Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2012 - Edexcel
Mark Scheme (Results)Summer 2012GCE GeographyGlobal Challenges6GE01
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nNumberAnswerMark1(a)(ii)Point mark any 2 explanations:Lowest rain on record / greatest deficiency They are highly populated (two major cities) An area of high water demand (outstrips supply) El Nino linked to drought (2)Do not accept ‘it has the most (1)QuestionNumber1 (b)AnswerMarkExpect explanations, which may include some description,of how El Nino leads to drought:El Nino cycles occur roughly 3 – 7 years in thePacific Ocean Colder water off Australia/ Indonesia / Asia Explains colder water means less evaporation sodrought on land – Australia/ Indonesia / Asia Role of high pressure / anti –cyclone conditionsplays in drought for western regions Explains change /cycle is associated with tradewinds weakening / reversing And may develop this (e.g provides accurateaccount of warm weather ‘sloshing’ east, or detailsof cold currents) Credit La Nina droughts (as part of cycles) e.g.intensification of dry conditions in South America Credit definition of drought and explanations ofhuman factors that exacerbate drought inAustralia. Credit accurately drawn diagram(s) used to support theanswer. Also credit other valid and located drought ideasand concepts (teleconnections ideas ideas, Walkercirculation).Do not credit details of what is happening in low pressure /high rainfall / flood rich regions or impacts of drought.(5)
QuestionNumber2 (a) (i)AnswerMarkThe long term change shown is cyclical or a move towardsan elliptical orbit. Award 1 mark for any of the followingeffects:Regular cycles / fluctuations of cooling & warmingShift to an ice age or inter–glacial.Periods with warmer winters and cooler summersOther acceptable interpretations should be creditedDo not credit ‘global warming’ and other human triggeredtrends or very general statements e.g. ‘getting warmer’.(1)QuestionNumberAnswerMark2 (a)(ii)E(1)QuestionNumber2 (b)AnswerChanges in the tilt of Earth’s axisAward mark for statement that increased activity leadsto warmer Earth / or decreased activity leads to cooling.Award mark for the explanation:More sunspots leads to warmingSolar flares leads to warmingMagnetic storms / activity leads to warming11 year cycles of sunspots occurAward mark for statement that eruptions can lead tocooler Earth or more rain. Award mark for development,such as:Dust / ash /gas (SO2) in atmosphere reflectsradiationApplied use of example e.g. Krakatoa 1883 led to1C fall in global temperaturesDust acts as condensation nucleiDo not accept volcanic activity as explanation of globalwarming.Mark22(4)
QuestionNumber2(c)AnswerExplanations should focus on how human activity has led torising levels of greenhouse gases.GHG concentrations have all increased since 1750 Fossil fuels for industry /heating / transport release CO2 may have figures (from 280 to 380 ppm) Global population growth idea of affluence /consumption rising gives examples e.g. in NICs Deforestation causes CO2 rise loss of carbon sink Methane increases driven by agriculture e.g. ricecultivation / cattle ranching a very potent gas alsolandfill Nitrous oxide linked with industry / agriculture andmay have details Credit accurate statements about role of water vapoure.g. aeroplanes and role of CFCs as a long-life GHG (donot credit ozone depletion) Credit other valid ideas stionNumber3(a)(ii)AnswerTemperature rise could either bring increasedevaporation and more rain or increaseddesertification Imprecise nature of scientific prediction / debatedscience of climate change including the IPCC models gives examples of uncertainty e.g ITCZ movement,positive feedback Unknown if climate mitigation / agreements will work Credit other valid suggestions or use of dataMark(3)
kAnswers should focus on economic impacts, can be positive and negative.Less rainfall reduces livelihood for subsistence farmers / farmers who selltheir own crops may give extension facts /figures Less rainfall reduces income for cash-crops commercial sector / formalsector / TNCs may provide example e.g. tea /coffee in Kenya Wetter climate could help crops so positive economic impact butpossible negatives too e.g. flood risk to agriculture, businesses Changing climate could threaten (or boost) tourism perhaps linked tochanges in flora / fauna / activities Cost of rising health care linked to change e.g. Malaria Changes shown could lead to economically damaging storm activity Credit recognition of different scales of impact e.g. individual incomes aswell as national GDP Credit other valid economic suggestions and extended points No credit for „farmers can‟t grow crops‟.(4)AnswerMarkAnswers should focus on explanations for rising food insecurity :Less food produced if water availability lessened / desertification (donot credit warmer less food)Changing climate could limit growing locations (may extend e.g. idea ofbiomes or actual crop data).Increased hurricane frequency and impacts on crops (may use examplese.g. bananas in Caribbean).Land lost to sea-level rise due to thermal expansion / melting (and mayhave applied examples)Makes global link between less food grown in some places andavailability elsewhere (imports, exports)Arctic ecology changes could limit local food for Inuit etc.Loss of income for farmers e.g. loss of cash crop so can’t by food either.Credit explanation of other contributing factors to food insecurity e.g.population growth or rising affluence of BRICs. mark for each valid point and for extension/ example(5)
