LESSON 1 - INTRODUCTION TO FLIGHT - AOPA
Stage One: Pre-soloLESSON 1 - INTRODUCTION TO FLIGHTLESSON OBJECTIVESFamiliarize student with the privileges, obligations and responsibilities of a private pilot. Introduce student to the airplane andpreflight and postflight procedures, use of checklists and safety precautions. Familiarize student with the effect and use offlight controls, practice area and local airport.DISCUSSION / REVIEWTraining and course requirementsRequired aircraft documentsFitness/health for flight (I’M SAFE)Ground safetyAirplane servicingWeather briefing basicsINTRODUCEPreflight proceduresUse of checklistsAirplane systems and operationsEquipment checksLocation of emergency equipmentGround operations / communicationsEngine starting and runupTaxiingPre-takeoff checklistNormal takeoff and climbClimbs and climbing turnsLevel offStraight and level flightUse of trimShallow / medium banked turns in both directionsNormal approach and landingPostflight proceduresCOMPLETION STANDARDSThe student will display a basic understanding of aircraft systems, use of checklists, and both pre- and post-flightprocedures. The student will be familiar with the control systems and how they are used to maneuver the airplane on theground and in the air.HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTPrior to Lesson 2, Four Fundamentals of Flight:Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Principles of Flight (Ch. 3)Airplane Flying Handbook Ground Operations (Ch. 2) Basic Flight Maneuvers (Ch. 3)AIM Sections 5-5-8; 8-1-6; 8-1-8FAR Sections 61.3; 61.23; 61.51(i); 61.57 subpart E;sections 91.203; 91.9Compliments of AOPA and Flight Training421 Aviation Way Frederick, MD 21701 1-800-USA-2672 ft.aopa.org cfiresources.aopa.org/tools
Stage One: Pre-soloLESSON 2 – FOUR FUNDAMENTALS OF FLIGHTLESSON OBJECTIVESThe student will develop skills and gain proficiency in performing the four basic flight maneuvers (straight-and-level, turns,climbs and descents). Introduce student to radio communication procedures and ground reference maneuvers.DISCUSSION / REVIEWPreflight activitiesGround operationsGround communicationsWeather factorsFlight instruments and their purposeCollision avoidance precautionsTraining area and minimum altitudesINTRODUCECockpit managementRadio communications proceduresAirport / runway markings / lightingTraffic pattern entry and departure proceduresStraight and level flightClimbs and climbing turns Cruise Best rate of climb (Vy) Best angle of climb (Vx)Turns to headingsDescents and descending turns Cruise descent Traffic pattern descent Power-off glideLevel off from climbs and descentsTorque effectsNormal approach and landingsCOMPLETION STANDARDSThe student will have knowledge of aircraft systems and the necessity of checking their operation before flight. The studentwill be familiar with the control systems and how they are used to maneuver the airplane on the ground and in the air. Thestudent will be able to perform takeoffs with instructor assistance.HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTPrior to Lesson 3, Basic Instrument Maneuvers:Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Principles of Flight (Ch. 3) Aerodynamics of Flight (Ch. 4)Airplane Flying Handbook Integrated Flight Instruction (Ch. 3, p. 3)Compliments of AOPA and Flight Training421 Aviation Way Frederick, MD 21701 1-800-USA-2672 ft.aopa.org cfiresources.aopa.org/tools
Stage One: Pre-soloLESSON 3 – BASIC & INSTRUMENT MANEUVERSOBJECTIVESImprove student’s proficiency in the four fundamentals of flight and introduce student to basic instrument maneuvers.DISCUSSION / REVIEWCollision-avoidance proceduresFlight instruments and their purposeINTRODUCETaxiing in a crosswindAttitude instrument flyingStraight-and-level flightStraight, constant airspeed climbsStraight, constant airspeed descentSlow flightTurns to a headingCOMPLETION STANDARDSThe student will be able to perform takeoffs with instructor assistance. Preflight activities are accurately conducted and thestudent displays an increased understanding and proficiency in coordinated airplane control. The student should be familiarwith the control usage necessary to maintain an altitude within 250 feet during airspeed changes. The student understandsthe basic instrument maneuvers.HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTPrior to Lesson 4, Slow Flight and Stalls:Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Aircraft Structure (Ch. 2) Aerodynamics of Flight (Ch. 3) Stalls (Ch. 4-22, 4-32) Airspeed (Ch. 8-2)Airplane Flying Handbook Slow Flight, Stalls and Spins (Ch. 4)Compliments of AOPA and Flight Training421 Aviation Way Frederick, MD 21701 1-800-USA-2672 ft.aopa.org cfiresources.aopa.org/tools
