Levantine Arabic Verbs - Lingualism
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sampleLevantineArabicVerbsConjugation Tables and GrammarMatthew Aldrichwith Nadine-Lama Choucaire
2017 by Matthew AldrichRevised edition published 2021sampleThe author’s moral rights have been asserted.All rights reserved. No part of this document may bereproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, orotherwise, without prior written permission of thepublisher.ISBN: 978-0998641133website: www.lingualism.comemail: contact@lingualism.com
ContentsIntroduction . iisampleHow to Use This Book . iiiPronunciation . vConsonants. vVowels . viiThe Conjugation Tables . 1Prepositional Phrases . 99Personal Pronouns . 105Independent Pronouns . 105Suffixed Pronouns . 106Verb Forms and Uses . 107The Base Form. 107The Perfect Tense. 107The Imperfect Tense . 108The Bi-Imperfect Tense . 110The Imperative . 112The Active Participle. 113Compound Tenses . 114Verb Patterns . 115Measures. 115Qualities . 117Indexes . 118Index by Table Pattern . 118Arabic – English Index . 133English – Arabic Index . 144i Levantine Arabic Verbs
IntroductionsampleLevantine Colloquial Arabic is an umbrella term for the continuum of dialects spoken inLebanon, Syria, Palestine, Israel, and Jordan, a region collectively known as the Levant.Although there are some differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar, thevarieties of Arabic spoken in this region are, to a large extent, mutually intelligible. Itwould be confusing and ineffective to try to include several regional varieties in theconjugation tables in this book. For this reason, one variety, Lebanese Arabic, has beenchosen. Even if you plan to travel to—or just talk with speakers from—other parts of theLevant, you will be able to communicate using the Lebanese dialect and accentsuccessfully. If your aim is to mimic a local dialect, you will only need to make minoradjustments, which you will pick up over time by listening to locals. (Update (2021):Palestinian Arabic Verbs is now available.)The concept of this book has been modeled after two other Lingualism titles: EgyptianColloquial Arabic Verbs and The Big Fat Book of Egyptian Arabic Verbs. The former focuseson classifying verbs into patterns while the latter gives conjugation tables for the mostcommon verbs, along with example sentences. Levantine Arabic Verbs: ConjugationTables and Grammar does both, including tables of the most commonly used verbs indaily life and example sentences, as well as providing a system of verb classificationswhich allows you to conjugate any of the 750 verbs shown in the indexes.The materials in this book are largely based on surveys completed by native speakers ofLebanese Arabic. I found that individuals, even those in the same city (namely, Beirut),sometimes disagree on the vowels used in some verbs. In such cases, I chose the mostcommon, acceptable form. Keep this in mind, however, as you will hear variations amongnative speakers.The conjugation tables show perfect, imperfect, bi-imperfect, imperative, and activeparticiple