. Chamber website via Wayback 64notmabvlepdshme/climatechangebooklet.pdf or 003reality-check-report.“The Telescope: Environment Issues on the Horizon.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce Environment, Technology, and Regulatory Affairs.Issue 4. December 2003. Retrieved from U.S. Chamber website via Wayback xhbvk4d2rk6dtlaao/Resource9.pdf or 003-thetelescope-flyer.“U.S. Chamber Policy Accomplishments for 2005.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. 2005. Retrieved from Hagley Archives June nts.html.“Reality Check: Straight Talk About the Kyoto Protocol.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce Environment, Technology, and RegulatoryAffairs. February 2005. Retrieved from U.S. Chamber website via Wayback 5xlssvb7fkbpncplszrgsccwfuhkmc/reality check kyoto.pdf -2005-reality-check-report.“U.S. Chamber Policy Priorities for 2006.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. May 2006. Retrieved from U.S. Chamber website viaWayback “Climate Change.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. 2006. Retrieved from U.S. Chamber website via Wayback /climatechange.htm.Kovacs, William L. “Letter to EPA Administrator Stephen L. Johnson re: Petition to EPA for Rule Implementing Clean Air ActSection 179B/Protection of U.S. States and Businesses from the Regulatory and Economic Burdens Caused by Foreign Emissions.”U.S. Chamber of Commerce. December 13, 2006. Retrieved from U.S. Chamber website via Wayback titionforRulemakingonTransboundaryEmissionsPDF.pdf or 006-letter-to-epa-administrator.Chamber of Obstruction: CDL Research Report June 2021. FINAL29
“Chamber Launches Web site on Energy and Environment.” Institute for 21st Century Energy. April 20, 2007. Retrieved via rce/#s46.Donahue, Thomas J. “Statement of the United States Chamber of Commerce Examining Global Warming Issues in the Power PlantSector.” United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. June 28, 2007. Retrieved from U.S. Chamber website viaWayback kqgqocn6sgnwr2c4add2sq3v4t574b/070628 global warming.pdf -2007-power-plant-sector-testimony.“Wake Up to Climate Change Legislation!” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. November 2007. Retrieved from U.S. Chamber website viaWayback Machine. www.uschamber.com/press/ads/advocate climatechange.htmor y and Environment Policy Priorities for 2008.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. 2008. Retrieved from U.S. Chamber website viaWayback Machine. www.uschamber.com/issues/priorities/energy env.htm -2008-energy-environment-priorities.“Climate Change.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. 2008. Retrieved from U.S. Chamber website via Wayback /climatechange.htm -2008-climate-change-page.Kovacs, William. “Senate Climate Change Vote a Return to Reality.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. June 8, 2008.Retrieved from U.S. Chamber website via Wayback /080606kovacs.htm -2008-senate-vote-memo.“Chamber Stresses Economic Impact of Climate Change Policy for Tennessee.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. August 13, 2008.Retrieved from U.S. Chamber website via Wayback st/080813 climate change.htm -2008-tennessee-climate-change-memo.“U.S. Chamber of Commerce Board Clips.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. November 19, 2008. Retrieved from Hagley Archives June2019. 08-Nov-Board-Meeting-Brief.html.“Petition of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America for EPA to Conduct Its Endangerment Finding Proceeding OnThe Record Using Administrative Procedure Act §§ 556 and 557.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. June 23, 2009. Retrieved fromDeSmog via Mother 232009.pdf MENT 1: Detailed Review of the Health and Welfare Science Evidence and IQA Petition for Correction.” U.S. Chamber ofCommerce. June 2009. Retrieved from DeSmog via Mother 0to%20EPA%20June%202009%20attachment.pdf or Josten, R. Bruce. “Letter to Members of the U.S. House of Representatives about the American Clean Energy and Security Act of2009.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. June 24, 2009. Retrieved from U.S. Chamber website via Wayback acy/hillletters/090624 hr2454 cleanenergy.pdf or 009-waxman-markey-letter.Kovacs, William L. “Statement by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce on the Joint Caucus Hearing on ‘Cap and Trade: Impact on Jobs inthe West, and the Nation.” United States Senate & House Western Caucuses. July 30, 2009. Retrieved from U.S. Chamber website viaWayback imony/090730 capandtrade testimony.pdf or 009-cap-and-trade-testimony.30Chamber of Obstruction: CDL Research Report June 2021. FINAL