Stage One: Pre-soloLESSON 4 – SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLSOBJECTIVESThe student will review airspeed control maneuvers, demonstrate increased proficiency in performing slow flight, and beintroduced to stalls from various flight conditions to increase understanding of airplane control during normal and criticalflight conditions.DISCUSSION / REVIEWFundamentals of slow flight and stallsSpin awarenessINTRODUCEFlights at various airspeeds from cruise to slow flightManeuvering during slow flight emphasizing correct use of rudder to negate increased adverse yaw at slow airspeedsPower-off stalls recognition and recoveryPower-on stalls recognition and recoveryDescents with and without using high and low drag configurationCOMPLETION STANDARDSStudent demonstrates correct communications and traffic pattern procedures. Proficient in preflight inspection, engine startup, taxi, pre-takeoff check, and postflight procedures without instructor assistance. Displays understanding of slow flight,indications of approaching stall, proper recovery procedures, and conditions necessary for a spin to occur. Altitude, heading,and airspeed at or near PTS standards.HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTPrior to Lesson 5, Emergency Procedures:Airplane Flying Handbook Emergency Procedures (Ch. 16)Aeronautical Information Manual Emergency Procedures (Ch. 6)Pilot’s Operating Handbook Review emergency procedures and checklistsCompliments of AOPA and Flight Training421 Aviation Way Frederick, MD 21701 1-800-USA-2672 ft.aopa.org cfiresources.aopa.org/tools
Stage One: Pre-soloLESSON 5 – EMERGENCY PROCEDURESOBJECTIVESThe student will practice the maneuvers from the previous lesson to gain additional proficiency and demonstrate the abilityto recognize and recover from imminent and full stalls. The student will also gain an understanding of emergency operationsand an increased understanding of slow flight and stall recognition and recovery.DISCUSSION / REVIEWTypes of possible emergenciesEmergency procedures (checklists)Use of all available resources in an emergency situationHuman factors and symptomsEmergency equipment and survival gearINTRODUCEEmergency approach and landingEmergency descentsSystems and equipment malfunctionsEngine failure in different segments of flight and aircraft configurationsRecovery from bouncing and ballooning during landingBalked landings (go-arounds)COMPLETION STANDARDSThe student displays increased proficiency with control of airplane and performs unassisted takeoffs. The student is familiarwith the procedures used during emergency approach and landing situations. The student also demonstrates appropriateprocedures for stall set-up and recovery and improved performance with regard to maneuvering at critically slow airspeed.The student performs landings with minimal instructor assistance.HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTPrior to Lesson 6, Steep Turns / Ground Reference Maneuvers:Airplane Flying Handbook Ground Reference Maneuvers (Ch. 6) Performance Maneuvers (Ch. 9-1)Compliments of AOPA and Flight Training421 Aviation Way Frederick, MD 21701 1-800-USA-2672 ft.aopa.org cfiresources.aopa.org/tools
Stage One: Pre-soloLESSON 6 – STEEP TURNS / GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERSOBJECTIVESThe student will gain proficiency in ground reference maneuvers, steep turns and full stalls. Maneuvering at critically slowairspeeds is introduced by instrument reference.DISCUSSION / REVIEWIntegrated flightFundamentals of ground reference maneuversINTRODUCESteep turns (IR)Rectangular coursesS-turns across a roadTurns around a pointManeuvering at critically slow airspeeds (IR)Power-off stalls (full)Power-on stalls (full)Wake turbulence avoidanceCOMPLETION STANDARDSThe student displays proper entry procedures and understands how to maintain a specific ground track during performing ofground reference maneuvers. Demonstrates increased proficiency in emergency procedures. Altitude, airspeed and headingwithin PTS standards during straight and level flight.HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTPrior to Lesson 7, Slips/Crosswind Landings and Takeoffs:Airplane Flying Handbook Crosswind Takeoff (Ch. 5, p.5) Crosswind Approach and Landing (Ch. 8)Review previously assigned reading materialMEWORK ASSIGNMENTCompliments of AOPA and Flight Training421 Aviation Way Frederick, MD 21701 1-800-USA-2672 ft.aopa.org cfiresources.aopa.org/tools