forms of verbs. (These may also be known by other grammatical names, suchas past, subjunctive, present, command, and present participle.) The passive participle(past participle) and verbal noun (gerund, masdar) are not included in the tables as theyare used as adjectives and nouns, respectively, falling outside the scope of this book.I want to thank Aisha El Saleous, Ibrahim Sioufi, Hoda Hilal, Mona Noureddine, andNadine-Lama Choucaire for providing the many wonderful example sentences in thisbook, as well as editing and answering all of my questions to ensure a high level ofaccuracy and authenticity of the information. A special thanks to Nadine-Lama Choucairefor also recording the accompanying audio tracks.AudioVisit www.lingualism.com/lav, where you can find freeaccompanying audio to download or stream (at variableplayback rates)ii Levantine Arabic Verbs
How to Use This BookArabic verbs are traditionallygrouped into measures.Ü p. 115The most basic form ofan Arabic verb (the 3rdperson singular perfecttense form) is used toreference the verb, asthe infinitive is inEnglish.sampleTables appear inalphabetical order,numbered for easyreference. In theindexes, this table isreferenced as T-62.The personsappear in theleft column,written onlyin phonemictranscriptionso as not todistract fromthe verb written in Arabic.Ü p. 105A single, commontranslation of eachverb is given at the topof the table. Otherpossible translationsand meanings can befound in the examplesentences and indexes.Tenses andmoods headeach column.Study thegrammar section for theusage of each.Ü p. 107-115Notes highlight idiosyncrasies ofcertain verbs.Conjugatedverbs appearboth in Arabicscript andphonemictranscription.Ü p. v-viiiAudio trackswith the conjugated formsand examplesentences forall tables areavailable todownload forfree atwww.lingualism.com/lav.Example sentences demonstrate the verb being used invarious tenses, moods, and persons. Study the sentencesto better understand the range of meanings (andtranslations) and idiomatic usage of the verb.iii Levantine Arabic Verbs
Use the Index by Table Pattern to conjugate hundreds more common LevantineArabic verbs.sampleFirst, find the verb you would like to conjugate in the Arabic Index (Ü p. 133) orEnglish Index (Ü p. 144). Next to it, you will see an alphanumeric label. Forexample, if you look up ﺳﺒﺢ or swim, you will see 1s1 following the verb.Now, go to the Index by Table Pattern (Ü p. 118) and find group 1s1. (Notice that1s1 is shorthand for sound measure I, first subgroup. Ü p. 115-117).You can see ﺳﺒﺢ swim listed alphabetically in group 1s1. There is no conjugationtable for this particular verb, but all of the verbs belonging to group 1s1 share thesame conjugation pattern. Use any of the verbs that do have a table (marked T-)to model the conjugation of ﺳﺒﺢ .You can, for example, look up T-32 (table 32 on p. 32 for the verb دﻓﻊ pay) andsubstitute the three radicals (consonants) of this verb with those of ﺳﺒﺢ swim. Ifyou want to say they swim, find the equivalent of they pay in table 32 (the biimperfect hínni form): ﺑْ ِﻴ ْﺪﻓَﻌﻮا byídfa3u and transform it into ﺑْ ِﻴ ْﺴ َﺒﺤﻮا byísbaɧu.iv Levantine Arabic Verbs
