An Ambiguity Analysis Found In Hooray Textbook
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.ukbrought to you byCOREprovided by UMS Digital Library - Selamat datang di UMS Digital LibraryAN AMBIGUITY ANALYSIS FOUNDIN HOORAY TEXTBOOKRESEARCH PAPERSubmitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor Getting Bachelor Degree of Educationin English DepartmentProposed by:NIMAS RIRIH WIDYOWATIA320100181SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATIONMUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA2014i
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MOTTOA good standard for account your success in your life is by accountingtotal person who have been you made happy (Robert J. Lumsden)Dreams can not become true beyond a precious miracles, it needsperspiration, determination and also work hard (Colin Powell)So many people can reach their success because the power of theirmother blessing (Muhammad Syafii Masykur)v
DEDICATIONThis research is dedicated to:My honored and beloved parents, Ibu Sugini and BapakSuwitoMy beloved brother and grand mother, Dimas Kasandra andMbah UtiMy beloved wonder boy, A’antMy wonder friends, Wahyu, Melty and IntanMy beloved friends, all of my friendsvi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTAssalamu alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh,Alhamdulillahi robbil alamin, praise be to Allah SWT, The AlmightyGod, for blessing and guiding in finishing this research paper and thanks toprophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. The writer realizes that there are manysupports from several wonder people to finish this research paper. Therefore, thewriter wants to express her gratitude for all of them.In this opportunity, the writer wants to express her deep gratitude to thefollowing persons:1. The first consultant, Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum., who had givenher great notice and great guiding to finish this research paper, alsobecame an inspiration to her life.2. The second consultant, Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M. Hum., who had given herpatience and her notice in correcting this research paper to be better.3. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, as the Dean of school of Teacher Trainingand Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.4. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D., as the Head of English Department, Schoolof Teacher Training and Education Faculty.5. All the lecturers of English Department for giving knowledge, notice andsharing their amazing experiences.6. Her beloved parents, Mrs. Sugini and Mr. Suwito, for the pray, bless,affection, love, support and everything which given for her. All of themcan not be compared with anything that had made her life so enjoyable andso meaningful.7. Her beloved brother and grand mother, Dimas Kasandra and Mbah Uti, forthe pray, attention and support.8. Her beloved wonder boy, Aant Luhdian Abimanyu, for his affection,attention, support, selfishness, smile, anger and everything which hadmade her life more awesome and can not forgotten at all.9. Her beloved friends Wahyu, Intan, Melty, for the attention, sweatmoments, smile which made her life so colorful.vii
10. All of her friends of English Department 2010 which can not be mentionone by one.Wassalamu alaikum Warahmatullahi WabarakatuhSurakarta, 26 February 2014The WriterNimas Ririh Widyowativiii
TABLE OF CONTENTTITLE . iAPPROVAL . iiACCEPTANCE . iiiTESTIMONY . ivMOTTO .vDEDICATION . viACKNOWLEDGEMENT . viiiTABLE OF CONTENT . ixABSTRACT . xiiCHAPTER I:INTRODUCTIONA. Background of the Study .1B. Limitation of the Study .5C. Problem Statement .5D. Objective of the Study .5E. Benefit of the Study.6F. Research Paper Organization .7CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORYA. Previous Study .8B. Underlying Theory .191. The Notion of Ambiguity.192. The Types of Ambiguity .20a. Lexical Ambiguity. .21b. Referential Ambiguity .25ix
c. Surface Structure Ambiguity .26d. Deep Structure Ambiguity .293. Comprehension of Ambiguity Sentences .30a. Garden Path Theory .31b. Many Meaning Theory .33c. Mix Theory .334. The Causes of Ambiguity .34a. Factor Leading to English Ambiguity .34b. Factor Interpretation . 385. The Way to Disambiguate the Sentences .39a. Paraphrasing .40b. Adding Preposition of .40c. Moving Sentence Construction .41d. Adding Additional Context .41e. Using Picture .41CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODA. Type of Research .43B. Object of Research .44C. Data and Data Source .44D. Data Collecting Technique .44E. Data Analysis Technique .45CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSIONA. Research Finding .461. The Types of Ambiguity Foundin Hooray Textbook .46x
2. The Frequency of Ambiguity and the DominantType of Ambiguity .673. The Causes of the Ambiguous Sentence .704. The Way to Disambiguate the Sentences .75B. Discussion .82CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONA. Conclusion .87B. Pedagogical Implication .88C. Suggestion .89BIBLIOGRAPHY .91VIRTUAL REFERENCE.92APPENDIX .93xi
