News Of HI (cover-iv, 1-4) - Hamilton Library
G U I DE T O NEWSPAPERS OF HAWAI‘I 1834–2ooo Helen G. Chapin Hawaiian Historical Society Honolulu
G U I DE T O NEWSPAPERS OF HAWAI‘I 1834–2ooo Helen G. Chapin Hawaiian Historical Society Honolulu
Support for this book was provided by The Samuel N. and Mary Castle Foundation Alfred L. Castle, Executive Director and Treasurer Hawaii Pacific University Chatt G. Wright, President Hawaiian Historical Society Tom Dye, President, and Trustees The Honolulu Advertiser Michael J. Fisch, Publisher 2ooo Hawaiian Historical Society Second printing 2oo3 Additional information and corrections are included in this printing. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America For additional copies contact: Hawaiian Historical Society 56o Kawaiaha‘o Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96813 Tel (8o8) 537-6271 Proceeds benefit the Hawaiian Historical Society
Contents Introduction 1 Section I Jewish 121 Korean 121 Labor Alphabetical Listing and Annotations of Newspapers by Title 5 Section II Categories of Newspapers African American Alternative 111 111 111 121 Micronesian Military 122 122 Plantation 123 Portuguese 124 Prison 124 Samoan 124 Chinese School 124 112 Church Sports 124 112 Cultural 113 Establishment Filipino Hawaiian Hispanic Independent Japanese 125 Tourist 125 Unclassified 116 Government Indonesian 113 Tongan 117 117 Underground Vietnamese 125 125 125 119 Section III 119 Newspapers in Print by Years 1834–2000 119 119 127
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Introduction The newspapers of Hawai‘i form a unique role in the history of Hawaii and of American journalism. In a period of 165 years, from 1834, when American Protestant missionaries introduced the Hawaiian language Lama Hawaii (Hawaiian Luminary), to the present, newspapers have spanned the history of Hawai‘i from its status as an independent nation, a republic, and a U.S. territory, to its position as a state. By newspapers, I mean publications that have titles and mastheads, and appear serially, generally on newsprint, unbound, and without covers. Size and style have varied dramatically over two centuries from single sheets to 1oo pages plus. Some papers were issued once or twice; others from their first appearance are still in print today. Some were conceived as newsletters or magazines, and then became newspapers. By reverse, others started as newspapers and changed their format. But all are recognizable by format and topical subject matter. Between 1834 and 2ooo, approximately 1,25o separately titled papers have appeared in print. This is an estimate because, for example, in the case of no holdings having been found for some papers, including Japanese language papers destroyed during World War II, I have had to rely upon secondary sources. The estimate includes a limited number of newsletters, those with historic or editorial significance selected from among the almost 5,ooo on record. The peak year was 1983 with 154 titles. These remarkable numbers likely reflect the most papers per capita to be published in this period in any region in the world. Hawai‘i likely also represents the most diverse press in the world. The languages in which newspapers have been printed include the indigenous Hawaiian, plus English, Chinese, Filipino (in several dialects), Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Micronesian, Portuguese, Samoan, Tongan, and Vietnamese. There have also been papers in English produced by specific ethnic or cultural groups: Hispanic, Jewish, and African American. Many publications have been multilingual: for example, bilingual in Hawaiian and English; and trilingual in English, Filipino, and Japanese. within four major categories: establishment, opposition (or alternative), official, and independent. Establishment papers represent the mainstream or dominant power. Alternative