Ultra-Low Power Sensor Communications Using Energy Harvesting

Ultra-Low Power SensorCommunications using EnergyHarvestingJoe Jesson, CTOXACT Technologyjjesson@xacttechnology.comFrankie Nwafilifrankie.nwafili@gmail.com

Typical Energy Harvesting Architecture

What’s Interesting? SiLabs Dev Kit for 45!Features: The system can operate and Transmitusing indoor lighting (@200 lux) Tiny Solid Battery is the InfinitePower Solutions THINERGYTM thinfilm battery Sensor node operates at 919.84 MHz Wireless Sensor Distance is 100-300ft 15 Years Continuous Reporting SiLabs Si1012 Transceiver and CPU

What’s Interesting? SiLabs Dev Kit for 45!

SiLab Si1012 Integrated Low-Power Single-ChipCPU, I/O, A/D ports and 240-960 MHz Transceiver!Hams – How about a Transverter for a Tiny Beacon?

Technology LTC4071 Thin-Film Battery ChargerFeatures: Low-Voltage Boost Charger Constant 4.1 Voltage Output Compatible with Thin Film Battery Supplies Ultra-low power LDO, Analog Devices ADP162 Supply

Architecture of a Parasitic Power SupplyPiezoelectricPhotoVoltaicAmbient RFThemoelectric oostConverter

Why Solar or Energy Harvesting?Three Intersecting Technologies in Time:50Power (mW)Power (mW)Cost40 30Efficient ParasiticEnergy Sources 1530 520Smart Embedded Sys &Efficient DC-DC Conv.1020000Jan 02 May 03 Oct 04Mar 06 Aug 07 Jan 09DateTIME20052012Supercapacitors & ThinFilm Batteries

Secret of Lowest Power Maximize RTC Sleep

Supercaps are Key - Enerchip Construction:

Low-Voltage, Efficient DC-DC Boost Converter

EnerChip Architecture:

TI & Chipcon Radio & Cymbet Evaluation Board:

Typical Percent Power by SubsystemInfrequent Location Reports (2x Day):Frequent Location Reports (12x Day):Sleep Ip(30ua RTC)Sleep Ip(30ua RTC)Receiver Ip(15ma RF)Receiver Ip(15ma RF)Xmit Ip(2A Current)Xmit Ip(2A Current)GPS Ip(110ma)GPS Ip(110ma)0%20%40%60%80%0%20%40%60%80%

Solar Energy Harvester Power Supply

Self-Powered SiLab Wireless Sensor Demo

Ambient Thermal Generator, NextremeFeatures: Regulated Vout of 3.3V, 4.1V or 5.0V Pout up to 1mW depending on ΔT Compatible with thin film batteries Small form factor ( 2 in3) Leverages LTC 3108 UDO Wide range of load resistances(15kΩor /Nextreme Thermobility WPG-1 Data Sheet.pdf

Relative Power Availability by Parasitic Source:

Commercialized Solar-Powered M2M/IoT TRAILERS, 60,000 on Wal-Mart Trailers!1 x PVs, Solar Augmented2 x PVs, 100% Solar w/o Sensors RAIL4 x PVs, 100% SolarSolar PV SpecificationsWeight (typical)SizeRated CurrentService LifePanel ImpactRated PowerRated Temperature9 oz.8.2” x 3.4” x 47”120 ma (9V OC) 10 years1” hailstones @ b50 mph1.25 Watts-40C to 85C* SLA Battery Pack Life Extended with Solar Trickle Charging

Why Solar or Energy Harvesting?Clear M2M/Iot Business Benefits: Pricing Inflection Point Improved Reliability Reduction in Fuel Quicker Installation Improved Covert Mtg (Motion) Longer Battery Life

Typical M2M/IoT ArchitectureGPSSatellitesTwo-waySatelliteEnd UserCustomerSystemGIS layerXML Data FeedFLEET PropSystemParsing & DB ServerAssetsCellular BSCGateway EarthStationNetworkControl CenterStandard Telematics Architectureinstalled on Powered and Unpowered AssetsJ. Jesson06/2009Copyright 2009

TI & Chipcon Radio & Cymbet Evaluation Board:

TI Evaluation Board Power for 802.15.4 Protocol:ParameterMinTypicalUnitsMin input Lux200LuxFull charge Lux700LuxLoad current (charging20uALoad Current (not charging)800nABattery Charge Voltage4.06Volts3.3Volts0.7VoltsBattery Cutoff VoltageUVLO Trip Select Voltage3.0

Other Energy Sources: ACI Piezo (PFCB) SourceDodge Dakota on 29SStored Energy (mJ)21.51.44 mJ29 S10.50PMCB softPMCB 39gPMCB 92g00.10.20.30.40.50.60.7Time (min) ACI Tested cars: Honda Civic, Dodge Dakota All vehicles produced sufficient energy in less thanminute for wireless transmission.

Other Energy Sources: Intel WISP, Wirelessidentification and Sensing Platform:Features: Capture Ambient TV/Radio Energy Wireless Energy to Power Transmitter Nikola Tesla would be Very Pleased!

Ultra-Low Power Sensor Communications using Energy Harvesting Joe Jesson, CTO XACT Technology jjesson@xacttechnology.com Frankie Nwafili frankie.nwafili@gmail.com . Typical Energy Harvesting Architecture . What’s Interesting? SiLabs Dev Kit for 45! Features: The system can operate and Transmit using indoor lighting (@200 lux) Tiny Solid Battery is the Infinite Power Solutions .