AS REFLECTED IN THE PALACIO’S WONDER
SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION AS A RESULT OF STEREOTYPINGAS REFLECTED IN THE PALACIO’S WONDERA Final ProjectSubmitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor The Degree of Sarjana Sastrain EnglishBy:Laeli Nur Azizah2211415026ENGLISH LITERATURE STUDY PROGRAMENGLISH DEPARTMENTFACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTSUNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG2019i
APPROVALii
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITYiii
MOTTO AND DEDICATIONTrying to be kind with everybody in any kind of situationsFor:My ParentsMy FamilyMy Support SystemAll of My Friendsiv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTFirst of all, I praise the Almighty Allah SWT for the blessing, guidance,opportunity, health, and mercy to enable me to complete this final project. Iwould like to deliver my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Bambang Purwanto,S.S., M.Hum., for his supervision, advice, and guidance from the very early stageof this research to the final completion. This final project would not also havebeen possible without the help, support, and patience of my parents, my familyand all of my friends. My appreciation also goes to the Head of EnglishDepartment, Widhiyanto, S.Pd., M.Pd., Ph.D, and all lecturers and staffs inEnglish Department for the assistance and priceless lessons.Laeli Nur Azizah2211415026v
ABSTRACTAzizah, Laeli Nur. 2019. Social Discrimination as A Result of Stereotyping asReflected in The Palacio’s Wonder. Final Project. English Department, Languagesand Arts Faculty, Universitas Negeri Semarang. Advisor: Bambang Purwanto, S.S., M.HumKeywords: stereotyping, physical appearance, social discrimination, selfargumentation.Stereotyping of physical appearance is main discussions in this final project. Ithappens to the main character in novel Wonder by R.J. Palacio who sufferedcomplicated health. The presence of stereotyping often leads to socialdiscrimination. It turns out not only stereotyping occurs in adults. In this novel, italso occurs among children. Here, physical disability is the main factor that causesstereotypes which created social discrimination. We frequently use people’sappearances to form our judgment about them and to determine our responses tothem. The aim of this research is to analyze how the stereotyping occur to AugustPullman then it causes the social discrimination and also gives a greats impact tohis life. In this research, I used structuralism approach by Ferdinand de’ Saussureto analyze the stereotyping of physical appearance as reflected in the novel. Theresults showed that stereotyping is unfair to the people we judge becausestereotypes are based on our preconceptions and negative emotions about otherpeople. Many people will judge and put their impression to another people basedon the appearence. So, not infequently people will do physical abuse or we usuallycalled as a bullying to the people who have physically disability. Stigma anddiscrimination against people with disabilities has always been a problem. Actually,people with physical disabilities do not only face their physical problems but infactthey have to face social and psychological problems in their life. In the other hand,those discriminations will give some effects to the people who accept it. Then,people who have physical disability may difficult to make a friend and socializewith the society and they have lost their self-confident.vi
TABLE OF CONTENTSAPPROVAL . iiDECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY . iiiMOTTO AND DEDICATION . ivACKNOWLEDGMENT . vABSTRACT. viTABLE OF CONTENTS . viiCHAPTER I . 1INTRODUCTION . 11.1 Background of The Study . 11.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic . 41.3 Statements of The Study. 51.4 Objectives of The Study . 51.5 Significance of The Study . 61.6 Outline of the Study . 6CHAPTER II . 8REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. 82.1 Review of Previous Studies . 82.2 Theoretical Background . 162.2.1 Structuralism Theory . 162.2.2 Stereotypes . 192.2.3 Discrimination. 212.2.4 Social Discrimination . 222.3 Theoritical Framework of Analysis. 24CHAPTER III . 27RESEARCH METHODOLOGY . 273.1 Research Design . 273.1.1 Qualitative Data . 273.2 Object of The Study . 283.3 Role of The Researcher . 29vii
