A REEF AT RISK
FALL/WINTER 2012 oceana.orgA REEFAT RISKKate Walsh campaigns againstoffshore drilling in BelizePLUSGREAT WHITE SHARKS IN JEOPARDYANCHOVY’S COMEBACKVICTORIES IN CHILE AND SPAIN
Oceana is the largest international advocacy group working solely toprotect the world’s oceans. Oceana wins policy victories for the oceansusing science-based campaigns. Since 2001, we have protected over1.2 million square miles of ocean and innumerable sea turtles, sharks,dolphins and other sea creatures. More than 500,000 members ande-activists support Oceana. Global in scope, Oceana has offices inNorth, South and Central America and Europe. To learn more, pleasevisit www.oceana.orgBOARD OF DIRECTORSDr. Kristian Parker, ChairJames Sandler, Vice ChairSimon Sidamon-Eristoff,SecretaryValarie Van Cleave,TreasurerKeith Addis, PresidentHerbert M. Bedolfe IIITed DansonSydney DavisCésar GaviriaMaría Eugenia GirónStephen P. McAllisterMichael NorthropDr. Daniel PaulySusan RockefellerHeather StevensRoger van VlietSam WaterstonOCEANAChief Executive OfficerAndrew SharplessExecutive Vice President& General CounselJames SimonSenior Vice President,North American Oceans& Chief ScientistMichael Hirshfield, Ph.D.Vice President,European Oceans and SeasXavier PastorVice President, South AmericanOceans & AntarcticaAlex MuñozVice President, BelizeAudrey Matura-ShepherdVice President, StrategicMarketing & CommunicationsMatthew LittlejohnVice President, GlobalDevelopmentBettina AlonsoDeputy Vice President, U.S.CampaignsJackie SavitzDeputy Vice President, PacificSusan MurrayOCEAN COUNCILSusan Rockefeller, ChairJulie Tauber McMahon, Vice ChairDr. Andrew BevacquaCarolyn Marks BlackwoodKeely and Pierce BrosnanDeborah BuckBarbara and Bertram CohnAnn ColleyDan and Beth CortAndrew and Sydney DavisMichael DershowitzBrenda EarlBarbara Ettinger and Sven HusebyChristina Falco and Michael FrumkinJoanna and Brian FisherKelsey GrammerLea HarataniJulie HillCarey HotchkisHardy JonesJ. Stephen and Angela KilcullenRobert and Arlene KogodSlane Holland LightburneCynthia LufkinWilla and Ted LutzDede McMahonTiffany MollerVanessa NoelAaron PeirsolNicole PolizoisLois RobbinsAnne Alexander RowleyEve Kornyei RuffattoAndrew SabinStarr ScottJennifer Small and Adam WolfensohnKelly T. SmithDanielle SteakleySutton StrackeDanielle ThomasSusan TreesEDITORIAL STAFFEditorial ManagerEmily FisherAssistant EditorPete BrannenGraphic DesignerJenn Hueting9January Jonesswims again withOceana for anew PSA.6White sharks are in periloff the US west coast. OCEANADavid P. Stephens Tim CalverFALL/WINTER 2012 contents6 Jaws in JeopardyOceana is campaigning to protect avulnerable population of great whitesharks off the U.S. West Coast.Oceana is published by Oceana Inc. For questions or comments aboutOceana, or to subscribe to Oceana, please call Oceana’s membershipdepartment at 1.202.833.3900, e-mail membership@oceana.orgor write Oceana, Member Services, 1350 Connecticut Ave. NW,5th Floor, Washington, D.C. 20036, USA.Oceana’s Privacy Policy Your right to privacy is important to Oceana,and we are committed to maintaining your trust. Personal information(such as name, address, phone number, e-mail) includes data that youmay have provided to us when making a donation or taking action asa Wavemaker on behalf of the oceans. This personal information isstored in a secure location. For our full privacy policy, please visitOceana.org/privacypolicy.Please recycle.Printed with Eco-Ink — low volatility vegetable oil-based ink on25% post-consumer recycled, processed chlorine free paperproduced using 100% wind power in a carbon neutral process.
