French Revolution And Napoleon, 1789-1815
French Revolution and Napoleon,1789-1815
-revolution#origins-of-the-frenchrevolution
Section 1The French Revolution Begins Main Idea-Economic and socialinequalities in the OldRegime helped cause theFrench Revolution. Why It Matters Now-Throughout history,economic and socialinequalities have at timesled peoples to revolt againsttheir governments.
Introduction France was the center of theEnlightenment– Prosperous trading practices– Widely praised culture– High prices and taxes helps createcivil unrest The Old Regime (Ancien Régime)– System of feudalism thatcontained 3 social classes
Old Regime First Estate– Clergy– Paid no taxes Second Estate– Rich Nobles– Paid no taxes Third Estate– Everyone else– From peasants and urban workers tothe middle class with teachers,doctors, and lawyers– Made up 97% of the population– Few privileges and huge tax burden
Who’s in charge here? King Louis XVI and Queen MarieAntoinette High Taxes damage the economy in1780s Had to pay for their part of theAmerican Revolution and 7 Years War Inherited a huge debt Kept spending extravagantly Banks refuse to lend more money Disinterest in ruling which leads topoor leadership High grain prices due to bad harvestscreated a starving population
Louis XVI Calls Estates-General Attempt to fix the economywith a meeting of the 3estates through raising of anew tax 3rd Estate wants changeswhich the King refuses New legislature issuggested by the 3rd Estate
National Assembly Pass laws and reforms inthe name of the Frenchpeople First steps towardsrevolution Louis locks them out of thebuilding Tennis Court Oath, 1789– Pledge to meet until a NewConstitution is written
Storming the Bastille Bastille is acastle/prison/armory– Symbol of oppression July 14, 1789 Started by rumors thatLouis XVI wanted to shutdown the NationalAssembly as well as attackby foreign invaders Mob attacks to getweapons and kills guards
Great Fear and the Women’s March Rumors and panic spread Attacks by peasants todestroy legally bindingpapers Women march onVersailles due to risingbread costs– Want to force Louis XVI toreturn to Paris fromVersailles
History Channel French RevolutionSong
1. Why were the members of the third estate dissatisfiedwith life under the Old Regime?2. How did Louis XVI’s weak leadership contribute to thegrowing crisis in France?3. How did the purpose of the meeting of the EstatesGeneral in 1789 change?4. Were changes in the French government inevitable?Explain.5. Why do you think some members of the first and secondestates joined the National Assembly and worked toreform the government?6. How were the storming of the Bastille and the women’smarch on Versailles similar? How were they different?
Section 2: Revolution Brings Reformand Terror Main Idea-The revolutionarygovernment of Francemade reforms but alsoused terror and violenceto retain power. Why It Matters Now-Some governments thatlack the support of amajority of their peoplestill use fear to controltheir citizens.
Assembly Reforms France National Assembly adopts the Declarationof Rights of Man and of the Citizen Men (not women) are “Born and remainfree and equal in rights” “Natural rights of man; these rights areliberty, property, security, and resistanceto oppression” “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” To pay debt Assembly seizes church lands– Turns clergy into public officials Civil Constitution of the Clergy Alarms peasants, who are devoutCatholics– Drives a wedge between peasants and theAssembly
Louis Flees Louis XVI tries to flee France– Fears for his future– Revolutionaries catch him nearthe Netherlands border National Assembly establishesa limited ConstitutionalMonarchy– Leaves Louis XVI with onlyexecutive powers– Only men over 25, certain taxescould vote– Still only wealthy serve ingovernment but no longer justnoble
Legislative Assembly Legislative Assembly hasthe power to create lawsand approve or prevent anywar the King may declare
Divisions Develop Changing governments doesn’t solve problems Debt and food shortages still exist 3 groups develop within the National Assembly– Radicals Wanted sweeping changes– Moderates Wanted some changes– Conservatives Wanted few changes Outside the legislature divisions deepen– Emigres Nobles who fled France and wanted to undo theRevolution– Parisian wage earners Wanted the revolution expand Known as Sans-Culottes
War and Execution European countries watchedFrance– Didn’t want revolution to spread Austria and Prussia urged Franceto restore Louis XVI France responds by declaring war– War goes badly for France– Prussian forces threaten Paris– Parisian mob throws royal family injail– Rumors spread jailed loyalists areplanning escape and taking over– Mob attacks jail and kills over 1,000people
France becomes a Republic Afraid of attack andRadicals the Assemblydissolves itself andabolishes Monarchy National Conventiontakes control
Radical Jacobins take control Jean-Paul Marat leaderadvocated the death ofeveryone who supported theking Under the new governmentLouis was just a commoncitizen Jacobins convict Louis oftreason and execute him Peasants horrified at theexecution of King, Priests,other political opponents
War Expands Great Britain,Holland andSpain joined inwar againstFrance
Maximilien Robespierre Set out to build a “Republic ofVirtue”– Dechristianize– Closes all churches– Days of the week and month Wanted to wipe out all traces ofMonarchy and Nobility Leads the Committee of PublicSafety and begins the Reign ofTerror
Reign of Terror To “protect” the Revolutionfrom its enemies Roughly 40,000 killed Most are former membersof the 3rd Estate Eventually he was arrestedand executed France has tired from theterror
Who was Robespierre working for?Deaths from the Reign of Terror1st and 2nd Estate3rd Estate
Directory More moderategovernment takes over Executive Branch 5 personDirectory– Trying to avoid dictatorship Became very corrupt anddepended on the militaryto stay in power whichleads to its downfall Has a 2 house legislativebranch
1. What major reforms did the national assemblyintroduce?2. What did the divisions in the Legislative Assembly sayabout the differences in French society?3. How did the reign of terror come to an end?4. How does the slogan “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”sum up the goals of the Revolution?5. What similarities and differences do you see betweenthe political factions in the legislative assembly andthose in the U.S. government today?6. What factors led to Robespierre becoming a dictator?