3.3.1 Data Identifier . 303.3.2 Data Collector . 303.3.3 Data Interpreter . 303.3.4 Data Analyst . 303.4 Procedure of Collecting Data . 313.4.1 Reading the novel . 313.4.2 Identifying the data . 313.4.3 Inventorying the data . 313.4.4 Classifying the data . 323.4.5 Analyzing the data. 323.4.6 Reporting the Result of Data Analysis . 333.5Procedures of Data Analysis . 33CHAPTER IV . 35FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION . 354.1 Social Discrimination as a Result of Stereotyping Presented in Wonder . 354.1.1 Stereotyping of Physical Appearance . 414.1.2 Stereotyping of Disabled Children . 454.2 The Effects of Stereotyping and Social Discrimination to The Main Character. 494.2.1 Friendless . 544.2.2. Self Confident. 574.3 The Main Character Solves the Stereotyping from Society . 604.3.1 Self-argumentation . 624.3.2 Friendship . 644.3.3 Family. 66CHAPTER V . 69CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS . 695.1 Conclusions . 695.2 Suggestions . 70APPENDICES . 77viii
CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION1.1 Background of The StudyUnconsciously, society frequently use people’s appearances to form theirjudgments about people and to determine their responses to people. Withoutrealizing it, judging someone by just looking from his appearance has become aninstinct that just appears in our mind. On the other hand, it can actually lead todiscrimination or self-assessment of someone we have just met. For example, if yousee people who are physically different from people in general or see someone withmental disabilities, consciously or not, as strangers, we will see them with differentlooks and with various judgments that appear in our mind. Stereotypes about peoplewho have special needs as if it has inherent in community life. Sloping views, fear,bullying or disparaging people with disabilities are frequent discrimination.Bullying itself is one of the things that plays a big role in the occurrence of socialdiscrimination.Discrimination is a common issue which already familliar in our socialenvironment. It happend in many aspect such as, ethnic, religion, education, andpsychological or we can call as bullying. In the novel entitled “Wonder”, Palaciotold us about discrimination of physical appearance that happend in people whohave a physical defect. As we know, that it’s also happend in our life nowadays.People with disabilities, mentally and physically usually get a bad treatment from1
2their social environment. Moreover, they didn’t allow to study in normal school. Infact, a lot of them have a great skill and not infrequently they get an appreciationbecause of their creation. Like in this novel, the author showed us how the maincharacter who has physical defect can be an excellent student in the normal school.According to Alberta Human Right Commission that is commission whichcreated by the government of Alberta, that physical disability is defined in the Actas any degree ofphysical disability, infirmity, malformation or disfigurement thatis caused by bodily injury, birth defect or illness. This includes, but is not limitedto, epilepsy; paralysis; amputation; lack of physical coordination; visual, hearingand speech impediments; and physical reliance on a guide dog, service dog, orwheelchair or other remedial appliance or device. The purpose of this commissionactually to protect the society from discrimination in certain area. “The purpose ofthe Alberta Human Rights Act is to ensure that all Albertans are offered an equalopportunity to earn a living, find a place to live, and enjoy services customarilyavailable to the public without discrimination.”(albertahumanrights.ab.ca, 2012)I think that’s one of such a movement from the government which isimportant to imitated and to developed by another country. Moreover, thediscrimination issue has been already common issue in society. It’s important togive a lesson to people about the effect of discrimination to the victim and alsoabout the right of human being to live with a peaceful and pleasant. Hopefully,society will know how to treat another people well, without any exception.