PronunciationsampleLevantine Colloquial Arabic (LCA) is a spoken dialect with no official status or rulesof orthography. Native speakers tend to borrow spelling conventions fromModern Standard Arabic with some accommodations to account for LCApronunciation. Arabic script, however, is ill-suited to show the actualpronunciation of LCA, including word stress and sound changes that occur whenverbs are conjugated. Even if you are comfortable with Arabic script, it is advisedthat you pay close attention to the phonemic transcription (and audio tracks) todetermine a more precise pronunciation of verbs. IPA (International PhoneticAlphabet) symbols are found in [square brackets] in the descriptions below. Youmay find exceptions to the following rules, especially when it comes to wordsborrowed from other languages.ConsonantsThe following sounds are also found in English and should pose no difficulties:examplesb [ ب b] as in bedbána ( ﺑﻨﻰ build)d[d]asindog,butwiththetongue د dáris ( د ِرس study)̪touching the back of the upper teethf [ ف f] as in fourfātūra ( ﻓﺎﺗﻮرة bill)j [ ج j] as in pleasure and beigejísim ( ِﺟ ِﺴﻢ body)h [ ﻩ h] as in househājam ( ﻫﺎﺟﻢ attack)k [ ك k] as in kidákal ( اﻛﻞ eat)l [ ل l] a light l as in lovelíbis ( ِﻟ ِﺒﺲ get dressed)m [ م m] as in moonmāt ( ﻣﺎت die)n [ ن n] as in nicenísi ( ِﻧﴘ forget)p [ ب p] appears in some foreign borrowingsspōr ( ْﺳﺒﻮر sport)s [ س ث s] as in sunsíni ( ِﺳ ِﻨﺔ year)š [ ش ʃ] as in showšū ( ﺷﻮ what)t [ ت t]̪ as in tie, but with the tongue touchingtlāti ( ﺗ ْﻼ ِﺗﺔ three)the back of the upper teethmūvī ( ﻣﻮﰲ movie)v [ ف v] appears in some foreign borrowingswēn ( و ْﻳﻦ where)w [ و w] as in wordyíktub ( ِﻳ ْﻜ ُﺘﺐ he writes)y [ ي j] as in yeszār ( زار visit)z [ ز ذ z] as in zoov Levantine Arabic Verbs
1perfectimperfect ﺟ ﻴﺖ ﺟ ﻴﻨ ﺎ ﺟ ﻴﺖ ﺟ ﻴﺘﻲ ﺟﻴﺘﻮا إِﺟﺎ إِ ِﺟﺖ إِﺟﻮا jītánajīnaíjiníjibi-imperfect إِﺟﻲ ﻧِﺠﻲ ﺗِﺠﻲ ﺗِﺠﻲ ﺗِﺠﻮا bíji ِﻳﺠﻲ ﺗِﺠﻲ ِﻳﺠﻮا byíjimníji ِﺑﺠﻲ ْﻣ ِﻨﺠﻲ ﺑْ ِﺘﺠﻲ ﺑْ ِﺘﺠﻲ ﺑْ ِﺘﺠﻮا ﺑْ ِﻴﺠﻲ ﺑْ ِﺘﺠﻲ ﺑْ ِﻴﺠﻮا sampleníɧna ِإﺟﺎ to comeirregular defective measure iíntutá3u active participle ﺗ َﻌﺎ ﺗ َﻌﻲ ﺗ َﻌﻮا masculinejēyfemininejēyipluraljēyīn Only the third-person perfect forms begin with ِإ i-. The positive imperative is completely unrelated to the verb. The masculine active participle is also commonly pronounced ﺟﺎﻳﻲ jēyi. ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪا ﻓﺘﺢ ، ﺟﻴﺖ ﻟ ِﻌ ْﻨﺪك ودﻗّﻴْﺖ اﻟﺒﺎب I came to your house and knocked on the door, but no one answered. ﳌ ّﺎ ﺗِﺠﻲ ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ّﺴﻮق ِدﻗّﻴﲇ When you get back from shopping, call me. ؟ 8 ﺘﻰ ﺟﺎﻳ Mْ أ When are you are coming?. ﺸ ِﻬﺮ ّ ْ ﺑْ ِﺘﺠﻲ ﻟ ِﻌ ْﻨﺪي اﻟ ّﺸﻐﺎﻟِﺔ ﻣ ّﺮة ﺑﺎﻟ The cleaning lady comes to my houseonce a month. ْﻣ ِﻨ ْﻔﻄﺮ َﺳﻮا ، ﺼﺒُﺢ ﺗﻌﻮا َع ﺑُ ْﻜﺮا اﻟ ﱡ Come tomorrow morning and we’ll have breakfast together.1 Levantine Arabic Verbs ﺟ ﺎي ﺟﺎ ِﻳﺔ 8 ﺟ ﺎﻳ