or opposition publications voice anti-establishment or countervailing views. Official papers, the third type, are sponsored by government agencies. Independent journals, the rarest form, are unallied to any special interest. The present work calls for a different organization. There are three main sections. Section I organizes the newspapers alphabetically by the title’s first noun: for example, Aha Elele, Ka (The Convention), or Facho, O (The Torch), or Honolulu Advertiser, The. There are two exceptions. One is those Hawaiian language papers commonly referred to by the article preceding the noun, as in Ka Leo O Ka Lahui (The Voice of the Nation), or Na Pahu Kane (Sounding Drums). The other, for the same reason, is the Filipino language papers, as in Ti Silaw (The Light) and Ang Bantay (The Guardian). Titles with numbers as their first word are entered as they would be spelled out: for example, under F, 5oth [Fiftieth] State Bowler. To aid readers, a number of titles in Section I and Section II are cross-listed. On the second line is the main category into which the paper fits, a slash (/ ) mark, and the language or languages in which it is printed. There are 29 categories: African American, Alternative, Chinese, Church, Cultural, Establishment, Filipino, Government, Hawaiian, Hispanic, Independent, Indonesian, Japanese, Jewish, Korean, Labor, Micronesian, Military, Plantation, Portuguese, Prison, Samoan, Schools, Sports, Tongan, Tourist, Underground, Vietnamese, and Unclassified. As to languages, there are 11: Chinese, English, Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Samoan, Spanish (Hispanic), Tongan, and Vietnamese. The third and following lines give data on the place of publication, frequency and dates, publishers and editors, and abbreviations of sources that list the paper and locations where the paper may be seen in hard copy or on microfilm (mf ). An “nhf ” means no holdings have been found, “hina” indicates holding information is not available, and a question mark (?) signifies incomplete information. Lines in italics may follow the above with additional information, such as the paper’s size, editorial content, readership, and circulation figures. Classification of Newspapers There are several ways to classify newspapers. In Shaping History: The Role of Newspapers in Hawai‘i (University of Hawai‘i Press, 1996), I placed newspapers 1
INTRODUCTION Abbreviations of sources stand for the the following: BYU-H Brigham Young University Campus–Hawai‘i CKS Center for Korean Studies, UHM HARC Hawai‘i Agriculture Research Center collection HHS Hawaiian Historical Society HMCS Hawaiian Mission Children’s Society HPU Hawaii Pacific University HSL Hawai‘i State Library, Main Branch HSL H&P Hawaiian and Pacific collection HSL mf microfilm Kaua‘i CC Kaua‘i Community College KCC Kapi‘olani Community College KHS Kaua‘i Historical Society KRL Kaua‘i Regional Library MCC Maui Community College MHS Maui Historical Society OOther (followed by the location) UHH University of Hawai‘i at Hilo UHM University of Hawai‘i at Mänoa, Hamilton Library UHM HP Hawai‘i Pacific collection UHM HWRD Hawai‘i War Records Depository collection UHM mf Microfilm collection UHM PACC Pacific collection WWW World Wide Web (selected Hawaiian language papers) Alcantaro Reuben R. Alcantaro and Nancy S. Alconel, The Filipinos in Hawaii: An Annotated Bibliography (1977). Ayer Ayer, N. W. & Sons, Directories of Newspapers and Periodicals (1931–1984). Chapin 1 Helen Geracimos Chapin, “Newspapers of Hawai‘i 1834 to 1903: From He Liona to the Pacific Cable,” in The Hawaiian Journal of History (1984). Chapin 2 Helen Geracimos Chapin, “From Makaweli to Kohala: The Plantation Newspapers of Hawai‘i,” in The Hawaiian Journal of History (1989). Chapin 3 Helen Geracimos Chapin, Shaping History: The Role of Newspapers in Hawai‘i (1996). Char Tin Yuk