Reign of TerrorCentral Historical Question:Was the main goal of the Committee of PublicSafety to “protect the Revolution from itsenemies”?Keep one piece of paper for the two of you.
Was the main goal of the Committeeof Public Safety to “protect theRevolution from its enemies”? Read paragraph Discuss timeline Read Textbook Excerpt
Was the main goal of the Committee ofPublic Safety to “protect the Revolution fromits enemies”?1. According to the textbook, why did the Jacobins have somany enemies?2. Robespierre and his supporters created a new calendar.Why would they want to wipe out “every trace ofFrance’s past?”3. According to the textbook, Robespierre believed terrorhelped French citizens remain “true to the ideals of theRevolution.” What were the ideals of the FrenchRevolution? (Use what you already know about theFrench Revolution to answer the question).4. Based on the textbook excerpt, do you think theCommittee of Public Safety protected the Revolutionfrom its enemies? Explain your answer.
Was the main goal of the Committee ofPublic Safety to “protect the Revolution fromits enemies”? Read Document A1. (Contextualization) Why did the Committee of PublicSafety pass the Decree Against Profiteers?2. (Contextualization) Why did the Committee of PublicSafety consider monopoly to be such a serious crime?(Hint: Think back to the ideals of the French Revolution)3. What was the punishment for those who did not complywith this law?4. Based on the Decree Against Profiteers, do you think theCommittee of Public Safety protected the Revolutionfrom its enemies? Explain your answer.
Was the main goal of the Committee ofPublic Safety to “protect the Revolutionfrom its enemies”?Read Document B1. What was the main goal of the Law of Suspects?2. List two examples of people who would have beenconsidered suspects. Explain why the Committee ofPublic Safety would have considered them suspects.3. What might leaders of the Committee of PublicSafety have said to justify this law?4. Based on the Law of Suspects, do you think theCommittee of Public Safety protected theRevolution from its enemies? Explain your answer.
Individually working togetherThe Committee of Public Safety was established to protect theRevolution from its enemies. Based on the Decree AgainstProfiteers and the Law of Suspects, do you think theCommittee of Public Safety actually protected the Revolutionfrom its enemies?Write a paragraph using evidence from the documents tosupport your claims.You have 15 minutesProofread and make changes. You have 5 minutes
Often credited with originating the phrase “apicture is worth 1,000 words,” what Napoleonactually said, as quoted in L’Arche de Noé,was: “A good sketch is better than a longspeech.”
Napoleon Crossing the Alps
Napoleon's coup d'état. Detail of apainting by François Bouchot
Napoleon Crowning Himself Emperor
Napoleon Bonaparte Biography Work with a partner, 1 paper for the 2 of youDue at the end of the periodOn Printer PaperNapoleon Bonaparte-drawingEmpire-drawing2 quotes from Napoleon that sums him upsomewhere on the paper Maximum 30 word summary of who he was,what he did, and when he did it
Continuing the Cartoon Theme 10 panes (squares, rectangular objects)– Draw– Think of symbolism 10 word maximum summary not including the topic word(s) for each pane These all need to pertain to Napoleon––––––––––Napoleon’s BirthplaceNapoleon’s Early Military VictoriesCoup d’EtatPlebisciteLyceeConcordatNapoleonic CodeCoronation CeremonyLouisiana PurchaseBattle of Trafalgar
Napoleon Forges an Empire Main Idea-Napoleon Bonaparte, amilitary genius, seizedpower in France and madehimself emperor. Why It Matters Now-In times of politicalturmoil, military leadersoften seize control ofnations.
