RIFLE SQUAD TACTICS B2F2837 STUDENT HANDOUT

B2F2837GuardProtectScreenRifle Squad TacticsTo protect the main force by fighting to gain time while alsoobserving and reporting information.To prevent observation, engagement or interference with a force orlocation.To observe, identify and report information and only fight in selfprotection.9Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad TacticsSquad Tactics - CharacteristicsIn order to apply the offensive concepts we have learned to this point, we first mustunderstand the characteristics of a squad.Mission:Locate, close with, and destroy the enemy by fire andmaneuver, or repel the enemy’s assault by fire andclose combat.Squad Task OrganizationSquad LeaderResponsibilities in CombatFire Team LeaderResponsibilities in CombatOrganic WeaponsSupplementary WeaponsFire SupportOptical EquipmentThe squad leader carries out the orders issued to him bythe platoon commander. Responsible for the tacticalemployment, fire discipline, fire control, and maneuverof the squad. Squad leaders position themselves wherethey can best carry out the orders of the platooncommander and observe and control the squad.Carries out the orders of the squad leader. In combatFire Team leaders position themselves where they canbest observe and control the fire team, particularly thefire team’s automatic fire. May or may not serve asgrenadiers based on the detriment such duty may haveon their ability to lead.M-16; M-203; M-249Demolitions; Claymores; Hand Grenades; GroundSignals and Flares; Assault Weapons (AT-4; SMAW;LAW)60mm Mortars ; 81mm Mortars ; Artillery; Close AirSupportPVS-14; PAS-13; PAS-22 ; PEQ-1510Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad TacticsCommunication Equipment (1) PRC-119 (B/F) ; PRC-148 ; PRC153 ; GPSSquad Tactics: Squad in the Attack - PreparationPreparation Phase: The preparation phase typically begins with the receipt of awarning order or mission and will consist of the six troop leading steps (BAMCIS).While the optimal order of preparation follows this order of steps, it should be noted thatthe order of BAMCIS may vary in execution depending on the situation. The tacticaltenets and related principles of war should be considered throughout the BAMCISprocess. They are the foundation for our decision making throughout our tacticalplanning process. Tactical Planning.Begin the planning.Reconnaissance.- Arrange for Reconnaissance.- Make Reconnaissance. Write out Operations Order.- Complete the plan.Delivery of the Order.-Issue of the Order.Supervise.Tactical Planning - Begin the PlanningAnalyze the Order from Ensure comprehension of Higher’s Intent.Higher Identify Squad Tasks/Mission (2 types). Main Effort. The commander provides thebulk of his combat power to the main effortto maintain momentum and ensureaccomplishment of the mission. The maineffort is provided with the greatest mobilityand the preponderance of combat support.The main effort is the commander’s bid forsuccess. Supporting Effort. A supporting effort canbe both offensive and defensive operationscarried out in conjunction with a main effortand is designed to support the main effort.11Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad TacticsSquad Tactics: Squad in the Attack - Preparation12Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad TacticsSquad Tactics: Squad in the Attack – Preparation (Continued)Conduct METT-TCAnalysis: Mission; Enemy;Terrain and Weather;Troops and Fire Support;Time; Civil Considerations Map Reconnaissance. Turn the map around and put yourself inthe enemy’s place. How and where can the enemy affect yourmission, the objective, route to theobjective, and after the enemy is destroyedon the objective. Combat Operations Center (COC)coordination. Recent enemy activity. Enemy strengths and weaknesses. Enemy tactics, techniques and procedures(TTPs) and patterns.Develop Enemy MostLikely Course of Action(EMLCOA) In relation to all phases of the attack,movement to the objective, actions on theobjective, and in consolidation.Examples of detail which should be included inthe EMLCOA are potential: Enemy ambush sites. Enemy patrol routes. Enemy listening posts/observation posts(LP/OPs). Orientation of the enemy position. Location of machine guns. Routes of withdrawal. Possible counter-attacks. EMLCOA is used to develop the tentativescheme of maneuver (SOM) and fire supportplan (FSP).Develop and Issue Warning Order13Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad TacticsSquad Tactics: Squad in the Attack – Preparation (Continued)Reconnaissance: Arrange for Reconnaissance, Make ReconnaissanceArrange