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Life Science Unit:What are living thingsmade of?Cells, Tissues,Organs, and Systems

Living Things A living thing is an organism. Many organisms have a body withdifferent parts. A structure is a body part that does acertain job for an organism. The function of a structure is the job itdoes for the organism.

What are living things? Most living things share certain characteristics. They all have basic needs for food, water,a place to live, and oxygen. They are made up of cells, the building blocksof living things. They are made up of parts that have specificjobs to help keep them alive.

Living things havefive basic life functions: Grow and develop Use energy (they get energy by eatingor making food) Reproduce (make more of their ownkind) Respond to the environment Get rid of waste

Cells All organisms are made of cells. A cell is the smallest unit of living matter; thebasic unit of life. Some kinds of organisms, like bacteria, aremade of only one cell. Other types of organisms, like people and trees,are made up of trillions of cells.

Many-Celled Organisms havedifferent types of cells Animals have: Bone cellsNerve cellsMuscle cellsBlood cellsPlants have: Leaf Cells Root Cells

How are organisms organized?Many-celled organisms are organized in cells, tissues,organs, and organ systems.Cells: Animals and plants are many-celledorganisms. Animals are made up of many kinds ofcells. You are made of blood cells, bone cells,skin cells, and many others. A plant also has different cells in its roots,stems, and leaves.

Tissues: In your body, a single skin cell or blood cell does notwork alone. Cells work together in groups called tissues. A tissue is a group of similar cells that work togethercarrying out a certain job. For example, skin cells work together as skin tissue thatcovers and protects your body. Other kinds of tissue in ananimal’s body include muscle, bone, nerve and blood. Plant cells are also organized into tissues. For example, leaves of plants are made of tissues that help theplant make food.

OrgansThroughout your body, tissues are groupedtogether so they can work together. An organ is a group of tissues that work together doingcertain jobs. Roots, stems, and leaves are organs of a plant. A leaf is an organ that makes food for the plant. The roots of a plant are the main organ in the root system of aplant. The heart, lungs, and brain are examples of animalorgans. Your heart is an organ: It contains muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and blood tissue. Its job is to pump blood throughout your body.

Organ SystemsOrgan systems work together so life processes likebreathing and digestion can be carried out, keeping manycelled organisms, like you, healthy and alive. When a group of parts work together, they form asystem. A group of organs working together to carry out aspecific life function is called an organ system. A plant’s roots, stem, and leaves are an organ system. Your digestive system is an organ system: It contains your mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and largeintestines, and liver. Digestion breaks down food and absorbs nutrients you need tolive.

Cells, Tissues, Organs,and Systems A cell is the smallest unit of living matter;the building blocks of living things. Tissues are groups of cells workingtogether to perform a certain job. Organs are groups of tissues thatperform a certain function. Organs working together to carry out acertain life function are an organ system.

How are organisms organized? Many-celled organisms are organized in cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Cells: Animals and plants are many-celled organisms. Animals are made up of many kinds of cells. You are made of blood cells, bone cells, skin cells, and many others. A plant also has different cells in its roots, stems, and leaves.

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