Char, “Communications,” in Encyclopedia of Hawaii, AH mf (198o). Dionisio Juan C. Dionisio, “Communications,” in Encyclopedia of Hawaii, AH mf (198o). Glick Clarence E. Glick, Sojourners and Settlers: Chinese Migrants in Hawaii (198o). Hunter Dr. Charles Hunter, Newspapers Published in Hawaii, unpub. index, UHM HP (1953). Knowlton Edgar Knowlton, “The Portuguese Language Press of Hawaii,” in Social Process in Hawaii (196o). Lai H. N. Lai, “The Chinese Community Press in Hawaii,” in Sally Miller, ed., The Ethnic Press in the United States: An Analysis and Handbook (1987). Macmillan Michael Macmillan, The Korean Press, unpub. (n.d.). Mookini Esther Mookini, The Hawaiian Newspapers (1974). Murabayashi Duk Hee Lee Murabayashi, The Korean Press in Hawai‘i: 1904–1970. Paper presented at the conference, Korean Immigration to North America, Yonsei University (2002). Peacock Karen Peacock, “In Feminist Newsletters and Publications,” in The Changing Lives of Hawaii’s Women, ed. Ruth Lieban (1984). Richstad and McMillan Jim A. Richstad and Michael McMillan (Macmillan), comps, Mass Communication and Journalism in the Pacific Islands (1978). Sakamaki Shunzo Sakamaki, A History of the Japanese Press in Hawaii, M.A. thesis (1928). Union List Sophie McMillen, Cataloger, and Nancy Morris, Project Manager, Hawaii Newspapers: A Union List (1987). Here is an example of a typical entry: Lahaina Sun, The Alternative / English Lahaina, Maui twice monthly, weekly, 11 Nov 197o–29 Aug 1973. Pub: Yellow Submarine Press. Pub/Ed: Don Graydon. Becomes The Maui Sun Union List MCC, UHM HP 8–16 pp tabloid. Counterculture paper, “The Independent Voice of West Maui,” produced by young, iconoclastic, recently arrived Maui residents. Offbeat profiles, consumer interests, film and restaurant reviews, investigative reporting, Native Hawaiian issues, events calendar, special April Fool editions. Section II organizes the newspapers alphabetically within each of the categories listed in Section I. There are also cross-listings. Papers may be entered in two categories: for example, Ang Sandata (Sword) is listed under both “Filipino” and “Labor.” Double titles, indicated by a slash / , also may be cross-listed: for example, Hsin Chung-Kuo Jih Pao/New China Daily Press; and New China Daily Press/Hsin Chung-Kuo Jih Pao. In addition, in Section II, when a paper has content Abbreviations of locations where papers are held include: AH BM Hawai‘i State Archives Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum 2
INTRODUCTION in other languages besides its main language, this is indicated in brackets: for example, the Hawaiian Kia‘i (Guardian) [E]. These languages include: C Chinese, E English, F Filipino, H Hawaiian, J Japanese, K Korean, and Sp Spanish (Hispanic). Section III organizes the papers chronologically by years of publication. A word should be said on spelling. Hawaiian orthography is followed for place names (Hawai‘i, O‘ahu, etc.); however, titles and direct quotations in all languages are reproduced as originally spelled. The one exception is the Japanese language “Hawai,” which is spelled “Hawaii.” Commentary in italics may include simplifications and abbreviations. As to the locations of major repositories where newspapers may be read, these are: Conrad, former State of Hawai‘i archivist; Barbara Dunn, administrative director, and Karen Sinn, assistant director, Hawaiian Historical Society; Rex L. Frandsen, Brigham Young Campus-Hawai‘i Library; Ann Marsteller, Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association librarian; Nancy Morris, University of Hawai‘i archivist; Duk Hee Murabayashi, vice general chairperson, Korean Centennial 1903–2003; Karen Nishida and Pat Okamura, librarians, Edwin H. Mookini Library, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo; Karen Peacock and Chieko Tachihata, librarians, Hawaiian and Pacific Collections, Hamilton