3Stereotyping is defined as an oversimplified, usually pejorative, attitudepeople hold toward those outside one's own experience who are different. They area result of incomplete or distored information accepted as fact without question. Astereotype is simply a widely held belief that an individual is a member of a certaingroup based on charcteristics. Due to the process of overgeneralization within socialperception, stereotyping leads to a great deal of inaccuracy in social perception.Slowly, society has been making a slight transition away from stereotyping.Unfortunately it is a difficult process, especially since it rely on second-handsources about the information for the majority of our knowledge. The main outletof second-hand information is the mass media. As a result of depending largely onthe second-hand source of mass media, mass media in turn plays a major role indetermining the content of our culture. Stereotyping is a product of culture,therefore, mass media have a strong influence in supporting and tearing downstereotypical characteristics. In this novel, precisely strereotyping occurs amongchildren. Where they already have the behavior of judging a person just by lookingat their face or physical only. This kind of thing is certainly worth reviewing,because after all stereotyping is uncertain the truth and also need to be studied toprovide lessons for the community not to do things like that.Actually, children are innocence people who have not deserve yet to get badtreatment from people around. In this novel, Augie has felt something that is rarelyobtained by children in general, which is social discrimination from his friends orpeople who saw his face. This happened because Augie's physical condition is notas perfect as other people. Therefore, he got a painful thing when meeting new
4people. The existence of social discrimination that he obtained, this made hisconfidence get down and made him embarrassed about his physical form. I thinkthis kind of problem is worth to discussing, because it turns out that the assessmentof the people around us greatly influences our confidence. Moreover, it happenedin children's lives where they are still looking for identity and also playful friends.Where they should be at their young age, they should be able to enjoy childhoodhappily. Even when they get a special need or something that made them lookunusual.I choose Wonder novel by R.J. Palacio as the object of the research.Wonder is a novel about a boy with abnormal face named August Pullman asthe main character. August, who is suffered from some complicated health, isdiscriminated by his society because of his physical appearance. People alwaysnotice at him wherever he is and it makes him uncomfortable. It is interestingto find out how most society was easy to judge the other people just from theirapperarence. Basically, the face is not the only reflection of themselves. This iscertainly interesting, because during this time the problem of bullying is not over.The majority of people still prefer to judge people from the outside only. It just likesocial discrimination as a result of stereotyping that described on Palacio’sWonder.1.2 Reasons for Choosing the TopicThere are several reasons of analyzing social discrimination as a result ofstereotyping into the following statements, as follows:
51. Stereotyping occurs almost in all aspects of life and the presence of stereotypingoften leads to social discrimination that arises as a result of stereotyping.2. In this novel, strereotyping occurs among children, so it is possible for childrento rely on someone just by looking at their face or physically.3. The existence of social discrimination and the judgment of the people aroundus greatly influence a person.1.3 Statements of The StudyRelated to the background of the study above, the writer had identified someproblems below:1. How is social discrimination as a result of stereotyping described on Palacio’sWonder?2. What are the effects of stereotyping and social discrimination to the maincharacter?3. How could the main character solve the stereotyping from society?1.4 Objectives of The StudyBased on the research problems above, the objectives of the study are:1. To describe how social discrimination as a result of stereotyping described onPalacio’s Wonder.2. To describe the cause and effects of stereotyping as a means of socialdiscrimination to the main character.3. To describe how the main character faces up the stereotyping from society.
61.5 Significance of The StudyI expect to give benefits in the result of this study, especially for the Englishliterature students, literature critics, and the readers. This topic will make the readeraware of the bad behavior of “body shaming” and about discrimination towardpeople who have special needs or disabilities. I think, this topic is very importantto be discussed in this research, because many people don’t know about the impactof stereotyping itself toward someone who becomes a victim. It is important toeducate the public so that it is not easy to judge a person just by looking at theoutward appearance only. The habit of looking at others is also one of the aspectsof why this topic exists. In everyday life, this topic can be a new knowledge aboutstereotyping of physical appearance. In its application, this topic will make thereader aware about the bad judge a person is bad because of the basis of appearanceor do discrimination against people who have special needs or disabilities. ForLiterature Critics, the result of the study will provide essential information aboutsocial discrimination as a result of stereotyping of physical appearance.1.6 Outline of the StudyThe outline of the study consists of five chapters, as the following:Chapter I contains background of the study, reasons for choosing topic,statement of problems, objectives of the study, significances of the study, andoutline of study.
7Chapter II is review of related literature. This chapter is divided into threesub-chapters. They are review of previous studies, theoretical background, andtheoretical framework of analysis.Chapter III presents the methodology that used in analysing the data. Itconsists of research design, object of the study, roles of researcher, procedures ofcollecting the data, procedures of data analysis.Chapter IV presents the analysis. This chapter contains results and analysisof the study. The analysis will be directed to the study of structuralism approachsupported with the concept signified and signifier by Ferdinand de Saussure.Chapter V is a conclusion and suggestion. It consists of the conclusion ofthe study based on the analysis and the suggestion from me as the writer.
CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREIn this chapter, I will discuss the review of related literature which consists ofreview of previous studies with similar topic
I choose Wonder novel by R.J. Palacio as the object of the research. Wonder is a novel about a boy with abnormal face named August Pullman as the main character. August, who is suffered from some complicated health, is discriminated by his
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