Chapter 22 GMAT Math And Verbal Warm-Up Test

VerbalVerbal TestTime—30 Minutes20 QuestionsThis test is made up of sentence correction, critical reasoning, and reading comprehension questions.Sentence Correction Directions: In sentence corrections, some part of the sentence or the entire sentence is underlined. Beneath each sentence you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeatsthe original; the other four are different. If you think the original is the best of these answer choices, choose answer(A); otherwise, choose the best version and select the corresponding letter.Reading Comprehension Directions: After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answerall questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.Critical Reasoning Directions: Select the best of the answer choices given.21. Unseasonable weather in the months before awine harvest can cool vineyards in the Bordeauxregion enough to affect the overall size of thegrapes themselves, create unwanted moisturethat can cause mold in some grape varieties anddeterioration in others.(A)to affect the overall size of the grapes themselves,create(B) to affect the overall size of the grapes themselves,and create(C) that the overall size of the grapes themselves areaffected, create(D) that it affects the overall size of the grapesthemselves, creates(E) that the size of the grapes are affected and creates22. It is posited by some scientists that the near extinction of the sap-eating gray bat of northwesternAmerica was caused by government-sponsoredlogging operations in the early 1920s that greatlyreduced the species’ habitat.Which of the following, if true, most stronglyweakens the scientists’ claims?(A) Logging operations in the 1920s are widely heldresponsible for the near extinction of otherspecies that lived in the same area.(B) A boom in new home construction in the early1920s led congress to open federal lands tologging operations.(C) A 5-year drought in the early 1920s severely reduced the output of sap in trees in northwesternAmerica.(D) Numbers of sightings of sap-eating gray bats fellto their lowest numbers in 1926.(E) Sightings of sap-eating gray bats in Europe stayedroughly the same during the same period.GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.486 Cracking the New GMAT22b New GMAT Warm Up.indd 48612/13/2011 3:56:32 PM

VerbalMath23. Upset by the recent downturn in production numbers during the first half of the year, the possibilityof adding worker incentives was raised by theboard of directors at its quarterly meeting.(A) the possibility of adding worker incentives wasraised by the board of directors at its quarterlymeeting(B) the addition of worker incentives was raised as apossibility by the board of directors at itsquarterly meeting(C) added worker incentives was raised by theboard of directors at its quarterly meeting as apossibility(D) the board of directors raised at its quarterlymeeting the possibility of worker incentivesbeing added(E) the board of directors, at its quarterly meeting,raised the possibility of adding worker incentives24. Whenever a major airplane accident occurs, thereis a dramatic increase in the number of airplanemishaps reported in the media, a phenomenonthat may last for as long as a few months after theaccident. Airline officials assert that the publicity given the gruesomeness of major airplaneaccidents focuses media attention on the airline industry, and the increase in the number of reportedaccidents is caused by an increase in the numberof news sources covering airline accidents, not byan increase in the number of accidents.Which of the following, if true, would seriouslyweaken the assertions of the airline officials?(A) The publicity surrounding airline accidents islargely limited to the country in which the crashoccurred.(B) Airline accidents tend to occur far more oftenduring certain peak travel months.(C) News organizations do not have any guidelines tohelp them decide how severe an accident mustbe for it to receive coverage.(D) Airplane accidents receive coverage by newssources only when the news sources find itadvantageous to do so.(E) Studies by government regulators show that thenumber of airplane flight miles remains relativelyconstant from month to month.GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.GMAT Math and Verbal Warm-Up Test22b New GMAT Warm Up.indd 487 48712/13/2011 3:56:32 PM