QuestionNumber4 (a)AnswerQuestionNumber4 (b)AnswerEMarkbread and bacon(1)MarkExpect a range of reasons for TNCs worldwide sourcing :Lowering costs helps explain why:Cheaper labour costs in some placesCheaper land costs in some placesOffers profit motive as an explanationLocation / site factors help explain:Attractions of export processing zones / EPZsClimatic barriers to production in home countrySeasonality of production / need all – year suppliesmanufacturing assembly parts from supply chains /global production networksGlobalised world factors:Improved ICT fosters out sourcingFallen transport costs fosters out sourcingLower tariffs in trade blocs encourages sourcingRange of suppliers minimises disruption risk.QuestionNumber4(c)Other good geographical ideas should be credited markfor each idea and mark for any extension /example.(4)AnswerMarkAnswers should focus on explanations of TNC productadaption:Credit mention / definition of glocalisationProfitability – these are sales strategiesCulture – some items not wanted / liked / to tasteReligious objectionsYouthful product, not yet mass marketedAffluence – not all markets can afford the cost of aTNC’s full range including ‘premium’ productsLocal availability of parts/ingredients may affectproductMay have other creditable ideas Mark for each different explanation and mark foreach extension /example that supports thatexplanation.One example of a TNC (e.g. McDonald‟s in India) canreach full marks if several explanation feature.(5)
QuestionNumber5(a)AnswerQuestionNumber5 (b)AnswerDMark(1)Economic migrantsMark1. Up to three marks for:Different population sizes Distances to travel may make estimates of distances oruses data to compare Applied idea of intervening obstacles Availability of travel routes / easy travel Lack of work at source or ability to afford travel Political push (asylum) or cultural reasons/links e.g.French speakers working in France (former colony) Credit other valid push / connection factors but not pullfactors.2. Up to 3 marks for :The EU estimates numbers of illegal migrants Inaccurate recording at source Poor source border controls / better in EU may developwith hi – tech/ secure border example More leave Egypt than enter the EU legally Credit refugees who were not recorded leaving e.g.Arab spring (accept this) Credit other valid suggestions3 3 no transfer33(6)
QuestionNumber5(c)AnswerAnswers should focus on reasons why people within the EUmigrate to the Mediterranean coast, not a description ofthe migration flows within the EU. Reasons include:Warm climate may be linked to specific ages groups or has actual data .Free movement in EU encourages this may extende.g. Schengen Agreement.Award mark for details of a specific workopportunity, e.g. construction/tourism ( mark for alist of jobs).Award mark for details of a specific economicbenefit of moving, e.g. lower housing costs than UK ( mark for a list of economic benefits).Idea of cultural hubs e.g. Cannes Film Festival/media hub .Idea of attractive enclaves e.g. ‘Brit’ ex-pat villagessuch as Villefranche Sur Mer .EU infrastructure (ICT and travel) encourages internalmigration to attractive places may have details .Credit other valid reasons.Do not credit un-grounded comments, e.g. “betterWeather” (better how/than where?) or “cheaperhousing” (cheaper then where?)QuestionNumber6(a)MarkAnswer(5)MarkAward for any two specific concern provided in theanswer space (credit best two if multiples provided):Pollution from GHG/combustible gases. Groundwater pollution from leachate. Smell/noise affects property/amenity value (do notcredit ‘smelly’).Unsightly land linked with property values (do notcredit ‘ugly’.Specific health risks, e.g. asbestos/may attract vermin. Ecological footprint becoming too large. or idea ofmore and more land needed over time Not sustainable development/should recycle.Non bio-degradable materials accumulating. Credit all other valid reasoned points (e.g do not credit“land is not used” but do credit “land could be used forhousing”).(2)