119How Spain’s anchovystock came backFeaturesDo you know what’s in yourFilet-O-Fish sandwich?Departments9 Anchovy’s ReturnThe remarkable collapse and recoveryof anchovies in the Bay of Biscay.1 CEO’s NoteA new report offers bad news and good news for the world’s fisheries.2 Making WavesThe latest campaign victories from Oceana’s international team.11 Profile: Alaska PollockA friendly introduction to one of theworld’s most popular seafood species.4 News & NotesThe 2012 Ocean Heroes, Kate Walsh visits Belize and more.5Q&AAuthor Callum Roberts discusses his new book, “The Ocean of Life.”13 What are Forage Fish?Oceana board member Dr. DanielPauly answers the question: What areforage fish and why do they matter?On the CoverActress KateWalsh swims witha ray in Belize.14 EventsSeaChange Summer Party, GQ Gentlemen’s Ball and more.17 Supporter SpotlightTricia and Michael Berns on their commitment to ocean conservation.18 Chef’s CornerBritish chef Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall with a recipe for quick-friedmackerel.19 Parting ShotKate Walsh snorkels in Belize. Tony RathOCEANA.ORG
Give TodayOceana’s accomplishments wouldn’t be possiblewithout the support of its members. You can helpOceana campaign to restore our oceans with yourfinancial contribution.Call us today at 1.877.7.OCEANA, visit www.oceana.org/give or use the envelope providedin this magazine to make a donation. Please contact us if you are interested inplanned giving that could support Oceana’s work and also provide you with incomeand potential tax benefits. Oceana is a 501(c)(3) organization and contributions are taxdeductible.4 FALL/WINTER 2012Protecting theWorld’s Oceans
CEO’STITLENOTENew evidence that we can and mustbring our fisheries back from the brink.The Association for the Advancementof Science, known as the “triple A-S”among the scientific cognoscenti, tracks,as its name suggests, the advancingfrontier of knowledge. The most importantdiscoveries are culled for publication in itsjournal, Science.The current issue is on my desk besideme today, and it includes an importantand sobering report. It used cutting edgestatistical analysis to look at fisheries withlimited data, mostly those in the developingworld. And it found that fisheries in thedeveloping world are largely in terrible shape.The good news is that, as this reportconfirms, fisheries that put in placesensible management measures do comeback and become abundant once again.This is important because these decliningfisheries are an essential source of food tohundreds of millions of people.Stopping the collapse of these fisheriesis what motivates us here at Oceana. Wedo that by winning and enforcing nationalpolicies that require scientifically soundfishing quotas, protect nursery habitat, andreduce bycatch (the accidental killing ofnon-target species). This issue of Oceanabrings you more news of our progress onall fronts.Managing ocean fisheries better sothey can feed more people is themost achievable global conservationopportunity of our time. It’s also a foodsecurity opportunity vital to the 1 billionpeople already suffering from hunger andmalnutrition. And with human populationon track to reach 9 billion by 2050, thisfood resource is essential to all of us.Well-managed oceans can feed 700million people a healthy seafood mealevery day in the year 2050.And they can do so cost-effectively. Marinefish are, on a per pound basis, the mostcost-effective animal protein on the planet.Compare them to pork, cattle, poultry –you name it – and wild ocean fish are, onaverage, the most affordable animal protein.That’s because terrestrial livestock is fedvast amounts of grain, and those grainfields need irrigation. A hungry worlddemands animal protein, and if the oceanscollapse, livestock production will increaseeven faster. Livestock production equalto the wild fisheries of a well-managedocean would require 200 million acres ofgrain fields – an area equal to half of all thecultivated land in the United States, or anarea greater than Turkey, or an area nearlythree times the US area currently planted incorn. New farm fields will inevitably requiremore cutting of forests.So if you’re contributing to Oceana, you’renot only helping to save the world’s oceansand to feed hundreds of millions of hungrypeople. You’re also helping to save theworld’s forests.Thank you!In addition, a healthy ocean reduces thecutting of forests and lessens demands forfresh water.Well-studied