MathVerbalQuestions 25–28 are based on the followingpassage:The function of strategic planning is to positiona company for long-term growth and expansion ina variety of markets by analyzing its strengths andweaknesses and examining current and potentialopportunities. Based on this information, the company develops strategy for itself. That strategy thenbecomes the basis for supporting strategies for itsvarious departments.This is where all too many strategic plans goastray—at implementation. Recent business management surveys show that most CEOs who havea strategic plan are concerned with the potentialbreakdown in the implementation of the plan. Unlike 1980s corporations that blindly followed their5-year plans, even when they were misguided,today’s corporations tend to second-guess.Outsiders can help facilitate the process, but inthe final analysis, if the company doesn’t make theplan, the company won’t follow the plan. This wasone of the problems with strategic planning in the1980s. In that era, it was an abstract, top-downprocess involving only a few top corporate officersand hired guns. Number crunching experts cameinto a company and generated tome-like volumesfilled with a mixture of abstruse facts and grandtheories which had little to do with the day-to-dayrealities of the company. Key middle managerswere left out of planning sessions, resulting in lostopportunities and ruffled feelings.However, more hands-on strategic planning canproduce startling results. A recent survey queriedmore than a thousand small-to-medium sized businesses to compare companies with a strategicplan to companies without one. The survey foundthat companies with strategic plans had annualrevenue growth of 6.2 percent as opposed to 3.8percent for the other companies.Perhaps most important, a strategic plan helpscompanies anticipate—and survive— change.New technology and the mobility of capital meanthat markets can shift faster than ever before.Some financial analysts wonder why they shouldbother planning two years ahead when marketdynamics might be transformed by next quarter.The fact is that it’s the very pace of change thatmakes planning so crucial. Now, more than ever,companies have to stay alert to the marketplace.In an environment of continual and rapid change,long-range planning expands options andorganizational )(50)488 25. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)refute the idea that change is bad for a corporation’s long-term healthdescribe how long-term planning, despite somepotential pitfalls, can help a corporation togrowcompare and contrast two styles of corporateplanningevaluate the strategic planning goals of corporate America todaydefend a methodology that has come undersharp attack26. It can be inferred from the passage that, in general, strategic planning during the 1980s had all ofthe following shortcomings EXCEPT(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)a reliance on outside consultants who did notnecessarily understand the nuts and bolts ofthe businessa dependence on theoretical models that didnot always perfectly describe the workings ofthe companyan inherent weakness in the company’s ownability to implement the strategic planan excess of information and data that made itdifficult to get to key conceptsthe lack of a forum for middle managers toexpress their ideas27. The author most likely mentions the results of thesurvey of 1,000 companies in order to(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)put forth an opposing view on strategic plansso that she can then refute itillustrate that when strategic planning is“hands-on,” it produces uninspiring resultsgive a concrete example of why strategic planning did not work during the 1980ssupport her contention that strategic planning,when done correctly, can be very successfulgive supporting data to prove that many companies have implemented strategic plansGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Cracking the New GMAT22b New GMAT Warm Up.indd 48812/13/2011 3:56:33 PM

VerbalMath28. The passage suggests which of the followingabout the “financial analysts” mentioned in lines41–44?(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)They believe that strategic planning is the keyto weathering the rapid changes of themarketplace.They are working to understand and anticipatemarket developments that are two yearsahead.Their study of market dynamics has led them toquestion the reliability of short-term planningstrategies.They might not agree with the author that oneway to survive rapidly changing conditionscomes from long-range planning.They consider the mobility of capital to be anecessary condition for the growth of newtechnology.30. Informed people generally assimilate informationfrom several divergent sources before comingto an opinion. However, most popular newsorganizations view foreign affairs solely throughthe eyes of our State Department. In reporting thepolitical crisis in foreign country B, newsorganizations must endeavor to find alternativesources of information.Which of the following inferences can be drawnfrom the argument above?(A)(B)(C)29. The Internal Revenue Service has directed thattaxpayers who generate no self-employmentincome can no longer deduct home offices, homeoffice expenses, or nothing that was alreadydepreciated as a business expense the previousyear.(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)or nothing that was alreadyor that was alreadyor anything that was alreadyand anythingand nothing that already was(D)(E)To the degree that a news source gives anaccount of another country that mirrors thatof our State Department, that reporting issuspect.To protect their integrity, news media shouldavoid the influence of State Departmentreleases in their coverage of foreign affairs.Reporting that is not influenced by the StateDepartment is usually more accurate than areother accounts.The alternative sources of information mentioned in the passage might not share thesame views as the State Department.A report cannot be seen as influenced by theState Department if it accurately depicts theevents in a foreign country.GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.GMAT Math and Verbal Warm-Up Test22b New GMAT Warm Up.indd 489 48912/13/2011 3:56:33 PM

