U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services U.S. Department Of Housing .
U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Suggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and U.S. Departmentof Housing and Urban Development. Healthy housing reference manual. Atlanta:US Department of Health and Human Services; 2006.Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement bythe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Public Health Service,the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,or the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.Cover: Large photo by Teresa M. Sims; small photo by Don W. Johnson.Additional copies of this manual can be downloaded fromwww.cdc.gov/healthyhomes/publications.html
ContentsPreface. 1Acknowledgments. 3Abbreviations and Acronyms. 5Definitions. 7Standards and Organizations. 11Executive Summary. 15Chapter 1: Housing History and Purpose. 1-1Introduction.1-1Preurban Housing.1-1Ephemeral Dwellings. 1-1Episodic Dwellings. 1-1Periodic Dwellings. 1-1Seasonal Dwellings. 1-2Semipermanent Dwellings. 1-2Permanent Dwellings. 1-2Urbanization.1-2Trends in Housing.1-3References.1-7Additional Sources of Information .1-7Chapter 2: Basic Principles of Healthy Housing. 2-1Introduction.2-1Fundamental Physiologic Needs .2-1Fundamental Psychologic Needs.2-3Protection Against Disease .2-3Protection Against Injury.2-5Protection Against Fire.2-6Fire Extinguishers. 2-8Protection Against Toxic Gases.2-9References.2-9Additional Sources of Information .2-10Chapter 3: Housing Regulations. 3-1Introduction.3-1History .3-1Zoning, Housing Codes, and Building Codes.3-2Zoning and Zoning Ordinances. 3-3Exceptions to the Zoning Code. 3-5Housing Codes. 3-6Building Codes. 3-11References.3-12Additional Sources of Information.3-12Healthy Housing Reference ManualContentsiii
Chapter 4: Disease Vectors and Pests. 4-1Introduction.4-1Disease Vectors and Pests .4-1Rodents. 4-1Cockroaches . 4-4Fleas. 4-6Flies. 4-7Termites . 4-8Fire Ants. 4-12Mosquitoes . 4-15References .4-17Chapter 5: Indoor Air Pollutants and Toxic Materials. 5-1Introduction.5-1Indoor Air Pollution.5-1Biologic Pollutants. 5-1Chemical Pollutants. 5-6Toxic Materials.5-13Asbestos. 5-13Lead. 5-14Arsenic. 5-18References.5-19Chapter 6: Housing Structure. 6-1Introduction.6-1Foundation.6-7Vapor Barriers.6-9Crawl Space Vapor Barriers. 6-9Vapor Barriers for Concrete Slab Homes. 6-9Wall and Ceiling Vapor Barriers. 6-9House Framing.6-10Foundation Sills. 6-10Flooring Systems. 6-10Studs. 6-10Interior Walls. 6-10Stairways. 6-11Windows. 6-11Doors. 6-13Roof Framing.6-14Rafters. 6-14Collar Beam. 6-14Purlin. 6-14Ridge Board. 6-15Hip. 6-15ivContentsHealthy Housing Reference Manual
Roof Sheathing. 6-15Dormer. 6-15Roofs.6-15Asphalt Shingle. 6-15EPDM . 6-15Asphalt Built-up Roofs. 6-15Coal Tar Pitch Built-up Roofs. 6-15Slate Roofs. 6-15Tile Roofs. 6-15Copper Roofs. 6-15Galvanized Iron Roofs. 6-15Wood Shingle Roofs. 6-15Roof Flashing. 6-15Gutters and Leaders. 6-16Exterior Walls and Trim.6-16Putting It All Together.6-16References.6-21Additional Sources of Information.6-21Chapter 7: Environmental Barriers. 3Fiber Cement. 7-4Brick. 7-4Stucco. 7-4Vinyl . 7-4Asbestos. 7-5Metal. 7-5References.7-5Chapter 8: Rural Water Supplies and Water-quality Issues. 8-1Introduction.8-1Water Sources.8-1Source Location.8-2Well Construction.8-3Sanitary Design and Construction . 8-4Pump Selection. 8-4Dug and Drilled Wells.8-4Springs . 8-6Cisterns. 8-6Disinfection of Water Supplies.8-7Chlorine Carrier Solutions. 8-9Routine Water Chlorination (Simple). 8-9Healthy Housing Reference ManualContentsv