QuestionNumber6(b)AnswerAward mark for a valid strategy: recycling,reuse, lower packaging, composting, incinerationfor energy recovery, etc.Award further marks for explaining howenvironment is helped (do not credit description ofschemes, e.g. coloured bags, etc; do not credit‘less landfill’).Uses carbon footprint concept. Uses ecological footprint concept. Notes non-biodegradable nature of landfill; arguesless harm done to birds/animals. Recognises recycling use less oil/energy than newproduction. Other valid environmental benefits of namedstrategy. QuestionNumber6(c)MarkAnswer(3)MarkAnswers should focus on explanations of how globalisationhas increased consumption of goods and resources:Credit definition of globalisation. Outlines how globalisation brings cheaper goods/lowerscosts so people buy more may explain why e.g.lower labour costs. Globalisation is associated with low-cost transportwhich lowers costs and ICT-led out-sourcing. Outlines how globalisation has brought wealth toNICs/BRICs so consumption rising there may havedetails of why. Trade bloc growth has a role e.g. lack of internaltariffs lowers market prices. ‘Global culture’ ideas e.g. exposure to new types offood or goods due to ‘shrinking world’. Strategies of TNCs e.g. glocalisation builds newconsumer markets & power of media/adverts. Also credit R & D role of TNCs following a profitable‘global’ model – so innovation and more sales. Credit other valid ideas and award marks for anyapplied use of examples. For full marks, there shouldbe explicit recognition consumption rises due to cheapgoods, etc.(5)
Question NumberIndicative contentQuestion Number7 (a)Indicative contentLevelLevel 1Mark1-4DescriptorLevel 25-7Level 38-10Strongest earthquakes – Examples shown have high disaster potential,but lower magnitude EQs have sometimes been more damaging. Creditknowledge of different measurement scales.Not always most costly – invites use of disaster equation (populationdensity issues); or costs framework (lives lost, property damaged, etc).New Zealand stands out especially.Little structure. Unselective use of Figure 7, very basic links only madewith EQ magnitude; or may show basic recognition of threat posed topoor places. There are frequent written language errors.Some structure. Some competent explanation of reasons why humancosts of strong EQ events may vary. Some geographical terminology isused. There are some written language errors.Structured account. Can offer several reasons why costs of strong EQ notnecessarily high. Sound explanation linked to ideas taken from Figure 7and/or own examples. Appropriate geographical terms showunderstanding. Written language errors are minor.Question Number7 (b)Indicative contentLevelLevel 1Mark1-4DescriptorLevel 25-8Level 39-12Level 413-15Physical factors – expect details to be provided of plate boundaries(Philippines/Eurasian subduction), cyclone belt, slope gradients(landslides) as important factors making this location a disaster hotspot.May include El Nino/La Nina events.Range of hazard risks – this is a hazard hotspot location. May recognisethat risks are not the same for all types of hazard; or may note thatsome risks are connected (e.g. landslides triggered by other events); orcan recognise extreme events and possibly their recurrence intervals(e.g. Pinatubo 1991).Little structure. Simple statements only (e.g. lists a few hazards andmay assert poverty problem). Geographical terminology is rarely used.There are frequent written language errors.Some structure. A partial answer that describes at least two hazards.Limited/generalised details or examples. Some geographical terminologyused. Some written language errors.Structured account that offers a range of hazards/factors (do not expectall of the main ideas to be covered). Examples and explanation of thedisaster hotspot are specific. Geographical terms show understanding.Written language errors are minor.Well-structured, detailed explanation of the physical factors that makethe Philippines a disaster hotspot. Uses appropriate geographical termsto show understanding. Written language errors are rare.
8 (a)Different countries – groupings of MEDCs/EU/USA and BRICs/NICs areshown. Popular themes likely to be: commitment low in USA, whereconcerns are also lowest; easier to adopt low-impact lifestyle in a lowerincome country (less sacrifice needed).Attitudes – Personal feelings may relate to personal optimism which isalso shown in Figure 8; the risks faced by particular countries and cost ofadapting may colour views; cultural arguments could be applied to tryand explain differences. May suggest factors that may impact onoptimism (e.g. fatalism of some well-educated people in EU/USA). Maypick up on ‘act local’ theme.LevelLevel 1Mark1-4Level 25-7Level 38-10DescriptorLittle structure. Very basic points only about one or two places/types ofcountry. Geographical terminology is rarely used. There are frequentwritten language errors.Some structure. Outlines a range of possible reasons for a smallspecified range of countries/people. Some geographical terminologyused. Some written language errors.Well-structured account that outlines some specific credible reasons forsome clearly specified countries within wider context of reasons forconcern and optimism. Appropriate geographical terms showunderstanding. Written language errors are minor.