2irregular measure Ito ʔaxáditíntiʔaxádtiíntuʔaxádtu أَ َﺧ ِﺪت أَ َﺧ ْﺪﻧﺎ أَ َﺧ ِﺪت أَ َﺧ ْﺪ أَ َﺧ ْﺪﺗﻮا أَ َﺧﺪ أَ َﺧ ِﺪت أَ َﺧﺪوا bi-imperfect آ ُﺧﺪ ﻧﺎ ُﺧﺪ ﺗﺎ ُﺧﺪ ﺗﺎ ْﺧﺪي ﺗﺎ ْﺧﺪوا ﻳﺎ ُﺧﺪ ﺗﺎ ُﺧﺪ ﻳﺎ ْﺧﺪوا ʔēxudnēxud ﺑﺎ ُﺧﺪ ْﻣﻨﺎ ُﺧﺪ ﺑْﺘﺎ ُﺧﺪ ﺑْﺘﺎ ْﺧﺪي ﺑْﺘﺎ ْﺧﺪوا ﺑْﻴﺎ ُﺧﺪ ﺑْﺘﺎ ُﺧﺪ ﺑْﻴﺎ ْﺧﺪوا bēxudmnēxudsampleána أَ َﺧﺪ ixídiíntuxídu btēxudbtēxdibtēxdubyēxudbtēxudbyēxduactive participle ُﺧﺪ ِﺧﺪي ِﺧﺪوا masculineʔēxid (mēxid)feminineʔēxdi (mēxdi)pluralʔēxdīn (mēxdīn)( آ ِﺧﺪ )ﻣﺎ ِﺧﺪ ( آ ْﺧ ِﺪة )ﻣﺎ ْﺧ ِﺪة ( آ ْﺧﺪﻳﻦ )ﻣﺎ ْﺧﺪﻳﻦ The imperfect forms have a long vowel, unlike regular measure I verbs. The active participle has a less common variant beginning with ﻣـ m-. أﻛﻞ ʔákal (T-4) is the twin of this irregular verb. ِﻣﻦ اﻟ ْﺨﺰاﻧِﺔ f أﺧ ِﺪت ِﻋﻠْ ِﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻛ I took the nail polish box out of the closet.ّْ ِﺧﺪوا ﺧﻴّْ ُﻜﻦ اﻟ . ﻋﺎﳌ ْﺪر ِﺳﺔ ﻣ ْﻌ ُﻜﻦ f ﺼﻐ Take your little brother with you to school. ﻣﺎ ﺑْﺘﺎ ُﺧﺪ وﻻ ﳾ ﺑْﺪون إ ِذن Don’t take anything without permission. ﻛﺎن آ ِﺧﺪ ﻣﻌﻮ ِﻋ ﱢﺪة ﺻﻴْﺪ He has taken a fishing kit with him. ِﺧﺪي ْﺣ ِﻤﲇ ﻣﻌﻲ اﻟِ ْﻐﺮاض Help me carry these bags.2 Levantine Arabic Verbs
28sound measure Ito íʂitíntixlíʂtiíntuxlíʂtuِ ِ ْﺧﻠ ﺼﺖ ﺼ ﻨﺎ ْ ِ ْﺧﻠ ِ ِ ْﺧﻠ ﺼﺖ ﺼ ﺘﻲ ْ ِ ْﺧﻠ ﺼﺘﻮا ْ ِ ْﺧﻠ ِﺧﻠِﺺ ِ ْ ِﺧﻠ ﺼﺖ ِﺧﻠْﺼﻮا íxlaʂníxlaʂ إِ ْﺧﻠَﺺ ﻧِ ْﺨﻠَﺺ ﺗِ ْﺨﻠَﺺ ﺗِﺨﻠَﴢ ﺗِﺨﻠَﺼﻮا ِﻳﺨﻠَﺺ ﺗِﺨﻠَﺺ ِﻳﺨﻠَﺼﻮا bi-imperfectbíxlaʂmníxlaʂ ِﺑ ْﺨﻠَﺺ ْﻣ ِﻨ ْﺨﻠَﺺ ﺑْ ِﺘ ْﺨﻠَﺺ ﺑْ ِﺘ ْﺨﻠَﴢ ﺑْ ِﺘ ْﺨﻠَﺼﻮا ﺑْ ِﻴ ْﺨﻠَﺺ ﺑْ ِﺘ ْﺨﻠَﺺ ﺑْ ِﻴ ْﺨﻠَﺼﻮا sampleána ِﺧ ِﻠﺺ perativeíntaxlāʂíntixláʂiíntuxláʂuactive participle ْﺧﻼص ْﺧﻠَﴢ ْﺧﻠَﺼﻮا masculinexāliʂfemininexālʂapluralxālʂīnِ ْ ِﺧﻠ . ﺸ ﻜﻞ ْ ﺼﺖ اﻟﺤ ْﻔﻠِﺔ ﺑْﺴﺒﺐ اﳌ The party stopped because the fight. ﻐ ﻠ ِﺔ ْ ﺑْﻬﺎﻟ ّﺸ f ْﺧﻠﴢ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺘّ ْﻔﻜ Stop thinking about that.ِ ﺑْ ِﻴ ْﺨﻠﺺ ﺣ ْﻜﻴﻮ ﻣ ، إذا ﺑْ ِﺘ ْﱰْﻛﻴﻪ . ﻌﻚ If you break up with him, he’ll stop talking to you.ِ ِ ِﺧﻠِﺺ اﳌ ِ ْﺸﻮار ﻷ ّن ﺗ . ﻌ ﺒ ْﻨ ﺎ The journey stopped because we were tired. ﴩب ْ ِﻣﻦ ﻛُ ِﺘـﺮ اﻟ ﱡ 8 ﻋﺔ ﺧﺎﻟْﺼ õ َﻫﻴْﺪول اﻟ ّﺠ These people are wasted from drinking too much.28 Levantine Arabic Verbs ﺧﺎﻟِﺺ ﺼﺔ َ ْ ﺧ ﺎﻟ 8 ﺧﺎﻟْﺼ
tušíftuto seeperfectimperfect ِﺷ ِﻔﺖ ِﺷ ْﻔﻨﺎ ِﺷ ِﻔﺖ ِﺷ ْﻔﺘﻲ ِﺷ ْﻔﺘﻮا šūfyšūfyšūfunšūf ﺷﻮف ﻧْﺸﻮف ﺗ ْﺸﻮف ﺗ ْﺸﻮﰲ ﺗ ْﺸﻮﻓﻮا ﻳْﺸﻮف ﺗ ْﺸﻮف ﻳْﺸﻮﻓﻮا ﺷﺎف bi-imperfectbšūfminšūf ﺑْﺸﻮف ِﻣ ْﻨﺸﻮف ِﺑﺘْﺸﻮف ِﺑﺘْﺸﻮﰲ ِﺑﺘْﺸﻮﻓﻮا ﺑﻴﺸﻮف ِﺑﺘْﺸﻮف ﺑﻴﺸﻮﻓﻮا sampleánahollow measure Ihíyyišēfit ﺷ ﺎف ﺷﺎ ِﻓﺖ hínnišēfu ﺷﺎﻓﻮا ašūfíntišūfiíntušūfuactive participle ﺷﻮف ﺷﻮﰲ ﺷﻮﻓﻮ masculinešēyiffemininešēyfipluralšēyfīn ﺷﺎ ِﻳﻒ ﺷﺎﻳْ ِﻔﺔ 8 ﺷﺎﻳْﻔ ِ ﻣﺎ ِﺷ ْﻔﻨﺎ . ﻫﺸﺎم ْﻣﺒﺎ ِرح We didn’t see Hisham yesterday.ِ ِﺑ ّﺪو ﻳْﺸﻮف ِﻣﻦ وﻳْﻦ ﻳْﺠﻴﺐ د ِﻋﻢ ﻟﻨ . ﴩ ِرواﻳْﺘﻮ He wants to see where he can get the funds to publish his novel. ﺠﺪﻳ ِﺪة؟ ّْ ﺘﻰ ﺑ ّْﺪﻛُﻦ ﺗ ْﺸﻮﻓﻮا اﻟ ﱢﺸ ّﻘﺔ اﻟ Mْ أ When do you want to see the new apartment? ﺑُ ْﻜﺮا ﺑْﺸﻮف إذا ﱢ . ﺪ ﻳﻦ ّ وز ْ¶ﻬﺮﺟﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﻴْﺖ اﻟ fْ ﰲ روح ع ﺣ ْﻔﻠِﺔ ﻓ Tomorrow, I’ll see if I'm going to go to a Fayrouz concert at the Beit Ed-Dine festival. ﺴﺘﺎن و ْﻋﻄﻴﻨﻲ رأْ ِﻳﻚ ْ ﺷﻮﰲ ﻫﺎﻟ ِﻔ Look at this dress and give me your opinion.48 Levantine Arabic Verbs