Stage One: Pre-soloLESSON 7 – SLIPS / CROSSWIND LANDINGS & TAKEOFFSOBJECTIVESThis lesson is a review of previous lessons in order for the student to gain proficiency in basic flight maneuvers and increasethe student’s comfort level with the airplane in various segments of flight. Additionally, crosswind takeoffs and landings areintroduced so the student may begin to learn these procedures during varying wind conditions.DISCUSSION / REVIEWPilot-in-command (PIC) responsibility andauthorityElements of basic instrument maneuversNormal and crosswind takeoffs and landingsTraffic pattern operationsRadio phraseologyManeuvering during slow flightPower-off stallPower-on stallSteep turnsEmergency approach and landingsGround reference maneuversRecovery from faulty approaches and landingsGo-arounds from a rejected landing, go-aroundsfrom final approach and from the landing flare invarious configurations, including turnsWake turbulence avoidanceINTRODUCEForward slip to a landingSideslip to a landingCrosswind takeoff and climbCrosswind approach and landingsATC light signalsForced landing procedures initiated at take-off, during initial climb, cruise, descents, and in the landing pattern.COMPLETION STANDARDSThe student will initiate a timely recovery from full stalls in takeoff and landing configurations; determine wind direction andmake appropriate corrections in the traffic pattern; demonstrate an understanding of how the slip is used to performcrosswind landings; and make sound judgments as to the necessity for a go-around.HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTPrior to Lesson 8, Traffic Pattern Review:AIM Airport Operations (Section 4.3)Airplane Flying Handbook Airport Traffic Patterns (Ch. 7)MEWORK ASSIGNMENTCompliments of AOPA and Flight Training421 Aviation Way Frederick, MD 21701 1-800-USA-2672 ft.aopa.org cfiresources.aopa.org/tools
Stage One: Pre-soloLESSON 8 – TRAFFIC PATTERN REVIEWOBJECTIVESThis lesson is a review of material from previous lessons, with the goal to perfect traffic pattern operations and practicetakeoffs and landings.DISCUSSION / REVIEWTraffic pattern operationsRadio phraseologyINTRODUCETraffic pattern engine-out proceduresControlled / uncontrolled field operationsCOMPLETION STANDARDSThe student performs takeoffs and landings without assistance from instructor. Enters traffic pattern properly and maintainsproper ground track, adjusting for traffic and wind. Shows awareness of surrounding traffic.HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTPrior to Lesson 9, Maneuvers Review:Airplane Flying Handbook Takeoffs and Departure Climbs (Ch. 5) Approaches and Landings (Ch. 8)Review Pilot’s Operating HandbookCompliments of AOPA and Flight Training421 Aviation Way Frederick, MD 21701 1-800-USA-2672 ft.aopa.org cfiresources.aopa.org/tools
Stage One: Pre-soloLESSON 9 – MANEUVERS REVIEWOBJECTIVESDuring the lesson the student will practice the review maneuvers to gain proficiency.DISCUSSION / REVIEWWeather informationPerformance / limitationsAeromedical factorsGo-arounds from a rejected landingForward slips to landingsSideslips to a landingCrosswind takeoff and climbCrosswind approach and landingsForced landing procedures initiated at take-off, during initial climb, cruise, descents, and in the landing patternCOMPLETION STANDARDSThe student will be able to fly the above maneuvers to the proficiency level prescribed by the PTS with instructor critiqueand suggested methods to overcome deficiencies.HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTPrior to Lesson 10, Instrument Flight Maneuvers:Instrument Flying Handbook Chapter 5Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 6 (discussion of inclinometers)Compliments of AOPA and Flight Training421 Aviation Way Frederick, MD 21701 1-800-USA-2672 ft.aopa.org cfiresources.aopa.org/tools