fisheries (mostly U.S. and Europe)Average global fish stock trendFisheries in the developing worldResponsible fishing level1.2Andy SharplessCEOLevel of fishing Derived from “Status and Solutions for the World’s Unassessed Fisheres, Costello et al, Science, 27 September, 2012.Oceana is grateful for the grants, contributions,and support it has received from dozens offoundations and companies and thousands ofindividuals. Oceana wishes to thank all of itssupporters, especially its founding fundersas well as foundations and individuals that in2011 awarded Oceana grants totaling at least 500,000: Adessium Foundation, ArcadiaFund, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation,Oak Foundation, Oceans 5, Planet HeritageFoundation, Robertson Foundation,Rockefeller Brothers Fund and the SandlerFoundation of the Jewish CommunityEndowment Fund.OCEANA.ORG 1
MakingTITLE WavesLeatherback sea turtlebecomes Californiastate symbolThe California legislature and Governor Browndesignated the endangered Pacific leatherback seaturtle as California’s official state marine reptile anddeclared October 15 as the state’s annual LeatherbackConservation Day.Oceana was a key champion of the bill and wonstatewide support from thousands of California citizensand more than 30 conservation entities includingthe California Fish and Game Commission. This newsymbol of the Golden State recognizes the importanceof California waters to the survival and recovery ofthis endangered and ancient sea turtle species andencourages further conservation efforts. Tim CalverSpain’s DoñanaNational Park savedfrom oil drillingThe Spanish government put an end to aproposed oil industry development thatwould have threatened Doñana NationalPark, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Plans to build an oil refinery in the Gulfof Cádiz, not far from Doñana, wouldhave led to higher ship traffic in the areaand a higher risk of oil spills or accidentsduring the tankers’ unloading operations,threatening animals such as the avocetand purple heron. Oceana is currentlyworking to create a Marine ProtectedArea in this section of the Gulf of Cádiz,which would be linked to the NationalPark. Oceana identified the threats posedby the construction of this oil refinery in2005, and has been campaigning againstit with other groups.‘Freezing the menu’ for forage fishAfter campaigning by Oceana, the Pacific FisheryManagement Council finalized its decision to prohibitthe development of new fisheries for currentlyunmanaged forage fish off the West Coast.Forage fish are the ocean’s small fishand invertebrates, such as lanternfish,smelts, saury and small squids, whichserve as prey for larger animals,including dolphins, whales, seabirds,and fish species like salmon, tunaand rockfish. They have immenseecological and economic value, butcan only serve their role as prey whenthey are left in the water.2 FALL/WINTER 2012 OCEANA Eduardo SorensenThe decision to “freeze the menu”builds on Oceana’s previous successto prohibit a fishery on krill, and setsup a process and timetable for interimprotective measures and a regulatoryprocess to implement a long-termprohibition on new fisheries.
MAKING WAVESTITLEVictories forsharks in EuropeFor the first time in its 60-year history,the General Fisheries Commissionfor the Mediterranean took action forshark protection. The Commissionadopted measures for the managementand conservation of sharks and raysin the Mediterranean. Twenty-threeMediterranean countries endorsed aproposal from the European Union thatbans the unsustainable practiceof shark finning, prohibits trawling insome sensitive near-shore habitats,and requires countries to collectand report data on catches of somethreatened species.In another win for European sharks,the EU also voted in favor of strictlyprotecting 10 threatened species ofsharks and rays in the MediterraneanSea. These species, includinghammerheads, tope, and shortfinmako, have declined dramatically innumbers – some by as much as 99percent during the last century –while others have vanished from partsof the Mediterranean where they wereonce common. Oceana was the onlyNGO pushing for this measure.Finally, the Fisheries Committee ofthe European Parliament voted tosupport a strict ban on shark finningboth in European Union waters and onEU ships worldwide. The new policy,which must be approved by the restof Parliament, would close loopholesin the EU’s existing shark finningpolicy, which allowed some vesselsto