Question NumberQuestion Number8 (b)Indicative contentIndicative contentLevelLevel 1Mark1-4DescriptorLevel 25-8Level 39-12Level 413-15Global warming – Expect the problem to be outlined, perhaps in termsof direct temperature rises (and impacts on agriculture) or indirectproblems such as sea-level rise and biodiversity impacts.Uneven and unfair – Focus should be on who/where the worst ‘losers’will be (uneven) and why this can be viewed as an injustice e.g. Africanpopulations, already suffering from a lack of level playing field intrade/aid, may suffer the worst impacts of climate change despite theirlow GHG emissions. Accept idea of environmental injustice for species,e.g. Arctic animals.One or two simple/general statements on impacts only e.g. asserts ‘poorAfricans’ or ‘polar bears will lose homes’. Geographical terminology israrely used. There are frequent written language errors.Some structure. A partial answer describing someenvironmental/ecological changes harming poor people or a simplecontrast made between polluters and ‘victims’ Limited/generaliseddetails or examples. Some geographical terminology is used. There aresome written language errors.Structured account that attempts to explain why some places/peopleare more affected than others. Can explain why this is unfairness, e.g.polluters versus those impacted. Examples and explanation are morespecific. Geographical terms show understanding. Written languageerrors are minor.Well-structured, detailed explanation of the different impacts on arange of environments that explicitly recognises the impacts are bothuneven and unfair. Uses appropriate geographical terms andexemplification to show understanding. Written language errors arerare.
9 (a)Megacity migration – invites focus on ‘pulls’ of Shanghai but could alsodiscussion rural ‘push’ and links with agricultural TNCs. May mentioninternational migration (e.g. with TNCs).Globalisation – there is scope to develop and extend the ideas provided:role of transport (Pudong airport); employment (World Financial Centre,TNC factories). An answer that does not explicitly mention globalisationbut is focused on factors linked to it (TNCS, technology) can still reachLevel 3.LevelLevel 1Mark1-4Level 25-7Level 38-10DescriptorLittle structure. Very basic assertions about jobs on offer in cities.Geographical terminology is rarely used. There are frequent writtenlanguage errors.Some structure. Some competent explanation of links between migrationand globalisation factors (e.g. TNCs or airports). Some geographicalterminology used. Some written language errors.Structured account. Sound explanation, based on Figure 9 and ownideas, for a range of globalisation-related reasons why people internallyand/or internationally are drawn to megacities. Geographical termsshow understanding. Written language errors are minor.
Question Number9 (b)Indicative contentLevelLevel 1Mark1-4DescriptorLevel 25-8Level 39-12Level 413-15Globalisation – Good definitions of the term should be rewarded, e.g.recognises different aspects.Technology - Expect discussion of role of ICT and social networks,‘shrinking world’ effects/time-space compression; may acknowledgelimits, e.g. China. May broaden to include transport technology, notablycheap flights & containerisation - vital for economic globalisation.Trade blocs – removing tariffs builds trade through comparativeadvantages a
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Matthew 27 Matthew 28 Mark 1 Mark 2 Mark 3 Mark 4 Mark 5 Mark 6 Mark 7 Mark 8 Mark 9 Mark 10 Mark 11 Mark 12 Mark 13 Mark 14 Mark 15 Mark 16 Catch-up Day CORAMDEOBIBLE.CHURCH/TOGETHER PAGE 1 OF 1 MAY 16 . Proverbs 2—3 Psalms 13—15 Psalms 16—17 Psalm 18 Psalms 19—21 Psalms
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately. All marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
H567/03 Mark Scheme June 2018 6 USING THE MARK SCHEME Please study this Mark Scheme carefully. The Mark Scheme is an integral part of the process that begins with the setting of the question paper and ends with the awarding of grades. Question papers and Mark Schemes are d
the mark scheme should be used appropriately. All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
Mark scheme for Paper 1 Tiers 3-5, 4-6, 5-7 and 6-8 National curriculum assessments ALL TIERS Ma KEY STAGE 3 2009. 2009 KS3 Mathematics test mark scheme: Paper 1 Introduction 2 Introduction This booklet contains the mark scheme for paper 1 at all tiers. The paper 2 mark scheme is printed in a separate booklet. Questions have been given names so that each one has a unique identifi er .
Aug 15, 2019 · Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2019 Pearson International Advanced Subsidiary Level In Chemistry (WCH11) Paper 01 Structure, . perception of where the grade boundaries may lie. There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately. All th
2 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions. 3 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e if the answer matches the mark scheme.