103perfectkēn fīniánaimperfect ﻛ ﺎن ﻓ ﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﺎن ِﻓﻴﻲ ﻛ ﺎن ﻓ ﻴﻨ ﺎ ﻛ ﺎن ﻓ ﻴﻚ µ ﻛ ﺎن ﻓ ﻴ ﻛﺎن ﻓﻴ ُﻜﻦ ﻛﺎن ِﻓﻴﻮ ﻛﺎن ِﻓﻴﺎ 8ُ ﻛﺎن ِﻓ ykūn fīniykūn fíyi ﻳْﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻨﻲ ﻳْﻜﻮن ِﻓﻴﻲ ﻳْﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻳْﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻚ µ ﻳْﻜﻮن ﻓﻴ ﻳْﻜﻮن ﻓﻴ ُﻜﻦ ﻳْﻜﻮن ِﻓﻴﻮ ﻳْﻜﻮن ِﻓﻴﺎ 8ُ ﻳْﻜﻮن ِﻓ presentfīnifíyi ﻓ ﻴﻨﻲ ِﻓﻴﻲ ﻓ ﻴﻨ ﺎ ﻓﻴﻚ µ ﻓ ﻴ ﻓﻴ ُﻜﻦ ِﻓﻴﻮ ِﻓﻴﺎ 8ُ ِﻓ samplekēn fíyi ﻛﺎن ِﻓﻴﻮ to be able toprepositional phrasekēn fīnaníɧnaíntakēn fīkíntikēn fīkiíntukēn fīkunhúwwikēn fíyuhíyyikēn fíyahínnikēn fíyun ykūn fīnaykūn fīkykūn fīkiykūn fīkunykūn fíyuykūn fíyaykūn fíyunfīnafīkfīkifīkunfíyufíyafíyun Notice that here are two ána forms, both of which are common. In prepositional phrases, the verb ﻛﺎن kēn is invariable, remaining in the thirdperson singular form. The present tense is expressed without using the bi-imperfect ﺑﻴﻜﻮن bikūn. Compare with ِﻗ ِﺪر ʔídir in T-73.ِ ﻛﺎن ِﻓﻴﻮ ِﻳﺘﱢ . ﺼﻞ ﻋﺎﳌ ْﻮﺑﺎﻳْﻞ He could have called by mobile phone. ﺗ ْﺠﻴﺒﻲ ﺑْﻄﺮﻳ ِﻘﻚ اﻟﻜ ْﻨ ِﺰة؟ µ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴ Can’t you bring the sweater with you? ﴪح؟ ْ ﻓﻴﻨﻲ ﻏ ّﻨﻲ ﻣﻌﻚ ﻋﺎﳌ Can I sing with you on stage?. ﻳْﺮﻛّْﺒﻮا ﺑﺎﻧِ ْﺮز ﻋﺎﻟﻄﱡ ْﺮﻗﺎت 8ُ ِﻓ They can put the banners on the streets. ﻣﺸﺎﻛِﻞ f ﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻧِ ْﻨﻬﻲ اﳌ َ ْﻮﺿﻮع ﻛِ ْﺮﻣﺎل ﻣﺎ ﻳْﺼ We could have put an end to the matterso that there wouldn’t be problems.104 Levantine Arabic Verbs
Personal PronounsIndependent PronounssampleLevantine Arabic has eight persons, which means there are eight pronouns andeight conjugations for each tense. The following table shows the eightindependent pronouns, that is, pronouns which are independent words, and notprefixes or hínni أَﻧﺎ ﻧِ ْﺤﻨﺎ ﺖ َ ْ إِﻧ إِﻧْﺘﻲ إِﻧْﺘﻮ ُﻫ ﱢﻮ ِﻫ ﱢﻲ ِﻫ ﱢﻦ EnglishIfirst-person masculine/feminine singularwefirst-person masculine/feminine dual/pluralyousecond-person masculine singularyousecond-person feminine singularyou (guys)second-person masculine/feminine dual/pluralhe; itthird-person masculine singularshe; itthird-person feminine singulartheythird-person masculine/feminine dual/plural Compared to Modern Standard Arabic, LevantineColloquial Arabic has four fewer pronouns, as thedual is absorbed into the plural, which is used forboth genders.LCA إِﻧْﺘﻮ ِﻫ ﱠﻦ MSAÑ أَﻧْ ُ ﱠ / ﻢ ْ ُ أَﻧْﺘ / õُ أَﻧْﺘ ُﻫ ﱠﻦ / ﻢ ْ ُﻫ / õ ُﻫ Ü You can hear the pronunciation of the independent pronouns on audio track76B (T-76B).Keep in mind that a conjugated verb contains a prefix and/or suffix whichspecifies the subject of the verb, so subject pronouns are not usually necessary.Independent pronouns are only used before conjugated verbs to emphasize thesubject. Compare the following:bɧíbbak.ána bɧíbbak. ْﺑ ِﺤ ّﺒﻚ ﻚ . أﻧﺎ ْﺑ ِﺤ ّﺒ I love you.I love you.105 Levantine Arabic Verbs