remove fins at sea. OCEANA LXIllinois bans shark fin tradeIllinois became the first inlandstate to ban the trade of sharkfins, following similar banspassed by California, Oregon,Washington and Hawaii in thegrowing national movement toprotect sharks.Although Illinois is far from the ocean, itimports large amounts of shark fins thatare used in the Asian delicacy, shark finsoup. This market demand for fins createsan incentive for the continued practiceof shark finning, where a shark’s fins aresliced off at sea and the body is thrownoverboard while the shark is often stillalive. Tens of millions of sharks are killedeach year for their fins, contributingto population declines as large as 99percent in recent decades.While shark finning is illegal in the UnitedStates, there are few federal laws thataddress the trade of shark fins. In fact,many shark fins are imported into the U.S.from countries with few or even no sharkprotections in place.Coal-fired powerplant defeated innorthern ChileA planned coal-firedthermoelectric power plantknown as Castilla innorthern Chile was rejectedby the Chilean SupremeCourt, a victory for Oceanaand its allies.Coal-powered thermoelectricpower plants arenotoriously dangerousto the environment. Thisplant was planned for thePunta Cachos area off ofChile’s northern coast, justa few miles from importanthabitats for Humboldtpenguins and sea turtles.As part of its operations,the plant would havereleased warm water intothe ocean, which wouldhave negatively affected theentire ecosystem.Despite initial approval bythe local environmentalcommission, the plantwas opposed by the localcommunity and various otherorganizations, includingOceana. The communityfought against the plant andwon, getting its approvalrevoked, but the companyappealed, bringing the caseto the Supreme Court, whichfinally ruled against theplant. Oceana continuesto campaign in Chileagainst plants like Castilla,which generate pollutionthat threatens coastalecosystems, the safety ofthe local air and water, aswell as the health of localcommunities.OCEANA.ORG 3
newsTITLE & notes13On World OceansDay, June 8,Actress andOceana supporterKate Walsh(“Private Practice”)traveled to Belizeto advocatefor Oceana’scampaign toprevent offshoredrilling in theThousands voted to crown Oceana’s 2012 OceanCentral AmericanHeroes. This was the fourth consecutive year Oceananation. Shehas held its celebration of everyday individuals makingsnorkeled in someof the country’sa difference for the oceans. The 2012 Adult Oceanmost belovedHero is Captain Don Voss, the owner of the MarineCleanup Initiative Inc., an organization that cleansmarine places thatup Florida’s waterways. Over the last 11 years, theare threatenedby proposedcompany has removed over 300,000 pounds of marinedebris. The 2012 Junior Ocean Hero is 15-year-olddrilling, such asJames Hemphill, the president of Project GreenLighthouse ReefTeens, a student-run environmental group that promotesAtoll, the Blueconservation in Virginia Beach. The group has removedHole and themore than a ton of trash from Virginia waterways. TheHol Chan Marineprizes for this year’s Ocean Heroes were generouslyReserve.In August, Oceana was again aconservation partner of Discovery’sShark Week. The 25th anniversaryof Shark Week featured severalconservation-oriented programs,including a show titled “Great WhiteHighway” narrated by Oceana boardmember Ted Danson.provided by Nautica and Revo Sunglasses.4Oceana CEO Andy Sharpless iswriting a book, forthcoming fromRodale next spring. The book,tentatively titled “The PerfectProtein: A fish-lover’s guide tosaving the oceans and feedingthe world,” reveals a major,overlooked answer to growing globalfood demand: wild seafood.4 FALL/WINTER 20125Oceana released a new report, “Ocean-Based Food SecurityThreatened in a High CO2 World,” which ranks nations thatare most vulnerable to reductions in seafood productionas a result of climate change and ocean acidification. While seafoodis currently a primary source of protein for more than a billion of thepoorest people in the world, carbon dioxide emissions are causingthe oceans to warm and become more acidic, threatening fisheriesand the people who depend on them. Rising ocean temperatures arepushing many fish species into deeper and colder waters towardsthe poles and away from the tropics, while increased acidity isthreatening important habitats such as coral reefs and the future ofshellfish like oysters, clams and mussels.