forReconnaissanceArranging for reconnaissance need not necessarily bewithin the squad, or the platoon. Nor does it necessarilyconsist of a ground reconnaissance patrol. While that isthe most effective it may not be available.Make ReconnaissanceThe key to arranging for reconnaissance is that in itsexecution it will validate any assumptions made duringthe METT-TC process, and most importantly will confirmor deny the EMLCOA.14Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad TacticsSquad Tactics: Squad in the Attack – Preparation (Continued)Complete the Plan: Write Out Operations OrderTransitioning from reconnaissance, the leader should ensure incorporation of the newinformation gained from the reconnaissance, refining their EMLCOA, CG / CV analysis.The leader should also consider beginning coordination with lateral units, especiallywhen the squad is part of a larger operation. This should continue throughout theremainder of the preparation process. Crucial to the development of the plan is theidentification of the Main Effort (Mass) and the Supporting Efforts (Economy of Force).The Commander MUST designate the bid for success. If the tactician has consideredthe tactical tenets and principles of war throughout the process, this should be readilyrecognizable. Remember, they provide the basis for our tactical decision making.Develop the Scheme ofForm of Maneuver:Maneuver- Frontal Attack: A frontal attack is directed against the frontof an enemy force. The attack's goal is to break through theenemy defense and disrupt the defensive system, achievinga penetration. The frontal attack generally is the leastpreferred form of maneuver because it strikes the enemywhere he is strongest. A supporting attack and supportingarms may be used to suppress the enemy. A frontal attackmay be appropriate: For overrunning a weak or disorganized enemy.During a pursuit.For fixing an enemy in place.When a commander possesses overwhelmingcombat power and the enemy is at a cleardisadvantage.- Flanking Attack: A flanking attack is an offensivemaneuver directed at the flank of an enemy. A flankingattack seeks to strike the enemy from an unexpecteddirection — achieving a degree of surprise and avoiding theenemy's principal orientation of his main weapons systems. Usually (but not always) involves a supportingattack to suppress/fix the enemy.A reconnaissance of the enemy positionsenhances the attacker's ability to identify and avoidautomatic weapons, key obstacles, and mines.Squad Tactics: Squad in the Attack – Preparation (Continued)Complete the Plan: Write Out Operations Order (Continued)15Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad TacticsDevelop the FireSupport PlanDevelop Methods ofControl Tactical control measures:o Assembly Area (AA) - Friendly/PermissiveEnvironment. Issue Order.Rehearsals.Ammunition draw.Pre-Combat Checks (PCCs)Pre-Combat Inspections (PCIs)Weapons/Equipment/Communication checks.Extra/Special equipment drawn.o Attack Position (ATK POS) - Last covered andconcealed position before crossing the Line ofDeparture (LD). Make Condition 1 (Closed Bolt) / Condition 3(Open Bolt) Last minute preparation / Final checkscompleted Deployment into initial attack formations Coordination with highero Line of Departure (LD) – A line designated tocoordinate the departure of attacking elements.o Assault Position (ASLT POS) - Last coveredand concealed position before the objective. Easily recognizable on the ground. Call for Supporting Fire Deployment into final assault formation.Squad Tactics: Squad in the Attack – Preparation (Continued)16Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad TacticsComplete the Plan: Write Out Operations Order (Continued)Develop Formations forMovementThe table below lists only examples of some formations;speed and security will dictate the formation to be usedin different environments.LocationAssembly area to attackposition/line ofdepartureLine of departure toassault positionAssault position to limitof advanceSquad ColumnFormation Column WedgeColumnDepends onterrain or enemysituationWedgeColumnSquad LineWedge17Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad TacticsVeeOnlineEchelonDelivery Issue the order in the AA.Complete pre-combat checks.Rehearsals, back briefs, pre-combatinspections.Movement to Line of DepartureSquad Tactics: Squad in the Attack – ConductThe conduct phase of the attack begins when the squad crosses the Line of Departure.Crossing of the Line of Departure is NEVER to occur late, but may occur early uponrequest. Completion of the Conduct Phase occurs when we have assaulted through theobjective and begin the