Library, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa; Marilyn Reppun, Hawaiian Mission Children’s Society librarian; Stephen Simpson, Hawai‘i Pacific University librarian; Robert Stauffer, Hawaiian Legacy Language Program manager; Jolyn Tamura, former State of Hawai‘i archivist; and David Forbes, Lela Goodell, Robert Schmitt, and Charles M. Wills, researchers par excellence. I also want to thank those who through their great generosity have made it possible to publish this study: Michael J. Fisch, publisher, The Honolulu Advertiser; Alfred L. Castle, Executive Director and Treasurer, The Samuel N. and Mary Castle Foundation; Chatt G. Wright, president, Hawaii Pacific University; and Tom Dye, president, and the trustees of the Hawaiian Historical Society. This is the second printing of the Guide to Newspapers of Hawai‘i 1834–2000. It includes updated information and, in several instances, the inclusion of newspapers formerly lost to history but recently found by excellent researchers and writers. These holdings are identified by a cross mark ( ) The trustees of the Hawaiian Historical Society under the leadership of President Hardy Spoehr deserve great credit for their devotion to the history of Hawai‘i, Polynesia, and the Pacific area. This Guide may therefore continue to serve as a useful resource for the study of a unique and compelling Hawaiian history and American journalism history. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Library 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, HI 96817 Hawai‘i State Library 478 South King Street Honolulu, HI 96813 Hawai‘i State Archives ‘Iolani Palace Grounds South King Street Honolulu, HI 96813 Hawaiian Historical Society 560 Kawaiaha‘o Street Honolulu, HI 96813 Mission Houses Museum Library 553 South King Street Honolulu, HI 96813 University of Hawai‘i at Mänoa Library 2550 The Mall Honolulu, HI 96822 I want to express my great appreciation to the dedicated librarians and historians who have assisted in the search for Hawai‘i’s newspapers. They are: Gail Ainsworth, Maui Community College Library; Agnes Helen G. Chapin 3
AALA O MANOA, KE AIEAN SECTION I Alphabetical Listing and Annotations of Newspapers by Title / separates category and language ( ) enclose a title’s translation indicates newly discovered holdings A ‘Aha‘ilono Establishment / English Honolulu, 4–6 times yearly, 199o. Pub: Society of Professional Journalists, Hawai‘i Chapter. Eds: Stirling Morita, Christie Williams (2000). Former title: Society of Professional Journalists Newsletter (until 1996). hina 4 pp newsletter. Events, activities, achievements of chapter. Freedom of information issues. ‘Aha‘ilono means messenger, reporter, bringer of news. Web site. Aala O Manoa, Ke School / English Honolulu, 1997–1998. hina 12 pp student paper. An alternative to the University of Hawai‘i student publication Ka Leo O Hawaii. Investigative articles critical of the University. Web site. AAUW Monthly Bulletin Alternative / English Honolulu, 9 issues a year, 1979–. Pub: American Assn of University Women, Hawaii Pacific Division. Also titled Monthly Bulletin. Peacock O - AAUW News bulletin produced by the AAUW. Organized in 1905 in Hawai‘i; Hawai‘i division formed in 1962. Local and national news of AAUW activities, education, scholarships, public programs, fund raisers. Supported equal rights amendment. Mailed to membership throughout the state and Guam. Ahailono A Ka Lahui, Ka (National Herald) Hawaiian / Hawaiian and English Honolulu, daily, 9 Jan–11 Feb 189o. Pub: F. Wunderberg, Elele Publishing Co. Mookini, Union List HHS, UHM mf 4 pp tabloid, organ of the National Reform Party, a combined association of the Mechanics Union and Hui Kalaaina, which geared up for the elections of 5 Feb 1890. Pro Hawaiian independence, it expressed “no confidence” in the government that had imposed the “Bayonet Constitution” on