Q&ACallumRobertsis a professor of marineconservation at theUniversity of York inEngland and author of the2007 book “The UnnaturalHistory of the Sea.” Hissecond book, “The Oceanof Life,” was publishedthis spring. Oceana askedRoberts about the newbook and why we need a“New Deal” for the oceans.How does “The Ocean of Life” differfrom your first book, “The UnnaturalHistory of the Sea?”“The Unnatural History of the Sea” is abouthow 1,000 years of hunting and fishinghave changed the oceans. It is a voyagethrough time and around the world inwhich I let eye witnesses tell their storiesof discovery, plunder, glory and heartbreak,and in doing so let us see the oceans in anew light, as if for the first time. “The Oceanof Life” is painted on a bigger canvas. In itI go back to the very beginning in an effortto answer questions like, where did theoceans come from, what were they likebefore the Cambrian explosion of larger life,who were the first seafood lovers and wheredid they live? Although I cover the longhistory of fishing, it is by way of prelude to anexploration of the many other ways in whichwe are changing the oceans. Almost withoutnoticing it and within my lifetime, humanityhas gained dominion over the sea.What’s the most surprising thingyou learned about the oceans whileresearching and writing “The Oceanof Life?”Probably the most startling and troublingthing I learned, when I drew together themany intertwining strands of our influence, isthat the oceans are changing faster todayand in more ways than in all of human history.In fact, we may have to go all the way backto the planetary cataclysm that ended thereign of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago tofind a more rapid transformation of the sea.Considering all the threats facing theoceans that you outline in the book,which do you think most urgentlyneeds to be addressed?Of course, we are the root cause of all theproblems the oceans face and it is ourselveswe must change. The astonishing increase inglobal population coupled with our ingenuityin devising ever more elaborate ways to livein material comfort make it inevitable thatwe will continue to exert a huge influenceon the planet. So we have to find waysto live within our means and transition torenewable energy. Assuming we do this tosave ourselves, conditions will get bettereventually for life in the sea; the problem is,they are going to get worse first.So what can we do to help life through thehard times ahead? That is where I think weneed a “New Deal” for the oceans whichwould jointly target overfishing and pollutionto rebuild life in the sea.The oceans arechanging fastertoday and in moreways than in all ofhuman history.Can you summarize this “New Deal” forOceana readers?Throughout vast swathes of the seas wehave brought life to its knees. We havereduced once rich and vibrantecosystems that thronged withgiant fish and mammals to placeswhere not much at all lives now.Marine life, as Charles
FALL/WINTER 2012 CONTENTS Oceana is the largest international advocacy group working solely to protect the world’s oceans. Oceana wins policy victories for the oceans using science-based campaigns. Since 2001, we have protected over 1.2 million square miles of ocean and innumerable sea turtles, sharks, dolphins and other sea creatures. More than 500,000 members and e-activists support Oceana .
Reef Life Survey Assessment of Coral Reef Biodiversity in the Northst Marine Parks Network-we. Citation . Edgar GJ, Mellin C, Turak E, Stuart-Smith RD, Cooper AT, Ceccarelli DM (2020) Reef Life Survey Assessment of Coral Reef Biodiversity in the North-west Marine Parks Network . Reef Life Survey Foundation
3. On the board or another place that will be visible throughout the class, have students brainstorm differences between the different reef classifications (fringing reef, barrier reef, atoll, and patch reef). 4. Hand out Lesson 2: Reef Typing student worksheet. 5. Assign groups of 2-3 students and give each group a copy of Appendix A: Reef .
limestone, shale, and sandstone units. The Capitan Reef Complex geologic model of fore-reef, reef, and back-reef facies was described in detail by King (1948) and is illustrated in Figure 3, by Melim and Scholle (1999). The Capitan Reef Complex is exposed in outcrops in the Guadalupe Mountains (Eddy County,
Investing in the Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef is the world's best managed reef. Only the Coalition Government will keep it that way. We understand not only the importance of protecting the Reef, but of ensuring the Reef economy stays strong and resilient for generations to come.
c. Wave-driven flow thru reef & lagoon i. Waves break on fore reef, create pressure gradient over reef flat & lagoon, drive current that exits lagoon thru gaps in reef (Hearn 1999) ii. Flow over reef, thru lagoon shapes community distribution & production by controlling nutrient supply & turbulence 14
The Great Barrier Reef - a natural wonder at risk Over 2300km long and covering some 344,400km2, the Great Barrier Reef (the Reef) is the largest living reef structure on Earth1. It is home to more than 12,000 macroscopic marine species and is one of the most biodiverse places in the world2. In 2015/16, the Reef contributed more
Reef Life Survey Assessment of Coral Reef Biodiversity in the Coral Sea v Executive summary Australias oral Sea borders the Great arrier Reef, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and the Tasman Front. Globally, the Coral Sea is considered to be among the last remaining pristine seas with relatively low human impact.
4 ICRI Report 2019 Live Reef Food Fish Trade Y Sadovy ICRI Report 2019 Live Reef Food Fish Trade Y Sadovy 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The international live reef food fish trade (LRFFT) started . reef fish is small by global fishery standards, estimated to be in the order of 20,000-30,000 metric tonnes (t), . Australia and the Maldives and a few .