Kovacs, William L. et. al. “Supplemental Statement in Support of Petition for EPA to Conduct Its Endangerment Finding Proceedingon the Record.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. EPA Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0171. August 25, 2009. Retrieved viaWayback Machine. /81769 -august-2009-endangerment-finding-petition.“The Prospects for Copenhagen: More Realism Can Fuel the Way.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce Institute for 21st Century Energy.2009. Retrieved via Wayback Machine and ts/15347 Copenhagen.pdf -2009-the-prospects-for-copenhagen-report.Works Cited: Secondary Sources“U.S. Chamber of Commerce.” Desmog. About the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce. er-ofcommerce.Katz, Alyssa. The Influence Machine: the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the Corporate Capture of American Life. Spiegel & Grau,2015.Brulle, Robert. “Networks of Opposition: A Structural Analysis of U.S. Climate Change Countermovement Coalitions 1989– 2015.”Sociological Inquiry. October 21, 2019. in.12333.“Trade Groups and Their Carbon Footprints.” Influence Map. September 2019. f6e6.Dunlap, R.E and A.M. McCright. “Challenging climate change: The denial countermovement.” Climate Change and Society:Sociological Perspectives, Ch. 10. Oxford.Brulle, Robert. “Institutionalizing delay: foundation funding and the creation of US climate changecounter-movement organizations.” Climatic Change, 122, 681-694. 2014.McGarity, T.O. “The Disruptive Politics of Climate Disruption.” Nova Law Review, 38, 3, 393-471. 2014.Farrell, Justin. “Corporate funding and ideological polarization about climate change.” PNAS, 113, 1. 92-97. 2016.Christopher Guith, Neil Bradly, & Chuck Chaitovitz. Personal Interview. U.S. Chamber of Commerce Headquarters, November 29,2018.“Global Climate Coalition.” Desmog. n.“GCC Board and General Membership Lists.” Climate .Jones, Caroline et. al. “Countermovement Coalitions: Cliamte Denialist Organizational Profiles.” Brown University Cliamte andDevelopment Lab. 2019. fNorris, Floyd. “Does the 'Voice of Business' Think the Bill of Rights Covers Insider Tips?” New York Times. Feb 04 2005. Accessedvia Proquest Historical Newspapers April 11, 2021.“The Gilded Chamber.” Public Citizen. February 6, 2014. ions-report.pdf.Goffman, Erving. The Presentation of Self In Everyday Life. 1st Anchor Books ed. New York: Anchor Books, 1959.31Chamber of Obstruction: CDL Research Report June 2021. FINAL
Wetts, Rachel. “Module 7.” Methods for Interdisciplinary Environmental Research. Institute at Brown for Environment and Society,Fall 2020.Benford, Robert D. & David A. Snow. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review ofSociology, 26, pp. 611-639. 2000.Lamb, William et. al. “Discourses of climate delay.” Global Sustainability, 3, e17, 1–5. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/sus.2020.13.“Global Climate Coalition: Climate Denial Legacy Follows Corporations.” Climate Investigations Center. April 25, ate-coalition-industry-climate-denial/.“William Kovacs,” LinkedIn. dangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases Under the Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act,” UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency. -section-202a-cleanJohn Cook et al. “Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in scientific literature.” Environmental Research. May13, 2013, pp. 1, 3. 6/8/2/024024/pdf;jsessionid .iop.orgGunther, Marc. “The U.S. Chamber’s Climate Blunders.” GreenBiz. October 7, 2009. e-blunders.Lizza, Ryan. “As the World Burns.” The New Yorker. October 11, 2020 Issue. e-world-burnsMeyer, David S. & Debra C. Minkoff. “Conceptualizing Political Opportunity.” Social Forces, 82, 4, 1457-1492. 2004.Meyer, David S. & Suzanne Staggenborg. “Movements, Countermovements, and the Structure of Political Opportunity.” AJS, 101, 6,1628-60. 1996.Anderson, Dave. “‘Hell To Pay’ if Trump targets EPA climate science, says U.S. Chamber official.” Energy and Policy Institute.September 13, 2017. ters Staff. “After skepticism, U.S. Chamber of Commerce forms climate change task force.” Reuters. September 24, H.Mounteer, Paul. “Comprehensive Federal Legislation to Regulate Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” Environmental Law Institute. rce/PDFs/2130.pdf.Johnson, Brad. “U.S. Chamber of Commerce calls for ‘Scopes Monkey Trial’ on climate change.” Grist. August 26, 2Chamber of Obstruction: CDL Research Report June 2021. FINAL
Jun 29, 2021 · The United States Chamber of Commerce (“U.S. Chamber” or simply, “the Chamber”) is arguably the most powerful non-government political influence organization in Washington, D.C. The Chamber’s columned headquarters stand tall and ornate,
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
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A small bowel obstruction (SBO) or large bowel obstruction (LBO) are due to: – Mechanical obstruction: presence of a physical barrier inhibiting passage of bowel contents. – Simple obstruction: complete or partial blockage of flow without vascular compromise – Closed loop: 2 points of complete obstruction typically due to a twist in .