King Kaläkaua in 1887. Endorsed John Bush and Robert Wilcox. Advertiser See Honolulu Advertiser, The / Establishment Ae Kai O Hawaii Hawaiian / Hawaiian Honolulu, weekly, 19o7–191o. Ed: Daniel Damon. Mookini hina Protestant religious paper that took up topics on church doctrine. Ahailono O Hawaii, Ka (Herald of Hawaii) Hawaiian / Hawaiian Honolulu, 4 June–29 Oct 1897. Pubs: William White, David Keku, John Kahahawai. Mookini Cited in Ka Nupepa Kuokoa. Title means messenger, reporter of news. It can also mean the sole survivor who reports a disastrous defeat. Afro-Hawai‘i News African American / English Pearl City, monthly, 1988–1992 UHM mf “The Voice of the Progressive African-American in Paradise.” Special issues on the occasion of Dr. Martin Luther King’s birthday. AHN: Afro-Hawai‘i News See Afro-Hawaii News / African American Aiea Sun Press See Pearl City / Aiea Sun Press / Establishment Aiean Military / English ? 1944–1945. Pub: U.S. Navy. Cont by Harbor Times UHM HWRD 12 pp, typeset. World War II morale booster. Personnel were invited to mail the paper home. Aha Elele, Ka (Convention) Hawaiian / Hawaiian and English Honolulu, daily, 14 Jul–31 Aug 1864. Mookini, Union List HHS, HMCS Hawaiian government press issued daily during debates in the convention of 1864. 5
AINA HAINA NEWS ALALA, KE Aina Haina News Establishment / English Honolulu, weekly, Oct 1952–Oct 1954. Cont by News of Our Town UHM mf Early community paper that was part of the local and national growth of this type of journal in the 1950s and 1960s. Alaka‘i, Ke (The Leader) School / English Lä‘ie, weekly during school year. biweekly summers, 1954–. Pub: Brigham Young University Campus-Hawai‘i. Eds: Campus News Center student employees. UHM mf 12 pp student newspaper. Begun by the Church College of Hawai‘i, “not necessarily the official views of university administrators of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.” Campus and church events, letters, opinion pieces. Aina Haina-Niu Valley Sun Press, The Establishment / English Kailua, O‘ahu, weekly, 18/24 Oct 1972–9/14 Jan 1974? Pub: Community Publications. Title varies: Kahala Aina Haina-Niu Sun Press. Conts in part Honolulu East Sun Press Cont by Sun Press Union List UHM mf Community paper for East O‘ahu residents and businesses. Alakai O Hawaii, Ke ( Hawaii Leader ) Hawaiian / Hawaiian Honolulu, weekly, 31 Aug 1887–1 Dec 1888. Other titles: Nupepa Puka La Ke Alakai O Hawaii (daily); Alakai O Hawaii Puka Pule, Ke (weekly). Eds: Enoka Johnson, Rev. D. Keawemahi, J. M. Poepoe. Mookini, Union List HSL mf, UHM mf Foreign and Hawai‘i stories, reports on the local legislature. Ainaloa Independent News Establishment / English Hilo, monthly, Mar–Apr 1975. Pub: Eugene Peterson and Travel Isle Service. Cont by Puna Independent News Union List UHH, UHM HP Alakai O Hawaii, Ke ( Hawaii Leader ) Hawaiian / Hawaiian Honolulu, weekly, 1914–1922. Ed: Jonah Kumalae. Mookini, Union List HSL mf, UHM mf 4 pp. Religious articles, stories in serial form. News from all the islands, including leprosy on Moloka‘i. Airando Torenzu See Island Trends / Japanese Alakai O Hawaii, Ke ( Hawaii Leader) Hawaiian / Hawaiian and English Honolulu, weekly on Thurs, 1o May 1928–1939. Titles of English section: Hawaii Democrat, The; Hawaii American; Democrat, The. Hawaiian Eds: Jonah Kumalae, John A. Hoopale, Noa Aluli, Thomas M. Kelii. English Eds: George Lorch, F. Ralph Langsfeld, John E. McEldowney, Brahan Houston, Will Williams. Mookini, Union List HSL mf, UHM mf 2–4 pp, full size. Under the title was added “Ua Mau Ke Ea O Ka Aina I Ka Pono.” Political journal: “Loyalty to America now means active support of the Roosevelt New Deal in Hawaii.” When the establishment press, during labor-management strife in 1938, accused labor of a “dynamite plot” to destroy the waterfront, Alakai proved this to be a falsehood. Stories in serial