Stage One: Pre-soloLESSON 10 – INSTRUMENT FLIGHT MANEUVERSOBJECTIVESDuring this lesson, the student will practice instrument flight maneuvers, and takeoffs and landings in preparation for soloflight.DISCUSSION / REVIEWStraight-and-level flight (VR-IR)Steep turns (VR-IR)Straight, constant airspeed descents (VR-IR)Climbing and descending turnsTurns to headings (IR)Crosswind takeoff and climbCrosswind approach and landingGo-around from a rejected landingForward slips to landingSideslips to a landingEmergency approach and landingATC light signalsForced landing procedures initiated at takeoff, during initial climb, cruise, descents, and in the landing patternCOMPLETION STANDARDSThe student demonstrates increased skill in instrument scan and interpretation during instrument flight. Conducts takeoffs,landings, and go-arounds without the instructor’s assistance.Demonstrates readiness for solo flight in the traffic pattern.Indicates thorough understanding of local airport and airspace rules, as well as systems and equipment malfunctions.Demonstrates mature PIC decision-making ability.HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTPrior to Lesson 11, Pre-Solo Preparation:Federal Aviation Regulations Review 14 CFR 61.87 – Solo requirements for student pilotsReview airport/facilities directory data on airport at which solo will occurPractice getting weather briefings and evaluating suitability of conditionsCompliments of AOPA and Flight Training421 Aviation Way Frederick, MD 21701 1-800-USA-2672 ft.aopa.org cfiresources.aopa.org/tools
Stage One: Pre-soloLESSON 11 – PRE-SOLO PREPARATIONOBJECTIVESThe instructor will evaluate the student’s progress to determine readiness for solo flight, present the presolo quiz and correctany faulty performance areas.DISCUSSION / REVIEWOperation of systemsPreflight inspectionEngine startingRadio communicationsNormal and crosswind taxiingPre-takeoff checkNormal and crosswind takeoffPower-off stalls (full)Power-on stalls (full)Maneuvering at critically slow airspeedsClimbing and descending turnsStraight-and-level flightTurns to headingsStalls and recoverySpin awarenessSteep turnsGround reference maneuversSystems and equipment malfunctionsEmergency proceduresTraffic patternsForward slips to landingGo-arounds from rejected landingsNormal and crosswind approach and landingPIC responsibility and authorityFlight by reference to instrumentsForced landing proceduresCOMPLETION STANDARDSThe student demonstrates readiness for solo flight in the traffic pattern. Indicates good understanding of local airport andairspace rules, and systems and equipment malfunctions. Demonstrates mature PIC decision-making authority as well ascompetence and proficiency levels for the relevant maneuvers prescribed in the PTS.HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTPrior to Lesson 12, First Solo:Read Federal Aviation Regulations on solo requirements for student pilots, § 61.87Review the airport/facilities directory data on airport where solo will occurReview operating limitations in the POHCompliments of AOPA and Flight Training421 Aviation Way Frederick, MD 21701 1-800-USA-2672 ft.aopa.org cfiresources.aopa.org/tools
Stage One: Pre-soloLESSON 12 – FIRST SOLOOBJECTIVESPrior to this flight, the instructor will have administered the presolo written exam. During the dual portion of the lesson, theinstructor will review takeoff and landing procedures to check the student’s readiness for solo flight; in the second portion ofthe lesson, the student will conduct the first solo flight in the local traffic pattern.DISCUSSION / REVIEWStudent questionsEndorse logbook and student pilot certificateEngine startingRadio communicationsNormal and/or crosswind taxiPre-takeoff checkNormal takeoffsTraffic pattern operationsGo-around from a rejected landingNormal landingsPreflight preparations and proceduresAirport operationsRadio communicationsTaxiPre-takeoff checkNormal takeoffs and climbsTraffic pattern operationsNormal approaches and landingsEmergency proceduresSupervised soloPostflight proceduresCOMPLETION STANDARDSThe student successfully accomplishes a supervised solo as directed by the instructor. At no time was the safety of the flightin question.HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTReview previously assigned reading materialCompliments of AOPA and Flight Training421 Aviation Way Frederick, MD 21701 1-800-USA-2672 ft.aopa.org cfiresources.aopa.org/tools