The imperfect follows the progressive particle ﻋﻢ 3am, equivalent to thepresent continuous tense of English. It refers to actions happening at the time ofspeaking, as well as those that are repetitive or ongoing. ؟ è ﻋﻦ ﺷﻮ ﻋﻢ ِﺗ ْﺤ What are you talking about?. ﴫ ّﻳﺎﺗﻮ ِ ﻋﲇ ﻋﻢ ْﻳﺠ ﱢﻤﻊ ﻣ Ali is saving up his money.sample3an šū 3am tíɧki?3áli 3am yjámmi3 maʂariyyātu. ﻋﻢ 3am need not be repeated in a string of verbs.3am túʈbux u tíɧɖar tilfizyõ.ْ ُ ﻋﻢ ﺗ She’s cooking and watching TV. ﻄ ُﺒﺦ و ِﺗ ْﺤﴬ ِﺗ ْﻠ ِﻔ ْﺰﻳﻮن The negative particle ﻣﺎ mā precedes ﻋﻢ 3am.mā 3am íɧɖar film. ﻣﺎ ﻋﻢ إ ْﺣﴬ ﻓﻴ ْﻠﻢ I’m not watching a movie. A negative imperative (command) is expressed by placing ﻣﺎ mā in front of asecond-person imperfect verb.mā tídʔar fíyyi.mā trūɧi la-wáɧdik la-hunēk. ﻣﺎ ِﺗ ْﺪﻗﺮ ِﻓﻴﻲ Don’t touch me.َِ. ﻣﺎ ﺗْﺮوﺣﻲ َﻟ َﻮ ْﺣﺪك ﻟ ُﻬﻨ ْﻴﻚ Don’t go there alone.An imperfect verb follows certain conjunctions of purpose* and time**.rāɧit 3a-lbáɧir ta-tísbaɧ.3am bídrus kirmēl mā -sʔuʈ.fátaɧ ššibbēk ʔábil mā ynēm.She went to the beach(in order) to swim. ﻋﻢ ِﺑ ْﺪ ُرس ِﻛ ْﺮﻣﺎل ﻣﺎ إﺳ ُﻘﻂ I’m studying so that I don’t fail.He opened the window before. ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟ ﱢﺸ ّﺒﺎك ﻗ ِﺒﻞ ﻣﺎ ْﻳﻨﺎم he went to bed. را ِﺣﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﺒ ِﺤﺮ ﺗَ ِﺘ ْﺴﺒﺢ * ﺗـ ta-, ﻟـ la-, ﺣﺘّﻰ ɧátta, ﻋﺸﺎن 3ašān, ِﻣ ْﻨﺸﺎن minšān, ِﻛ ْﺮﻣﺎل kirmēl ‘in order to’, ‘so that’** ﻗ ِﺒﻞ ﻣﺎ ʔábil mā ‘before’; ﺑ ِﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ bá3id mā ‘after’; ﺲ ّ ﺑ bass ‘when’The Bi-Imperfect TenseFormThe bi-imperfect is formed by prefixing ب to conjugations of the imperfect tense.If the imperfect prefix has a vowel, the bi-imperfect prefix takes a sukuun ( ْ novowel). If it has a sukuun, the bi-imperfect prefix takes a kasra ( ِ i). The níɧnaform takes ( م m) instead of ( ب b).110 Levantine Arabic Verbs
Indexessample750 verbs are listed in the indexes, by pattern, alphabetically in Arabic, and byEnglish translation. The pattern for each verb is designated by an alphanumericindicator (1s1, 8d, etc.) Verbs which have their own tables are shown in bold andtheir table numbers are preceded by T-.Index by Table PatternThe tables in this book show the conjugations for dozens of the most commonlyused verbs in Levantine Arabic, but, at the same time, the patterns in these tablescan be applied to other verbs with identical or nearly identical patterns, allowingyou to conjugate nearly any verb in the language. This index arranges verbs intogroups with common conjugation patterns.1s1T-42sound measure I ﺑﺤﺶ dig ﺳﺄل ask ﺳﺒﺢ swim ﺑﺨﻊ humiliate ﺳﺤﺐ withdraw ﺑﻌﺖ send; mail ﺳﻤﺢ allow, permit ﺑﻠﻊ swallow ﺷﺤﺪ beg (for money) ﺗﺒﻊ follow ﴍح explain ﺟﺮح wound, injure, hurt ﺷﻠﺢ undress; take off,remove ﺻﻨﻊ manufacture ﺟﻤﻊ add, add up; harvest ﺣﺼﻞ obtain ﻋﲆ ﺿﻬﺮ leave; go out ﺧﺪع deceive ﻃﺒﻊ print ﺧﻠﻊ snatch ﻃﺤﻦ grind دﻋﺲ step ﻃﺮح subtract دﻋﺲ tread on ﻋﲆ T-32 دﻓﻊ payT-33 دﻗﺮ touch ﻇﻬﺮ appearT-66 ﻓﺘﺢ open ﻓﺤﺺ examine دﻫﻦ paint ﻓﻘﺲ click on ﻋﲆ رﻓﻊ raise زﺣﻂ slip زرع plant (a seed), grow(a plant) زﻋﺐ kick; speak harshlyT-71118 Levantine Arabic Verbs ﻓﻠﺢ plow (field); workhard ﻗﺒﺾ earn ﻗﻨﻊ convince