AN AMBIGUITY ANALYSIS FOUND IN HOORAY TEXTBOOKNimas Ririh WidyowatiA 320 100 181Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum.Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M. Hum.English Departement, School of Teacher Training and EducationMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta (UMS)E-mail: nimaswidyowati@gmail.comPhone number: 085728519727ABSTRACTThis research focuses on the case of ambiguity found in Hooray textbookwhich is used by the sixth grade of elementary school students. The research isaimed at analyzing: 1) the types of ambiguity found in Hooray textbook, 2) thefrequency of each type of ambiguity, 3) the type of ambiguity which dominantlyappears, 4) describing the causes of the ambiguous sentence and 5) describing theway to disambiguate the sentences. The topic of this research is ambiguity. Theobjects of this research are ambiguous words, phrases and sentences which foundin Hooray textbook.The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The data of thisresearch are ambiguous words, phrases and sentences. The data source of thisresearch is Hooray textbook used by the sixth grade of elementary students. Thedata collection technique is documentation. In data collection technique, thewriter does several steps such as: 1) The writer reads the textbook that is HoorayEnglish textbook, until the writer understands the data to be analyzed. 2) Thewriter identifies the ambiguous words, phrases or sentences and than gives amark the types of ambiguity of it. 3) The writer classifies all types of ambiguitywhether include in lexical ambiguity, surface structure ambiguity or deepstructure ambiguity. The writer uses several theories such as from Kreidler, Kessand Fauziati to analyze the type of ambiguity.From the result of the data analysis, the research reveals that: 1) the writerfinds three type of ambiguity which are lexical ambiguity, referential ambiguityand surface structure ambiguity, 2) the frequency of each type of ambiguity are 52lexical ambiguity (29, 7%), 94 referential ambiguity (53, 7%) and 29 surfacestructure ambiguity (16, 6%), 3) the dominant type of ambiguity is referentialambiguity because there are 94 referential ambiguity (53, 7%), 4) the causes ofambiguity are without context, ambiguous word order, improper or missingpunctuation and faulty pronoun reference and 5) the way to disambiguate thesentences which are paraphrasing, adding preposition, moving sentenceconstruction, adding additional context and using picture.Keywords: Ambiguity, lexical, referential, surface structure, deep structurexii
This research focuses on the case of ambiguity found in Hooray textbook which is used by the sixth grade of elementary school students. The research is aimed at analyzing: 1) the types of ambiguity found in Hooray textbook, 2) the . lexical ambiguity (29, 7%), 94 referential ambiguity (53, 7%) and 29 surface .
Keywords: lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity, humor Introduction . These prior studies found that ambiguity is a source which is often used to create humor. There are two types of ambiguity commonly used as the source of humors, i.e. lexical and syntactic ambiguity. The former one refers to ambiguity conveyed
A. Use of Ambiguity Ambiguity is widely used as a way to produce a humorous effect both in English and Chinese humor because ambiguity can make a word or sentence understood more than one level of meaning. In this part, two kinds of ambiguity will be analyzed, including phonological ambiguity and lexical ambiguity. 1.
ambiguity. This paper also tackles the notion of ambiguity under the umbrella of Empson's (1949) and Crystal (1988). There are two types of ambiguity identified and they are as follows: a. Syntactic or structural ambiguity generating structure of a word in a sentence is unclear. b. Lexical or semantic ambiguity generating when a word has
ambiguity and then describing the causes and the ways to disambiguate the ambiguous sentences by using different ways from some linguists. The finding shows that the writer finds lexical ambiguity (23,8%) and structural or syntactic ambiguity (76,2%). Lexical ambiguity divided into some part of speech;
I. ambiguity (ambiguous)The general sense of this term, referring to a WORD ORSENTENCE with expresses more than one MEANING, is found in LINGUISTICS, but several types of ambiguity are recognised. The m'ost widely discussed type in recent years is grammatical (or struc-tural) ambiguity.In PHRASE-STRUCTURE ambiguity, alternative
ambiguity. 5.1.2 Lexical Ambiguity Lexical ambiguity is the simplest and the most pervasive type of ambiguity. It occurs when a single lexical item has more than one meaning. For example, in a sentence like "John found a bat", the word "bat" is lexically ambiguous as it refer s to "an animal" or "a stick used for hitting the ball in some games .
3.1 The Types of Lexical Ambiguity The researcher identified the types of lexical ambiguity from the data and found 2 types based on types of lexical ambiguity framework used by Murphy (2010) which are absolute homonymy and polysemy. The researcher found 38 utterances which were lexically ambiguous. 3.1.1 Absolute
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