Napoleon Bonaparte Rises from relative obscurity– Born in Corsica– Attends Military School– Joins the Army Hero of the Hour– Defeats royalist rebels in 1795– Directory appoints Napoleoncommander of the armies– Wins victories in Italy andgains popularity– News of his losses in Egypt issuppressed
Coup d’Etat 1799 Directory loses control– No confidence by the people– Political chaos– Need for a strong leader Coup d’Etat– Sudden seizure of power– Napoleon uses army tosurround legislature– Establishes a group of 3Consuls
Napoleon Uses power to becomedictator Continues victories overBritish, Russians, andAustrians Solidifies powers with thePlebiscite (vote of thepeople) and establishes anew constitution whichmade him First Consul
Napoleon and Reform Kept many changes of theRevolution Support laws that strengthenedthe central government Worked to stabilize theeconomy– Sets up banking system– efficient tax collection Napoleonic Code– Uniform set of laws Lycees– Created government run schools
Kiss and Makeup With the Church Mends relations with theChurch Signed Concordat(agreement) with Church– Recognized influence ofChurch– Rejected Church control innational affairs– Gained popular supportwith majority of people
Napoleon crowns himself Emperor PopepresentsNapoleonwith thecrown Napoleoninsteadcrownshimself
Napoleon Creates an Empire Originally wanted an empire inAmerica as well Losses in Saint-Domingue forcehim to rethink Decides to sell the LouisianaTerritory for 15 Million Needed money to financeoperations in Europe Annoys British by assuring “thepower of the U.S.” War in Europe continues asBritain, Russia, Austria, andSweden joins forces– Napoleon crushes and forcespeace treaty
Napoleon Creates an Empire Battle of Trafalgar– British win naval battle– Forced to give up ideas of Britishinvasion– Assures the supremacy of BritishNavy for 100 years– Tried to find other ways to controlBritain– Eventually led to downfall French Empire– Napoleon controls most of Europe– Uses alliances and puppet rulers tocontrol– Empire at its largest 1807-1812
Youtube Discovery Conquerors: Napoleon Bonaparte
1. How did Napoleon become a hero in France?2. What did Napoleon consider his greatest triumph indomestic policy?3. How was Napoleon able to control the countriesneighboring in the French empire?4. In your opinion, was Napoleon the creator of the creationof his times?5. Napoleon had to deal with forces both inside and outsidethe French empire. Which area do you think was moreimportant to control?6. If you had been a member of the bourgeoisie, would youhave been satisfied with the results of napoleons actions?Explain.7. Yellow book 28 & 30
Napoleon’s Empire Collapses Main Idea-Napoleon’sconquests arousednationalisticfeelings acrossEurope andcontributed to hisdownfall. Why It Matters Now-In the 1990’s,nationalisticfeelings contributedto the breakup ofnations, such asYugoslavia.
Napoleon’s 3 Costly Mistakes Continental System Peninsular War Invasion of Russia
Continental System Economic plan tostrengthencontinental Europe Weaken Britain Blockade of Britain– Smugglers anduncooperative allies– Britain respondswith own blockade– Britain fights in Warof 1812 with nomajor damage
Peninsular War Portugal ignores Continental SystemNapoleon sends troops across SpainCauses big protestNapoleon makes his brother King ofSpain Spanish guerillas– small groups that attacked thendisappeared– British aid guerillas War lasts 5 years Napoleon loses 300,000 soldiers Other nationalist rebels fight the French
Invasion of Russia Relations with Russia break down Napoleon decides to invade June 1812 420,000 French troopsinvade Russia Russia used scorched-earth policy Napoleon finds Moscow burnt Stays for 5 weeks and Russia refusesto give up Orders army back to France Disease, wounds, exhaustion, andsevere cold Only 10,000 make it back
Napoleon’s Downfall Britain, Prussia,Sweden, Russia,and Austria joinforces Napoleon’s armydepleted– Lost over 710,000troops– Must recruitpoorly trainednon-veterans– Quickly defeated– Exiled to Elba Tiny island off thecoast of Italy
Napoleon’s End Louis XVIII crownedking- The Hundred DaysBegins Soon overthrown andNapoleon returns British and Prussianforces defeat France Battle of Waterloo Napoleon exiled to St.Helena Dies 6 years later
2nd half of Discovery Conquerors: NapoleonBonaparte
History Revolution Song #the-french-revolution
1. How did Great Britain combat Napoleon’s navalblockade?2. Why did Napoleon have trouble fighting the enemyforces in the Peninsular War?3. Why was Napoleon’s delay of the retreat fromMoscow such a great blunder?4. Why did some people resist Napoleon’s efforts tobuild an empire?5. Napoleon had no choice but to invade Russia. Do youagree with his statement? Why or why not?6. Do you think that Napoleon was a great leader?Explain.