ﺗْﻔ ْﺮﻛﺶ trip (intr.)Fforeign borrowings ﻳْﺪا ْوﻧْ ِﻠﺪ ، دا ْوﻧْﻠﻮد download ﺗْﻠ ْﺨﺒﻂ be confused; getmixed up; err, makea mistake ﻳْﺴﺎ ِﻳﻒ ، ﺳﺎﻳْﻒ savesampleT-15Arabic – English Index أﺛ ّﺮ affect; influence 2s إﺟﺎ come (irr.) T-1 أ ّﺟﺮ rent ( ﻟـ to) 2s أ ّﺟﻞ postpone 2s أﺧﺪ take (irr.) T-2 أ ّﺧﺮ delay (tr.) 2s أ ّدب discipline 2s أ ّدن call to prayer 2s أ ّدى perform, carry out ْﯾ َؤد ّي 2d أ ّﺳﺲ found, establish 2s ﺻﺪر ْ أ publish 4s أ ْﻋﻠﻦ announce, declare 4s T-3 أ ّﻛﺪ confirm, check, verify, assure 2s أﻛﻞ eat (irr.) T-4 أﻟّﻒ compose 2s أﻣﺮ instruct; give an order, command1s3 T-5 آﻣﻦ believe (in ) ِﺑـ 3s أﻧْﻜﺮ deny 4s أ ّﻫﻞ train, qualify, welcome 2s ﺑﺎدر initiate 3s ﺑﺎدل reciprocate 3s ﺑﺎرك bless 3s ﺑﺎس kiss 1h2 ﺑﺎض lay (an egg) 1h1 ﺑﺎع sell 1h1 T-6 ﺑْﺘﺴﻢ smile 8s ﺑﺤﺶ dig 1s1 ﺑ ْﺤﻠﻖ stare, gaze 11s ﺑ ّﺦ spray 1g1 ﺑ ْﺨﺸﺶ tip (give a gratuity) 11s ﺑﺨﻊ humiliate (cause to lose face) 1s1 ِﺑ ِﺨﻞ become stingy 1s5 ﺑ ْﺨﻮش puncture 11s ﺑ ّﺪل replace 2s ﺑﺮد file (down) 1s2 ﺑﺮد get cold 1s2 ﺑﺮز become clear 1s2 ﺑﺮش grate 1s2 ﺑ ْﺮﻃﻞ bribe 11s ﺑﺮم turn (around); visit, roam 1s2 T-7 ﺑ ْﺮﻫﻦ prove 11s ﺑﺮى sharpen a pencil 1d1 ﺑﺰق spit 1s2 ﺑﺴﻂ display; spread out 1s3 ﴩ ّ ﺑ preach (about ) ِﺑـ 2s ﺼﺒﺺ ْ ﺑ peep 11s ﺑﻄّﻞ quit 2s ﺑﻌﺖ send; mail 1s1 ِﺑ ِﻌﺪ become far 1s6 ِﺑﻘﻲ become; stay; remain 1d3 T-8 ﺑ ّﻜﻞ button, fasten, buckle 2sè ِﺑ cry 1d4 ﺑ ّﻞ wet, dampen 1g1 ﺑ ّﻠﺶ begin, start 2s T-9 ﺑﻠﻊ swallow 1s1133 Levantine Arabic Verbs
English – Arabic Indexapply (to) ( ﻗ ّﺪم )ﻋﲆ 2sappoint ّ ﻋ 2sappreciate ﻗ ّﺪر 2sapprove of واﻓﻖ 3sare à beargue (with each other) ﺗْﺨﺎﻧﻖ 6s; arguewith ﺧﺎﻧﻖ 3s; argue (about) ( ﺟﺎدل )ﻋﲆ 3sarrange رﺗّﺐ 2sarrest ْﻋﺘﻘﻞ 8s; ﻗﺒﺾ ﻋﲆ 1s3arrested: get ﻧْﻘﺒﺾ 7sarrive ُو ِﺻﻞ 1s9 T-92ascend ِﻃ ِﻠﻊ 1s5 T-58ask ﺳﺄل 1s1 T-42assault ﻫﺎﺟﻢ 3s; ْﻋﺘﺪى 8dassist ﺳﺎﻋﺪ 3s T-41assume ﻓﺮض 1s3assure أ ّﻛﺪ 2sattack ْﻋﺘﺪى ﻋﲆ 8dattack ﻫﺠﻢ 1s2; ﻫﺎﺟﻢ 3sattempt ﺣﺎ َول 3s T-19ِ ِﺣ 1s5 T-24attend ﴬ attract ﺟﺬب 1s2; ﺷ ّﺪ 1g1avoid ﺗْﻔﺎدى 6d T-14; ﺗْﺠ ّﻨﺐ 5sbad: go (spoil) ﻧْﺘﺰع 7s;bake ﺧﺒﺰ 1s2bandage ﺼﺐ ّ ﻋ 2sbaptize ﻋ ّﻤﺪ 2sbargain ﺳﺎوم 3sbark ﻋ ّﻮى 2dbath: take a ﺗْﺤ ّﻤﻢ 5sbe ﻛﺎن 1h2 T-76bear ﺗْﺤ ّﻤﻞ 5sbeat ﻏﻠﺐ 1s2; ﴐب 1s2; د ّق 1g1become ِﺑﻘﻲ 1d3 T-8; ﺻﺎر 1h1 T-53beg (for money) ﺷﺤﺪ 1s1sampleabandon ﻫﺠﺮ 1s3abduct ﺧﻄﻒ 1s3able to: be ِﻗ ِﺪر 1s5 T-73; ﻛﺎن ِﻓﻴﻮ T-103ablution: perform ﴇ ّ ﺗْﻮ 5daccept ِﻗ ِﺒﻞ 1s5accompany راﻓﻖ 3saccomplish ﺧﻠّﺺ 2saccuse ﺗﻬﻢ 1s2accustomed: become to ﺗْﻌ ّﻮد 5sachieve ﺣ ّﻘﻖ 2sacquainted: be with ﺗْﻌ ّﺮف 5sacquire ﻛﺴﺐ 1s1act ﻣﺜّﻞ 2sadd ﺿﺎف 1h1; زاد 1h1; add up ﺟﻤﻊ 1s1adjust زﺑّﻂ 2sadmit (to) ﻓ ّﻮت 2s; ْﻋﱰف 8sadopt ﺗْﺒ ّﻨﻰ 5dadvise ﻧﺼﺢ 1s1affect أﺛ ّﺮ 2safflict ﺻﺎب 1h1afraid: be of ﺧﺎف 1h3age Qْ ﺧﺘ 11s; ﻋ ّﺠﺰ 2sagree ِﻗ ِﺒﻞ 1s5; agree (with) ( ﺗّﻔﻖ )ﻣﻊ 8sallow ﺳﻤﺢ 1s1; ﺧ ّﲆ 2d T-30am à beanger ز ّﻋﻞ 2sangry: become ﺼﺐ ّ ﻋ 2s; ِز ِﻋﻞ 1s5announce أ ْﻋﻠﻦ 4s T-3annoy ﺿﺎﻳﻖ 3sannoyed: become ﻧ ْﺮﻓﺰ 11sanswer ﺟﺎوب 3s; ر ّد ﻋﲆ 1g1anxious: be ِﻗ ِﻠﻖ 1s5apologize (to for) ( ﻋﲆ . ْﻋﺘﺬر )ﻟـ 8sappeal to ﻋﺠﺐ 1s2appear ﻇﻬﺮ 1s1applaud زﻗّﻒ 2s144 Levantine Arabic Verbs
Colloquial Arabic Verbs and The Big Fat Book of Egyptian Arabic Verbs. The former focuses on classifying verbs into patterns while the latter gives conjugation tables for the most common verbs, along with example sentences. Levantine Arabic Verbs: Conjugation Tables and Grammar does both, including tables of the most commonly used verbs in