Stage One: Pre-soloLESSON 13 – STAGE CHECKOBJECTIVESThe instructor evaluates the student’s solo abilities to determine if the student can safely depart the traffic pattern, conductsolo flights in the practice area and exercise the privileges associated with solo operation of the aircraft, and return to theairport and land without instructor assistance.REVIEW - DUALConfirm students’ awareness of local practice areaboundariesRandom V speeds and systems operationHuman factors checklistBasic aerodynamicsAirspace and use of chartsDescription of maneuversStudent pilot limitations and privilegesAirport proceduresPerformance criteriaRunway incursion avoidanceWake turbulence avoidanceManeuvering during slow flightCollision avoidance precautionsStall / spin awareness and recoveryGo-aroundsEn route emergency proceduresEmergency approach and landingS-turnsForward slip to a landingRadio communicationsRadio and systems failureFlight by reference to instrumentsREVIEW - SOLORadio communicationsPower-off stalls and recoveryNormal and crosswind takeoff and climbTraffic patternNormal and crosswind approach and landingPostflight proceduresCOMPLETION STANDARDSThis lesson and Stage One are complete when the student can competently perform preflight duties and all otherprocedures necessary for the safe conduct of solo flights in the local practice area. Demonstrates the ability to departairport, find local practice area, and return to the airport without the instructor’s assistance. At the discretion of the instructor,any remedial training may be given to correct for poor techniques in executing any of the above maneuvers, navigation andcommunication techniques.HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTPrior to Lesson 14, Performance Takeoffs and Landings:Airplane Flying Handbook Review Takeoff and Departure Climbs (Ch. 5) and Approaches and Landings (Ch. 8)Review the Pilot’s Operating Handbook procedures for short- and soft-field operationsCompliments of AOPA and Flight Training421 Aviation Way Frederick, MD 21701 1-800-USA-2672 ft.aopa.org cfiresources.aopa.org/tools
Stage Two: SoloLESSON 14 – PERFORMANCE TAKEOFFS AND LANDINGSOBJECTIVESThe student will learn to obtain the maximum takeoff and landing performance from the training aircraft. The student will beintroduced to varying runway conditions and develop skill during takeoff and landing.REVIEW - DUALPerformance computationElements related to performance takeoffs and landingsRectangular coursesTurns around a pointS-turns across a roadManeuvering at critically slow airspeedsFlight at slow airspeeds with realistic distractionsRecognition of the danger of low level stalls and the completion standardsINTRODUCEShort-field takeoff and climbSoft-field takeoff and climbShort-field approach and landingSoft-field approach and landingCOMPLETION STANDARDSThe student is able to explain what runway conditions n
Familiarize student with the privileges, obligations and responsibilities of a private pilot. Introduce student to the airplane and preflight and postflight procedures, use of checklists and safety precautions. Familiarize student with the effect and use of flight controls, practice area and local airport. DISCUSSION / REVIEW
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Lesson 41 Day 1 - Draft LESSON 42 - DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH Lesson 42 Day 1 - Revise Lesson 42 Day 1 - Final Draft Lesson 42 - Extra Practice LESSON 43 - EXPOSITORY PARAGRAPH Lesson 43 Day 1 - Brainstorm Lesson 43 Day 1 - Organize Lesson 43 Day 1 - Draft LESSON 44 - EXPOSITORY PARAGRAPH Lesson 44 Day 1 - Revise
‘757 Captain’ Sim FLIGHT MANUAL Part III – Normal Procedures DO NOT USE FOR FLIGHT AMPLIFIED PROCEDURES EXTERIOR INSPECTION Prior to each flight, a flight crew member or the maintenance crew must verify the airplane is acceptable for flight. Check: - Flight control surfaces unobstructed and all surfaces clear of ice, snow, or frost.
means before the flight becomes official. A flight of less than 60 seconds duration will be considered a delayed flight; one delayed flight shall be allowed for each of the five official flights. After a delayed flight, the next launch shall result in an official flight being recorde
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