Section 5:The Congress of Vienna Main Idea-After exiling Napoleon,European leaders at theCongress of Vienna tried torestore order andreestablish peace. Why It Matters Now-International bodies suchas the United Nations playan active role in trying tomaintain world peace andstability today.
The French Revolution and Napoleon’s rule leftEurope in turmoil. If you were a ruler in Europeafter Napoleons defeat, what would be the firstissue you would want to address and why?
1.Europe at war for 25 years2. An Economy3. Rulers deposed4. Napoleon gone-power vacuum5. Unstable governments6. Rising democracy
Congress of Vienna Series of meetings afterNapoleon was defeated– Collective security– Stability for Europe Prince Klemmens Von Metternich– Aristocrat against ideas of FrenchRevolution– Wanted to restore Europe’s royalfamilies– Foreign minister from Austria– Influential at the meeting– Believed in a balance of power No on country a threat to stability
Metternich’s Plan Containment of France– Kingdom of Netherlandsformed– Switzerland independent– Austria dominates GermanConfederation (39 Germanstates)– France is weakened but leftmostly intact Legitimacy– Monarchs deposed byNapoleon returned to thrones– Hopes to restore order
Legacy of Congress of Vienna All Europeangovernments gettogether Fair deals worked outto avoid war No country held agrudge Peace preserved for40 years Precursor to Leagueof Nations which isprecursor to UnitedNations
Alliances Formed Holy Alliance– Russia, Austria, Prussia– Pledge to fight revolutions,keep monarchies, and keepChristian values Concert of Europe– Metternich’s plan to preventrevolutions– Great Britain, Russia, Prussia,Austria, and later France– Nations help one another ifrevolutions broke out
Changes the World French Revolution permanentlychanges ideas about power andauthority Revolutions in Latin America (SimonBolivar) After Napoleon replaced the King ofSpain former colonies of Spain andPortugal rebelled and gainedindependence 18th century ideas were discardedand principles of equity and justiceprevailed Britain and Prussia gain power Nationalism grows and leads torevolutions
Comparing and Contrasting theAmerican Revolution with the FrenchRevolution American Revolution wanted self-governmentwhile France wants to completely change itsstyle Both favored representative governments French Revolution was bloodier(10x) andmore radical American Revolution created a lastingdocument and government (constitution)
Crash Course French Revolution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v k7cGyraI3PM&feature related
1. What were the three points of Metternich’s plan forEurope?2. Why was the Congress of Vienna considered asuccess?3. What was the long-term legacy of the Congress ofVienna?4. From France’s point of view were Congress ofVienna’s decision fair?5. What do you think is meant by the statement that theFrench revolution let the “genie out of the bottle”?6. Yellow book page 30 and 32
Read Metternich– Using evidence answer the question: What groupdoes Metternich fear most and why?– Write your answer on the back of the paper. Congress of Vienna Handout– Do Not Write on Handout– Each Student Needs to Complete the Paper– Groups of 2 or 3
tion . Section 1 The French Revolution Begins Main Idea -Economic and social inequalities in the Old Regime helped cause the French Revolution. Why It Matters Now . Frenc
French Revolution The and Napoleon The French Revolution 1789 1799 1799 Napoleon takes control of the French government. 1804 Napoleon crowns himself emperor of the French. 1799 The Rosetta Stone is found in Egypt. 1803 The United States makes the Louisiana Purchase. 1810 Simon Bolívar b
The French Revolution and Napoleon 1789–1815 Section 1 The French Revolution Begins Section 2 Radical Revolution Section 3 The Age of Napoleon FRANCE THE WORLD 1790 1800 MAKING CONNECTIONS What makes a nation? The Arc de Triomphe is one of the national symbols of France. It was commissioned by
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40.The French Revolution of 1789, the Chinese Revolution of 1911, and the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 were similar in that these revolutions A)increasing dissatisfaction of the Third Estate B)rise to power of Napoleon Bonaparte C)actions of Prince Metternich D)execution of Louis XVI 41.A primary cause of the French Revolution in 1789 was the
The French Revolution and Napoleon (1789-1815) 23-1 French Old Order Estates 1st Clergy, 1% 2nd Nobility, 2% 3rd Bourgeoisie, Workers 97% Calls for Change Third Estate pays ne
AP European History - Chapter 19 A Revolution in Politics: The French Revolution and Napoleon Class Notes & Critical Thinking 2 Focus Question: What were the main events of the French Revolution between 1789 and 1799? What role did each of the following play in the French Revolution: lawyers, peasants
Film: Serguei Bondarchuk: War & Peace Extra visit: Musée de la Légion d'Honneur Session 12 April 6 Empire II: Expansion and Fall Napoleon and the birth of European nationalism Readings: François Furet, Napoleon Bonaparte Bell, Chapter 5 & Epilogue Session 13 April 13 Napoleon I Empereur des Français: Napoleon's Legacy in France
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