Upper Extremity

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ShoulderThe bony anatomy of the shoulder girdle includesthe:

3D CT of shoulder girdle.

Coronal oblique, T1-weighted MRI of right shoulder withacromioclavicular joint.

Axial CT of right shoulder, post-arthrogram.

Elbowthe humerus radiusulnaradiusulna

radioulnarradiohumeralradiohumeralulnohumeral

Coronal, T1-weighted MRI of left elbow.

Sagittal, T1-weighted MRI of elbow with proximal radius.

Sagittal, T1-weighted MRI of elbow with proximal ulna.

Axial CT of left elbow.

Joint capsule and fat pads:joint capsulefat pads

Axial CT of right elbow with fat pads.

Ligaments of the elbow joint:the collateral ligaments

Coronal, T1-weighted MRI of left elbow with collateralligaments.

Wrist and Handproximaldistal rows

CapitatesHamate

The joints of the wrist and hand consist of thefollowing:

3D CT of wrist, Palmar aspect.

Axial CT of wrist with distal carpals.

Axial CT of wrist, midcarpals.

Coronal CT reformat of wrist with proximal and distal carpals.

Ligaments of the wrist joint:extrinsic ligamentsthe intercarpal ligamentsintrinsic ligaments,

The carpal tunnel is created by the concavearrangement of the carpal bones.A thick ligamentous band called the flexorretinaculum (Transverse carpal ligament)stretches across the carpal tunnel to create anenclosure for the passage of tendons and themedian nerve.Dr. Ahmed Alsharef Farah 25

Dr. Ahmed Alsharef Farah263D CT of carpal tunnel.

The primary arteries supplying the shoulderregion include the axillary and brachialarteries.The axillary artery begins at the lateral borderof the first rib as a continuation of thesubclavian artery.It ends at the inferior border of the teres majormuscle, where it passes into the arm and becomesthe brachial artery.Dr. Ahmed Alsharef FarahArterial Supply27

The brachial artery courses inferiorly on themedial side of the humerus and then continuesanterior to the cubital fossa and divides into theradial and ulnar arteries.The terminal branches of the radial and ulnararteries form the palmar arches of the wrist andhand.These arches emit branches that serve the wrist,palm, and digits.Dr. Ahmed Alsharef Farah 28

Dr. Ahmed Alsharef Farah293D CT of axillary artery.

Dr. Ahmed Alsharef Farah303D CT of brachial artery.

Dr. Ahmed Alsharef Farah313D CT of radial and ulnar arteries.

The veins of the upper extremity are divided intodeep and superficial groups.Numerous anastomosis occur between thegroups.The deep and superficial palmer venous archesof the hand empty into the radial and ulnarveins that then unite to form the brachial vein ofthe arm.Dr. Ahmed Alsharef FarahVenous Drainage32

The brachial veins end in the axillary vein nearthe lower margin of the subscapularis muscle.The large axillary vein extends from the lowerborder of the teres major muscle to the lateralsurface of the first rib to continue as thesubclavian vein.Dr. Ahmed Alsharef Farah 33

The joints of the wrist and hand consist of the following: Distal radioulnar articulation. Radiocarpal articulation (Proximal joint of hand). Midcarpal articulation (Distal joint of hand). Intercarpal articulations (Articulations between proximal and distal carpals). Carpometacarpal

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