Levantine dataset, we manually reduced the non-Levantine tweets. In addition, we filtered out the non-Arabic, non-textual, promoted and dupli-cated instances. Thus, we ended up with 6,000 tweets, written in the Levantine dialect (Syrian and Lebanese). In order to prepare the collected tweet
metalanguage: rt-04 arabic telephone speech transcription conventions brief overview of levantine arabic transcription guidelines our focus will be on the arabic dialectal transcription rationale, the technological goals of the project, the annotation tool structure and the levantine conversational arabic transcription guidelines
Lesson 13 Day 2 – Linking Verbs Lesson 13 Day 3 – Action Verbs and Linking Verbs LESSON 14: HELPING VERBS Lesson 14 Day 1 – Helping Verbs Lesson 14 Day 2 – Helping Verbs *Assessment 5 (Lesson 12-14) LESSON 15: ADVERBS THAT MODIFY VERBS Lesson 15 Day 1 – Adverbs That Modify Verbs Lesson 15
Arabic Verbs Made Easy with Effort Ghalib Al-Hakkak . You may notice that the recordings give you two ways to pronounce every verb. In elementary school students are used to learning the formal academic way, whereas in common speech the final vowel disappears in the present tense. In each recording you will find two readings, one “academic .File Size: 2MBPage Count: 41Explore furtherArabic verb conjugation: past, present, participle .conjugator.reverso.net201 Arabic verbs fully conjugated al3arabiya.orgal3arabiya.orgArabic: An Essential Grammarislam-and-muslims.comArabic Grammar PDF Basic Arabic Grammar - Learn Islamwww.quranmualim.comFUNDAMENTALS OF CLASSICAL ARABIC - Sacred Learningwww.sacredlearning.orgRecommended to you b
113 70 0645 arabic letter meem 114 71 06ba arabic letter dotless noon 115 72 0646 arabic letter noon 116 73 0648 arabic letter waw 117 74 0624 arabic letter hamzah on waw . 121 78 0649 arabic letter alef maqsurah 122 79 06d2 arabic letter ya barree 123 7a 06be arabic letter knotted ha 124 7b a
ﺑﺮﻌﻟا The Beginner's Guide to Arabic GUIDE TO STUDYING ARABIC 2 WHY STUDY ARABIC 2 HOW TO STUDY ARABIC 3 WHERE TO STUDY ARABIC 4 WHAT YOU NEED BEFORE YOU START 4 THE ARABIC ALPHABET 5 INTRODUCTION TO THE ALPHABET 5 THE LETTERS 6 THE VOWELS 11 SOME BASIC VOCABULARY 13 RESOURCES FOR LEARNING ARABIC 17 ONLINE 17 RECOMMENDED BOOKS 18 OUR NEWSLETTERS 19 by Mohtanick Jamil . Guide to .
It is, however, essential to understand not only the grammar and vocabulary of the Arabic of this area but also the underlying attitudes and assumptions. Perhaps the greatest difference between the Levantine approach . 1 Arabic is a Semitic lang
In the midst of Michel’s awakening to the sensuous, sensual existence, to the Dionysian world in nature and himself, he observes: [Marceline] led the way along a path so odd that I have never in any country seen its like. It meanders indolently between two fairly high mud walls; the shape of the gardens they enclose directs it leisurely course; sometimes it winds; sometimes it is broken; a .