form, religious articles. See, too, Hawaii Democrat. Aiyu (Loving Friends) Japanese / Japanese Honolulu, monthly, 1896? Originally called Kyoho, then Aiyu, then Makiki Kyoho. Became Rakuen Jiho Jan 1919. See Rakuen Jiho (Paradise Times). Sakamaki nhf Akamai Sister Alternative / English Honolulu, July 197o–1971? Ed: Norma Brown. Peacock UHM HP “To provoke consciousness-raising” and “a growing feminist presence in Hawaii.” Akamai means smart, clever. Alahou: Ke Kilohana O Ka Aina Hawaiian / Hawaiian and English Honolulu, bi-monthly, monthly, Nov 1979–Dec 198o. Eds: Malcolm Naea Chun, Candace K. Lee, Vincent Hinano Rodrigues, Carol Silva, George Young, Duke Wise. Union List HHS, HSL mf, HMCS UHM mf 8–12 pp, tabloid. Cultural, educational, and agricultural interests including research and development projects. Letters. Alahou means to rise again; kilohana has connotations of the best. It was to be continued by Nuhou I Ka Makani, but this was not published. Alakai O Hawaii Puka Pele, Ke See Alakai O Hawaii (Hawaii Leader), 1887–1888 / Hawaiian Alala, Ke School / English Honolulu, 1997–1998?. Eds: Ryan Ozawa, et al. UHM HP Student newspaper, alternative to the University of Hawai‘i Ka Leo O Hawaii, but also funded by student fees. Up to 15,000 circulation. Distributed on campus and direct mailed to student homes. “In your face news,” attacking food services and university traditions, etc. 6
ALAULA, KE (DAYSPRING) AMATEUR Hawaiian house, and a railroad locomotive. When Joseph Nawahi died in 1896, Mrs. Nawahi continued publishing. Alaula, Ke (Dayspring) Hawaiian / Hawaiian Honolulu, monthly, Apr 1866–Mar 1873. Pub: “Issued under auspices ‘Ka Papa Hawaii’”—The Hawaiian Board. Eds: L. H. Kulika (Gulick), H. O. Polepa (Forbes), L. Laiana (Lyons). Mookini, Union List HHS, HSL mf, HMCS, UHM mf Religious paper for children. Title means dawn or early light. Aloha Aina Oiaio, Ke ( The Only Aloha Aina-“Truth”) Hawaiian / Hawaiian Honolulu, weekly, Nov 1896–Apr 1897. Ed: Robert W. Wilcox. Mookini, Union List BM, HSL mf, UHM mf 4 pp, tabloid. One of several Wilcox papers advocating Hawaiian self-determination. All She Wrote Alternative / English Honolulu, monthly, then quarterly, 1981–1985? Eds: Ann Moriyasu, Jo des Marets, Jessica Lloyd-Rogers. Peacock UHM HP Broad-based feminist orientation. Aloha Daily News Tourist / English Honolulu, daily, 1 Nov 1968–7 Jan 1969. Pub: World-Wide Publishing Co. UHM HP “Hawaii’s only daily newspaper serving the tourist industry.” All-Union Strike Bulletin Labor / English Honolulu, irreg, 25 Jun–3 Aug 1963. Pub: Newspaper Unions. UHM mf Publication of the “Newspaper Unions’ Strike Strategy” against the 2 main Honolulu dailies while the latter were shut down during the strike. Supplements accompanied some editions. Aloha News Japanese / Japanese Honolulu, hourly, 14 Apr 1912. Union List AH Special broadsheets published by Hawaii Shinpo in commemoration of its 5,000th issue. Aloha Shinbun Japanese / Japanese Honolulu, daily, 19o5. nhf Aloha Japanese / Japanese Weekly, 15 July 1893? nhf Aloha Voter Independent / English Honolulu, monthly, 195o –. Pub: League of Women Voters of Honolulu. Eds: Anne Hoover, Christiane Sodersten (2ooo). UHM HP 6–8 pp, letter-size. Information on local elections and excerpts on state and federal issues such as campaign financing and freedom of information policies and practices. Encourages informed citizen participation in government and politics. By subscription. Aloha ‘Äina Hawaiian / Hawaiian and English Kaunakakai, Moloka‘i, irreg, 1978–199o. Other titles: Aloha ‘Äina and Kaho‘olawe Aloha ‘Äina. Pub: Protect Kaho‘olawe Fund. UHM HP Pro-sovereignty publication. Historical retrospects, letters from prison, articles on cultural awareness and land and water issues. A leader in the struggle against the military bombing of Kaho‘olawe and for the return of the island to Native Hawaiians and its designation as a national historic monument. Alpha School / English Honolulu, monthly, Mar–Apr 1969. Ed: Diana Hansen. UHM HP University of Hawai‘i coalition group for the “improvement” of the school. In an era of student unrest and political action, Alpha said it was neither right nor left, but “moderate.” 