2 Phase I Wastewater Introduction SSDS 2018

**Domestic SewageIntroduction and Sewage Overview Videohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v U5-NUYcWXGgConnecticut Department of Public HealthKeeping Connecticut Healthy*Water and human excretions*Suspended Solids*Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)*Total Nitrogen*Total Phosphates*Grease and Oils*Coliform Bacteria*Toilets*Bathing water*Cooking and cleaning*Laundry*Waste from restaurants andcommercial buildings34**BOD*measure of the amount of bio-*Properly functioning septic tank will reducethe BOD in the effluent by about 25 to 30percent (more with a two compartment tank)degradable organic chemicals in thewastes*Further reduction occurs when the effluentcomes in contact with bacterial growth in theleaching system (biomat)*High BOD strong waste*Low BOD weak waste*Amount of reduction depends on the volumeof bacterial growth in the leaching system561

***Hazardous to infant children(methomoglobinemia or “blue babydisease”)*Septic systems remove approximately30% of total nitrogen with the remaining70% being discharged to thegroundwater.*Separation distances to wells must bemaintained.*Stimulates plant growth (lushgreen grass or algae growth insurface water)*Algae blooms*Readily removed by filtration7through only a foot or two of mostCT soil types82

**indigenous to the digestive tract of humansand warm-blooded animals- may not be harmful themselves, butindicates that pathogenic organisms and / orviruses may be present- viruses are smaller than bacteria and notas easily filtered out14Introduction13**Kitchen wastes – extremely high in*Paints, solvents, refinishing agents,cleaning chemicals, chlorinatedhydrocarbons, etc.*Considered to be hazardous chemicalssince they can readily pass thru a septicsystem and enter the groundwater*Amount of these chemicals in domesticsewage should be extremely small15*grease*Wastes from garbage disposal systemscontain large amounts of settleablesolids and therefore the septic tankshould be pumped more frequently*Laundry wastes high in phosphates,clothing fibers, oils and bacteria shedfrom the body16The Hydrologic Cycle*Septics vs Sewers*Low density – towns wish to remainrural*Sewers too costly in rural areas*The goal - avoid groundwater pollution*Typically cause less pollution*Cost effective with proper maintenance173

**Where does it go?*Public Sewers*Conventional “Septic Systems”*Alternative or AdvancedTreatment Systems1920**Serves approximately 60 percent of the CTpopulation*Predominantly in urban areas and areas of highIntroductiondensity development2122* Serve approximately 1 million people in CT* Defined as Subsurface Sewage Disposal Systems in CTregulationsIntroduction* Soil based treatment and dispersal23244

**Requires DEEP permit*Alternative orAdvanced TreatmentSystems*Community Systems*Large Conventionalover 7,500 GPD*Reg. 19-13-10425Introduction26Introduction**For many communities On-siteSewage Disposal via a SubsurfaceSewage Disposal System a.k.a. septicsystem, is the only option for sewagetreatment and disposal.*Building Sewer*Septic Tank*Distribution Piping*Leaching System*Necessary pumps,Distribution Boxesand Pipinggrease traps andgroundwater controlsystems28IntroductionSeptic TankSewer LineSoilLeaching SystemSeptic TankSewer LineLeaching SystemSoilGroundwater Septic effluent (liquidportion of sewage after itpasses through the Groundwaterseptic tank) percolates ata steady rate into thesurrounding soil.5

32***Residential buildings*Number of bedrooms*Commercial and non-residential buildings*Actual flow, times a factor of safety*Design flow table“The source of wastewater is thedomestic water used in homes, schoolsor businesses that the treatmentsystem serves. Domestic wastewateris water discharged from plumbingfixtures, appliances, toilets, baths,laundry and the dishwasher.Wastewater is typically 99.9% s to the pipe located betweenthe building served connecting to theseptic tank.35366

*“Septic Systems are important!”* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v HQJXEog1VXk***Provides the primary treatment: separates,*Concrete or plastic*Provides the primary treatment:settles and digestsseparates, settles and digests*Tanks must be approved by CT DPH*All new tanks require an effluent filter and aretwo compartmentsIntroduction39**41427

***Consists of the piping leading from theseptic tank to the leaching system.4344**4546*Perforated Piping47Introduction488

**49*50**Properly functioning leachingIntroductionsystem should treat and disperseeffluent (liquid from the septictank) into the surrounding soilswithout breaking out onto theground surface or polluting thegroundwater.51Leaching field locations52**Trench*Pits*Galleries*Proprietary products*Plastic chamber*Mats*Forms*Cardboard9

Formation of a BiomatGravity Distribution*Effluent from the septic tank isdirected to the leaching system by thedistribution piping*A layer of biological slime is formed onthe interface between the soil and theleaching system surface (BIOMAT)*Provides treatment and slows downmovement into the soil.*Introduction*5758*596010

*Introduction*6162*63**656611

IntroductionIntroduction*6768GeoMat FlatLay distribution pipe over system per designSet form in trenchGeoMat Edge12

Introduction74Place lids on top of GeoMat slotsGeoMat EdgeIntroduction*75**7813

***Who Regulates in CT?*Conventional Septic Systems withDesign Flows of 7,500 Gallons PerDay (GPD) or less.CT Department of Energy &Environmental ProtectionLocal and State Dept. ofPublic Health80**Department of Energy and EnvironmentalProtection*Design Flows Exceeding 7,500 GPD*Alternative*Community Systems*PHC B104 (end of the TS)8114

Introduction 25 * *Requires DEEP permit *Alternative or Advanced Treatment Systems *Community Systems *Large Conventional over 7,500 GPD *Reg. 19-13-104 Introduction 26 * For many communities On-site Sewage Disposal via a Subsurface Sewage Disposal System a.k.a. septic system, is the only option for sewage treatment and disposal. * *Building .