VerbalMath31. When automatic teller machines were first installed in the 1980s, bank officials promised theywould be faster, more reliable, and less prone tomake errors than their human counterparts.(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)they would be faster, more reliable, and lessprone to make errorsthey would be faster, more reliable, and thatthey would be less prone for making errorsthe machines would be faster, more reliable,and less prone to make errorsthe machines were faster, more reliable, anderrors would occur much lessfaster, more reliable machines, and that errorswould be less prone32. With its plan to create a wildlife sanctuary out ofpreviously unused landfill, Sweden is but one of anumber of industrialized nations that is acceptingits responsibility to protect endangered speciesand promote conservation.(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)is accepting its responsibility to protect endangered species and promoteis accepting its responsibility for protectingendangered species and promotingare accepting its responsibility to protect endangered species and promotingare accepting of their responsibility to protectendangered species and to promoteare accepting their responsibility to protectendangered species and promote33. A decade after a logging operation in India begancutting down trees in a territory that serves as asanctuary for Bengal tigers, the incidence of tigersattacking humans in nearby villages has increasedby 300 percent. Because the logging operationhas reduced the number of acres of woodland pertiger on average from 15 acres to approximately12 acres, scientists have theorized that tigersmust need a minimum number of acres of woodland in order to remain content.Which of the following statements, if true, wouldmost strengthen the scientists’ hypothesis?(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)In other wildlife areas in India where the number of acres of woodland per tiger remains atleast 15 acres, there has been no increase inthe number of tiger attacks on humans.Before the logging operation began, there weremany fewer humans living in the area.The largest number of acres per tiger before thelogging operation began was 32 acres pertiger in one area of the sanctuary, whereasthe smallest number of acres per tiger afterthe logging operation was 9 acres.Other species of wild animals have begun competing with the Bengal tigers for the dwindling food supply.The Bengal tiger has become completely extinct in other areas of Asia.GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.490 Cracking the New GMAT22b New GMAT Warm Up.indd 49012/13/2011 3:56:33 PM

VerbalMath34. The machine press union and company management were not able to communicate effectively,and it was a major cause of the 1999 strike inSeattle.(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)The machine press union and company management were not able to communicateeffectively, and itCommunications between the machine pressunion and company management were noteffective, and itFor the machine press union and companymanagement, to be unable to communicateeffectivelyThe inability of the machine press union andcompany management to communicateeffectivelyThe machine press union, being unable tocommunicate effectively with companymanagement,36. Heavy metals, toxic waste by-products that cancause tumors in fish, are generally found in thewaters off industrial shorelines, but have beendiscovered in trace amounts even in the relativelypristine waters of the South Pacific.(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)are generally found in the waters off industrialshorelines, but have been discovered in traceamounts evenare generally to be found in the waters offindustrial shorelines, and have even beendiscovered in trace amountscan, in general, be found in the waters off industrial shorelines, and have been discoveredin trace amounts evenhad generally been found in the waters offindustrial shorelines, but have even beendiscovered in trace amountsare found generally in the waters off industrialshorelines, but have been discovered in atrace amount even35. A greater number of fresh vegetables are sold inCity X than in City Y. Therefore, the people in City Xhave better nutritional habits than those in City Y.Each of the following, if true, weakens the conclusion above EXCEPT:(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)City X has more people living in it than City Y.Most of the people in City Y work in City X andbuy their vegetables there.The people in City X buy many of their vegetables as decorations, not to eat.The per capita consumption of junk food in CityX is three times that of City Y.The average price per pound of vegetables inCity Y is lower than the average price perpound of vegetables in City X.GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.GMAT Math and Verbal Warm-Up Test22b New GMAT Warm Up.indd 491 49112/13/2011 3:56:33 PM