2 issues only. Aloha Aina, Ke (Love of the Land) Hawaiian / Hawaiian and English Honolulu, daily, then weekly on Tues, 1895–192o. In 1919, the last page, with an English column, called The New Freedom. Eds: Joseph Nawahi, Mrs. Joseph (Emma Aima) Nawahi, Edward L. Like, Sam Kanio, Kuaele, S. W. Kamakaweo, Alex Nawahi, J. M. Poepoe, D. K. Kahaulelio, T. J. Ryan, Jesse Uluihi, Edward K. Hanopi. Mookini, Union List BM, HHS, HSL mf, UHM mf 8 pp, general circulation. Accommodated to annexation but spoke eloquently for Native Hawaiian interests. Illustrations around title of old and new Hawai‘i: Hilo Bay, a thatched Amateur Church / English Honolulu, 1852. Pub: The Hawaiian Juvenile Society. Ed: Master A. W. Carter. nhf Cited by The Friend. Protestant religious paper, the 1st to be aimed at youth. 7
AMBULET APPEAL Ambulet Alternative / English Honolulu, 186o? BM Feminist and temperance movement paper. Ang Sandata (The Sword) Ethnic / Filipino (Tagalog) and English Hilo, 1913. Pub/ Ed: Pablo Manlapit. nhf 2 pp each Filipino and English. The 1st Filipino paper in Hawai‘i. Manlapit, a leading labor organizer in the Territory, published the paper while working as a stevedore. Short of money, he sold it to David Antoniok and Perfecto Montemayor who could not continue it because of lack of funds. American Korean Korean / Korean Honolulu, biweekly, 1932–1937. Pub: Young Korean Club. Macmillan nhf Ang Tanging Panaygang See Hawaii Filipino News / Filipino American Korean News Korean / Korean Honolulu, weekly, 192o–1922. Same dates and eds as the Korean National Herald. nhf Anglican Church Chronicle Church / English Honolulu, monthly, Aug 1882–Aug 19o8. Pub: Gazette Publishing Co. Cont by Hawaiian Church Chronicle AH, HHS Anglican Church, or Church of England (later, the Episcopal Church) paper. Official organ of the Missionary District of Honolulu. Anasagashi Japanese / Japanese Honolulu, weekly on Sat, 1897. Ed: T. Mori. Sakamaki nhf Title means hole searching, looking for faults, errors, weaknesses. Angulos Hispanos Hispanic / Spanish and English Honolulu, 1995–1999. Eds: Luis Ortiz, Angel Guzman Faustino, Laura E. Angel Guzman. Cont by Hola Hawaii UHM mf 16 pp plus. Expanded from an earlier newsletter, as the Hispanic population from North, Central, and South America, the Caribbean, and elsewhere has grown in the Islands. “The Hispanic Angle . . . Serviendo a la comunidad hispana de Hawai.” Sponsored Spanish language TV and radio shows. 5,000 free circulation statewide. Ang Bagong Liwang Filipino / Filipino (Tagalog, Visayan) and English ?, weekly, 1 May 1913. Eds: Vicente Arca, Vicente Lionson. Alcantaro nhf 2nd Filipino paper in the Islands. Title can be translated as “The New Clear Light.” Ang Banagbanag ( The Dawn) Filipino / Filipino ( Visayan) Honolulu, monthly, 1938. Pub: Visayan Assn of Hawaii. UHM mf Another Voice Alternative / English Honolulu, biweekly, 5 May 1972–19 Jan 1975. Ed: Larry Jones. UHM HP 8–12 pp tabloid. A Methodist minister and social activist, Jones used the “new journalism,” or participant reporting, for investigative coverage on topics like the Viet Nam War and local development. An allied purpose was to make the mainstream press more responsive to a changing society. Ang Bantay ( The Guardian) Filipino / Filipino Honolulu, weekly, 1923 nhf Ang Bayan ( The Opinion) Filipino / Filipino (Tagalog, Visayan) and English Honolulu, bi-monthly, 1919? Pub: Hawaiian Evangelical Assn. nhf Protestant church paper, the Filipino counterpart of The Friend. Antenna Military / English ?, monthly, 1945–? Pub: U.S. Army Signal Corps. UHM HWRD 10 pp mimeo. Ang Katotohanan ( The Truth) Filipino / Filipino Honolulu, monthly, 1931 nhf Appeal Unclassified / English 1892 Hunter nhf Ang Magbabalita Filipino / Filipino Honolulu, bi-monthly, 1938 nhf Title may be translated as The Warning. 8