Well Water Shock Chlorination. 8-9Backflow, Back-siphonage, and Other Water Quality Problems.8-9Backflow. 8-9Back-Siphonage. 8-10Other Water Quality Problems. 8-10Protecting the Groundwater Supply .8-10References.8-10Additional Sources of Information.8-12Chapter 9: Plumbing. 9-1Introduction.9-1Elements of a Plumbing System .9-1Water Service. 9-1Hot and Cold Water Main Lines. 9-4Water Heaters. 9-7Drainage System. 9-8Corrosion Control.9-12Water Conservation.9-13Putting It All Together.9-14References.9-15Additional Sources of Information.9-16Chapter 10: On-site Wastewater Treatment. 10-1Introduction.10-1Treatment of Human Waste.10-1On-site Wastewater Treatment Systems.10-3Septic Tank Systems. 10-3Alternative Septic Tank Systems . 10-6Maintaining On-site Wastewater Treatment Systems.10-8Symptoms of Septic System Problems. 10-9Septic Tank Inspection. 10-9References.10-11Additional Sources of Information.10-11Chapter 11: Electricity. 11-1Introduction.11-1Flow of Electric Current.11-2Electric Service Entrance.11-3Service Drop. 11-3Underground Service. 11-4Electric Meter. 11-4Grounding.11-4Two- or Three-wire Electric Services.11-6Residential Wiring Adequacy.11-6Wire Sizes and Types.11-6viContentsHealthy Housing Reference Manual
Reducing Risk. 11-7Wire Sizes. 11-7Wire Types. 11-8Types of Cable.11-8Flexible Cords.11-8The Problem. 11-9The Standards. 11-9Safety Suggestions. 11-9Wiring.11-10Open Wiring.
of Housing and Urban Development. Healthy housing reference manual. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2006. . the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Cover: Large photo by Teresa M. Sims; small photo by Don W. Johnson. Additional copies of this manual can be .
Independent Personal Pronouns Personal Pronouns in Hebrew Person, Gender, Number Singular Person, Gender, Number Plural 3ms (he, it) א ִוה 3mp (they) Sֵה ,הַָּ֫ ֵה 3fs (she, it) א O ה 3fp (they) Uֵה , הַָּ֫ ֵה 2ms (you) הָּ תַא2mp (you all) Sֶּ תַא 2fs (you) ְ תַא 2fp (you
Men's health in Canada 19 Men's health in Denmark 25 Men's health in England & Wales 29 Men's health in Ireland 35 Men's health in Malaysia 41 Men's health in New Zealand 47 Men's health in Norway 53 Men's health in Scotland 59 Men's health in Switzerland 65 Men's health in the USA 69 Men's health in Europe: an overview 75
Aetna Better Health of Michigan Meridian Health Plan . Pre-Paid Inpatient Health Plan Southwest Michigan Behavioral Health . Molina Healthcare . Pre-Paid Inpatient Health Plan Detroit-Wayne Mental Health Authority . 11 . Region 9 - Macomb County . MI Health Link health plan options Aetna Better Health of Michigan .
baptist healthcare system, inc. d/b/a baptist health corbin, baptist health la grange, baptist health lexington, baptist health louisville, baptist health paducah, and baptist health floyd; and baptist health madisonville, inc. d/b/a baptist health madisonville; and baptist health richmond, inc. d/b/a baptist health richmond; and
Organizational Charts Department of Applied Health School of Education, Health and Human Behavior SIUE Public Health Program Mission Statement Strategic Plans . the department name has been changed from Kinesiology and Health Education (KHE) to Applied Health (AH). Our department is now the Department of Applied Health to better
State Department Award Amount Department of Management 1,250.0 Workforce Development 1,160.1 Department of Education 170.0 Department of Public Health 126.5 Department of Human Services 34.3 Department of Transportation 33.3 Department of Human Rights 15.0 Department o
health department’s strategic situation is SWOT. SWOT is an acronym for the internal Strengths and Weaknesses of the local health department and the environmental Opportunities and Threats facing the local health department. SWOT is a simple and powerful tool used for strategy development taking into consideration the local health department’s
"Department" means the Oklahoma State Department of Health and a health department designated in writing by the State Commissioner of Health to perform official duties or other acts authorized under the Oklahoma Public Health Code and this Chapter. "Disclosure" means a written statement that clearly identifies the animal-derived foods