VerbalQuestions 37–40 are based on the followingpassage:In Roman times, defeated enemies were generally put to death as criminals for having offendedthe emperor of Rome. In the Middle Ages, however, the practice of ransoming, or returning prisonersin exchange for money, became common. Thoughsome saw this custom as a step toward a morehumane society, the primary reasons behind itwere economic rather than humanitarian.In those times, rulers had only a limited ability toraise taxes. They could neither force their subjectsto fight nor pay them to do so. The promise ofmaterial compensation in the form of goods andransom was therefore the only way of inducingcombatants to participate in a war. In the MiddleAges, the predominant incentive for the individualsoldier was the expectation of spoils. Althoughcollecting ransom clearly brought financial gain,keeping a prisoner and arranging for his exchangehad its costs. Consequently, procedures were devised to reduce transaction costs.One such device was a rule asserting that theprisoner had to assess his own value. This compelled the prisoner to establish a value without toomuch distortion; indicating too low a value wouldincrease the captive’s chances of being killed,while indicating too high a value would either ruinhim financially or create a prohibitively expensiveransom that would also result in death.Line(5)(10)(15)(20)(25)37. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)discuss the economic basis of the medievalpractice of exchanging prisoners for ransomexamine the history of the treatment of prisoners of waremphasize the importance of a warrior’s codeof honor during the Middle Agesexplore a way of reducing the costs of ransomdemonstrate why warriors of the Middle Ageslooked forward to battles38. It can be inferred from the passage that amedieval soldier(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)was less likely to kill captured members ofopposing armies than was a soldier of theRoman Empireoperated on a basically independent level andwas motivated solely by economic incentiveshad few economic options and chose to fightbecause it was the only way to earn an adequate livingwas motivated to spare prisoners’ lives by humanitarian rather than economic idealshad no respect for his captured enemies sincecaptives were typically regarded as weakGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.492 Cracking the New GMAT22b New GMAT Warm Up.indd 49212/13/2011 3:56:33 PM

Verbal39. Which of the following best describes the changein policy from executing prisoners in Roman timesto ransoming prisoners in the Middle Ages?40. The author uses the phrase “without too muchdistortion” (lines 23–24) in order to(A)(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)The emperors of Rome demanded morerespect than did medieval rulers, and thusRoman subjects went to greater lengths todefend their nation.It was a reflection of the lesser degree of directcontrol medieval rulers had over their subjects.It became a show of strength and honor forwarriors of the Middle Ages to be able tocapture and return their enemies.Medieval soldiers were not as humanitarian astheir ransoming practices might have indicated.Medieval soldiers demonstrated more concernabout economic policy than did their Romancounterparts.(B)(C)(D)(E)indicate that prisoners would fairly assess theirworthemphasize the important role medieval prisoners played in determining whether theyshould be ransomedexplain how prisoners often paid more than anappropriate ransom in order to increase theirchances for survivalsuggest that captors and captives often hadunderstanding relationshipsshow that when in prison a soldier’s view couldbecome distortedEND OF WARM-UP TESTGMAT Math and Verbal Warm-Up Test22b New GMAT Warm Up.indd 493 49312/13/2011 3:56:33 PM

GMAT Math and Verbal Warm-Up Test The purpose of this 60-minute test is to get a rough idea of your current scoring range on the Math and Verbal sections of the GMAT and rough percentiles. Using these scores as a guide, you can then se