Consolidation/Exploitation Phase.18Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Movement to ASLT POSRifle Squad TacticsSpecific control measures or formations will be dictatedby: SituationSpeedMissionDegree of FlexibilityWeatherTerrainActions at the Assault Position, the last recognizablecovered and concealed position before the objectiveinclude: Movement to the ObjectiveASLT POS - OBJDeployment into final assault formation.Movement occurs with a purpose, preferably under theprotection of supporting fires. The goal is to assaultthrough the enemy objective is such a fashion that theenemy is unable to react to our assault (Surprise). WedgeEchelonSquad On LineThe squad automatic weapon (SAW) is capable of a highvolume of accurate fire out to extended ranges.Therefore, it is the primary weapon with which the fireteam leader can gain fire superiority over the enemy andthen begin to advance his team against the enemy. TheSAW also provides the primary means to maintain firesuperiority to ensure the enemy is suppressed and thefire team’s movement is continuously covered by fire.19Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad TacticsSquad Tactics: Squad in the Attack – Conduct (Continued)Movement UnderTo control the squad when under enemy fire, the squad leaderFire / Actions in the must consider the battlefield noise and confusion. If enemy fire isAssaultlight, the squad leader may be able to control the fire team leadersby voice, whistle, or arm and hand signals. As the volume ofenemy fire increases, this type of control becomes impossible. Thesquad leader must rely on the skill and initiative of the fire teamleaders to carry out the instructions he previously gave them.Below are various methods and concepts that will enhance theleader’s ability to communicate and lead their unit through theassault.Fighter/Leader. Fire team and squad leaders must fight and leadtheir units to the objective. During the Fog of War, it will be moreeffective for a fire team or squad leader to execute what he / shewants done rather than verbally communicate it. Their violence ofaction will set the tone of their unit’s attack and will maintain themomentum of their unit’s assault. Unit leaders must maintainsituational awareness and be prepared to provide the fire orexecute the movement that re-orients their unit on the enemy andaccelerates the speed of the unit’s assault.Base Unit Concept. Unit leaders control the speed, direction, andorientation of their entire unit by locating themselves in closeproximity with the base unit, a designated sub-unit that serves as areference point for the other sub-unit’s related movements. Unitleaders control their entire unit by driving the base unit through theobjective area. Its foundation is effective lateral and implicitcommunication.Reasons for Base Unit. The purpose of the base unit is to allow: The squad leader to control his unit when verbalcommands cannot be heard.Ease of control when visibility restrictions do not allowteam leaders to see the squad leader.Extend the flexibility of small unit direction changes downto the fire team leader, enabling him to maximize the useof micro-terrain allow the:o Fire teams to maximize the use of movement andfirepower within the team.o Squad leader to quickly change the direction and speedof the attack using hand and arm signals to direct thebase unit fire team and allowing the other two teams tofollow the base unit.20Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad TacticsSquad Tactics: Squad in the Attack – Conduct (Continued)Movement UnderFire / Actions in theAssault(Continued)Application of Base Unit Concept. The squad leader positionshimself next to the team leader of the team designated as the baseunit. The squad leader controls the squad by using the base unitfire team leader. If the base unit becomes pinned down orotherwise unable to continue movement forward as a result of anenemy surface, the squad leader can quickly reposition himselfwith another fire team and continue with the attack using a newbase unit. The squad leader, using the fighter/leader concept,dictates speed and direction. The fighter/leader concept allowssquad leaders to establish direction and speed of unit movementby their own individual movements and positioning near the basefire team.The fire team leaders must be: Able to move short distances to the left, right, forward, andback during movementCareful to guide off the general direction and speed of thebase unit so as not to fire into other teamsConsiderations of the Base Unit Concept. In heavy vegetationand limited visibility, the flanking fire team members nearest thebase unit must maintain visual or physical contact (connecting files)with the base unit so the squad leader can direct them.21Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad TacticsMovement UnderBuddy Team/Pair. Occur when Marines have broken down toFire / Actions in the their smallest maneuver unit. The Buddy Team/Pair is the smallestAssaultManeuver unit in the Marine Corps.