ARMED FORCES PATROL BEACON, THE “Hawaii for the Hawaiians”: that is, pro-annexation, temperance, tourism, and “home rule” by the oligarchy, and anti “carpet-bagging” by mainland politicians and federal officials. Supported education and jobs for Native Hawaiians. An experienced newsman, Austin felt Hawai‘i could support an illustrated paper, but its life spanned just 10 months. Armed Forces Patrol Military / English Honolulu, monthly, 195os. nhf Represented the armed services and veterans’ interests. Army Monthly Military / English Honolulu, monthly, 1922. Pub: U.S. Army. nhf Cited in Hawaiian Army and Navy Journal. B Balita Today, Hawaii Edition Filipino / English, some Filipino Honolulu, monthly, semi monthly, 1989 –? UHM HP “Serving the Filipino-American Community in Hawaii.” Issued also in other regional editions. ArPac News See Fort Shafter News / Military As Boas Novas (Good News) Portuguese / Portuguese Honolulu, monthly, 1896–19o5? Eds: A. Viva
Sports 124 Tongan 125 Tourist 125 Unclassified 125 Underground 125 Vietnamese 125 Section III Newspapers in Print byYears 1834-2000 127 . (The Torch), or Honolulu Advertiser, The. There are two exceptions. One is those Hawaiian language papers commonly referred to by the article preceding the
Hindi News NDTV India 317 Hindi News TV9 Bharatvarsh 320 Hindi News News Nation 321 Hindi News INDIA NEWS NEW 322 Hindi News R Bharat 323. Hindi News News World India 324 Hindi News News 24 325 Hindi News Surya Samachar 328 Hindi News Sahara Samay 330 Hindi News Sahara Samay Rajasthan 332 . Nor
81 news nation news hindi 82 news 24 news hindi 83 ndtv india news hindi 84 khabar fast news hindi 85 khabrein abhi tak news hindi . 101 news x news english 102 cnn news english 103 bbc world news news english . 257 north east live news assamese 258 prag
18 3. Cross-platform news consumption 23 4. News consumption via television 29 5. News consumption via radio 32 6. News consumption via newspapers 39 7. News consumption via social media 52 8. News consumption via websites or apps 61 9. News consumption via magazines 64 10. Multi-sourcing 68 11. Importance of sources and attitudes towards news .
119 news x english news channel 2 120 cnn english news channel 0.87 121 bbc world news english news channel 8 122 al jazeera english news channel 2 123 ndtv-24*7 english news channel 10 124 zee business english news channel 2.79 125 cnbc awaj hindi business news channel 2.62 126 cnb
News X UTV Bloomberg Aaj Tak STAR News NDTV India IBN 7 Zee News Sahara Samay News 24 India TV Live India News Express P7 News Newswire 18 Newzstreet TV Mumbai News ETV Marathi Saam Marathi IBN Lokmat, M’rathi STAR Majha Zee 24 Taas Manorama News India Vision AIR News . Title: Microsoft Wor
CONGRATULATING FRIENDS FOR DIFFERENT OCCASIONS Good news, bad news These lessons cover language you can use when you want to give or react to news. Includeing: Congratulating someone on good news Responding to someones bad news Giving good news Giving bad news Responding to someone's good news
119 Aaj Tak HD HD Hindi News 508 Pay 1.50 1.77 120 Aaj Tak SD Hindi News 509 Pay 0.75 0.89 121 Zee News SD Hindi News 511 Pay 0.10 0.12 122 India TV SD Hindi News 514 FTA FTA FTA 123 News 24 SD Hindi News 516 FTA FTA FTA 124 News18 India SD Hindi News 519 Pay 0.10 0.12
Traditional news was recognised by Tribes as 'proper news' which has a reputation for providing trusted providing factual news such as BBC News, The Times and The Guardian and 'celebrity gossip news' such as The Mirror and The Daily Mail that brands themselves as sources of celebrity gossip type news. "The Daily Mail - I like to know the