(Continued)Roles/Responsibilities: Within the buddy pair, one Marine is inthe “fore” position while one Marine is in the “aft” position.Marine in “Fore” PositionEngages enemyCovers Sector (if no enemy)Marine in “Aft” PositionAssesses the effects of hisbuddy’s suppressionLooks to unit leader then buddyIdentifies micro terrainPrepares a rocket/hand grenadeEmploys M203Reloads WeaponInitiates the next buddy rushSuppress, Assess, Move: While firing and moving as part of abuddy pair, each Marine will cycle through the following steps:StepActionSuppress One Marine suppresses enemy from the “fore”position while his buddy is in the “aft” position.AssessThe Marine in the “aft” position assesses the effectsof his buddy’s suppression before moving. Oncesuppression is effective, the Marine in the “aft”position looks to his unit leader, looks to his buddy,identifies micro terrain, manipulates his weapon (andperforms additional actions from above table whereappropriate).MoveUnder effective suppression, the Marine from the “aft”position quickly moves to the micro terrain he alreadyidentified and begins engaging enemy orsearching/assessing his sector (when no enemy).Only when the Marine has accurate fire or verballyconfirms he is covering his sector (when no enemy)does the Marine in the “fore” position begin totransition and perform the responsibilities of the “aft”position. Within a fire team, exists two buddy teams. Fire team leader’s buddy team becomes the base unit forthe team. Lateral and implicit communication are most likely to occurbetween:o The Marines of the buddy team.o The buddy teams themselves.22Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad Tactics“The 300 Mil Rule”: The mil is an angle of measurement that ismuch smaller than a degree (17.8 Mils are equal to 1 Degree). Wecan approximate 300 Mils by fully extending both the thumb andpinky and positioning the hand to the right and left of the front sightpost of the weapon. When Marines rush next to one another, it isimportant not to engage downrange when a Marine comes withinthe 300 mil buffer in order to limit the risk of fratricide. For thisreason, Marines must limit the length of their rushes to distancesthat will enable their buddy to continue engaging enemy.23Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad TacticsSquad Tactics: Squad in the Attack – Conduct (Continued)Movement UnderIndividual Actions. Some principles for individual movementFire / Actions in the under fire are:Assault(Continued) Use high crawl to gain ground and to be able to accessweapon if needed, especially when under sporadic fire orwhen negotiating low obstacles Use low craw when under intense fire or for negotiating lowobstacles Execute rushes in short intervals to covered and concealedpositionsNote: The commonly referred to method is to being movement bysaying to yourself, “I’m up — they see me — I’m down.” Youshould get in the prone position when you say, “I’m down.”Before you begin movement, choose a covered position to moveto. If none are available, low crawl.24Basic Officer Course

B2F2837Rifle Squad TacticsSquad Tactics: Squad in the Attack – Conduct (Continued)Squad in theAssaultMovement Under Fire.To maintain control of the squad under heavy enemy fire, the squadleader positions himself near the fire team leader of the designatedbase unit fire team. By regulating the actions of the base unit fireteam leader, the squad leader retains control of the squad. Thebase unit fire team leader controls the action of his fire team; theother fire team leaders base their actions on those of the base unitfire team. For the squad to be effective in combat, this type ofcontrol must be practiced and perfected in training.The squad leader uses the base unit fire team to control the squad’s: Direction.OrientationSpeedThe intent is not for the other fire teams to maintain rigid positionsrelative to the base unit fire team; rather, the base unit fire teamserves merely as a general guide. If another fire team can

B2F2837 Rifle Squad Tactics 2 Basic Officer Course Rifle Squad Tactics Introduction The Marine Corps’ philosophy of warfighting is based on an approach to war called maneuver warfare. In several previous classes the tactical tene