Summary Sheet Year 8 Metals And Non-metals
Summary Sheet Year 8 Metals and non-metals:The periodic tableThe periodic table arranges the elements so that elements with similar properties are in the samevertical group. The periodic table also allows us to spot trends and patterns.Metals and non-metalsThe common properties of most metals are:The common properties of most non-metals are: high melting and boiling points low melting point and boiling points solids at room temperature many are gases at room temperature strong and flexible brittle (when solid) shiny (when polished) dull (not shiny) good conductors of heat and electricity poor conductors of heat and electricity. malleable (can be bent and shaped) ductile (can be stretched into wires) sonorous (make a ringing noise when hit)
Summary Sheet Year 8 Metals and non-metals:Uses of metalsMetals have many uses depending on their different properties.For example, copper is used in electrical wires as it is ductile and agood conductor of electricity. It is also used for roof sheets and waterpipes as it is malleable and doesn’t react with water.AlloysAlloys are mixtures of metals with one or more other elements. Alloys have different propertiesfrom the pure metal and so can be more useful.For example, steel, an alloy of iron, is stronger and does not rust as quickly.Pure metals have a fixed, precise melting point where asalloys have a lower melting point and melt over a range oftemperatures. Melting points can therefore be used toidentify pure metals.Alloys are usually also harder than pure metals becausethe different sized atoms disrupt the regular structuremaking it harder for the layers of atoms to slip over eachother.The properties of a substance are what it looks like or what it does. There are two types ofproperties: chemical properties (e.g. flammability, pH, reaction with acid) physical properties (e.g. melting point, boiling point, density).Metal and non-metal oxidesMany elements burn in air/oxygen to form oxides; e.g.: calcium oxygen calcium oxide carbon oxygen carbon dioxide metal oxides tend to form alkaline solutions. non-metal oxides tend to form acidic solutions.The chemical properties of metalsThe chemical properties of metals refers to their reactions with other substances.For example, metals can react with many non-metals:e.g. calcium chlorine calcium chloride(Note: When naming a compound the ending of the non-metal is changed to ide)Metals can also react with air (oxygen), water and acids. Some metals react very quickly; they arereactive. Calcium is a reactive metal. Other metals do not react quickly; they are unreactive.Gold is a very unreactive metal.
Summary Sheet Year 8 Metals and non-metals:Metals as catalystsSome metals act as catalysts. These are substances that speed up chemical reactions withoutbeing used up themselves. Catalysts have many uses, for example, platinum is used in catalyticconverters in cars.Oxidation of metalsThe reaction of metals with oxygen forms metal oxides:metal oxygen metal oxidee.g. word equation: calcium oxygen calcium oxideThis is called an oxidation reaction.Some metals like sodium react quickly with water and oxidise immediately when scratched. Othermetals do not react easily, for example silver changes colour very slowly as it reacts with oxygen.Rusting of Iron (Corrosion)Corrosion is the weakening of a metallic structure caused by a reaction of the metal with oxygen.The corrosion of iron is called rusting. It destroys iron and steel structures because rust is weakand crumbly. Water and oxygen must be present for iron to rust.iron water oxygen iron hydroxideSteel is an alloy containing iron mixed with small amounts of carbon and sometimes other metals.Iron and steel need air and water to rust. Salt makes them rust more quickly than usual.Rusting can be prevented by: a physical barrier to stop the air and water being in contact with the iron. Coating the ironwith paint, plastic, etc. acts as a barrier to oxygen and water and stops iron rusting. sacrificial protection, in which blocks of a more reactive metal, such as zinc ormagnesium, are attached to the iron. They then corrode instead of the iron.Galvanising is coating the metal in zinc. The zinc acts like a physical barrier, but is also morereactive than the iron beneath so also protects the iron by sacrificial protection.
Summary Sheet Year 8 Metals and non-metals:Metals and waterSome metals can react with cold water.All the metals that react with water form a metal hydroxide (an alkaline solution) and hydrogen gas.metal water metal hydroxide hydrogenThe test for hydrogen gas is that when lit with a splint, it burns with a ‘squeaky pop’.Again, the equations can be written using words or symbols:sodium water sodium hydroxide hydrogen 2 H2O 2 Na2 NaOH H2Metals and acidsThe metals that react with water react very quickly with acids. Some metals that don’t react withwater do react with acids.When metals react with acids, they produce hydrogen and a salt.metal acid salt hydrogenThe name of the salt formed depends on the name of the acid: hydrochloric acid chlorides sulfuric acid sulfates nitric acid nitratesAgain, the equations can be written using words or symbols:magnesium sulfuric acid magnesium sulfate hydrogenMgOther examples:zinc H2SO4 MgSO4 H2hydrochloric acid zinc chloride hydrogencalcium nitric acid calcium nitrate hydrogen
Summary Sheet Year 8 Metals and non-metals:Reactivity SeriesThe reactions of metals with oxygen, water and acids allows us to put the metals in order ofreactivity:Potassium, KSodium, NaLithium, LiCalcium, CaMagnesium, MgAluminium, AlZinc, ZnIron, FeTin, SnLead, PbCopper, CuMercury, HgSilver, AgGold, AuPlatinum, PtIncreasingreactivityThe reactivity of metals can be linked to their uses. For example, metals used for building need tohave a low reactivity, otherwise they will corrode away.Displacement ReactionsIn a displacement reaction a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive metal in acompound.However:copper magnesium sulfate copper magnesium sulfate (ie. no reaction)The copper is less reactive than the magnesium so is unable to displace it
For example, metals can react with many non-metals: e.g. calcium chlorine calcium chloride (Note: When naming a compound the ending of the non-metal is changed to ide) Metals can also react with air (oxygen), water and acids. Some metals
Metals vs. Non-Metals; Dot Diagrams; Ions Metals versus Non-Metals Dot Diagrams Metals are on the left side. Non-metals on the right. Metals tend to lose electrons. Non-metals gain them tight. Dot Diagrams (sometimes known as Lewis dot diagrams) are a depiction of an atom’s valence elect
Metals and Non-metals CHAPTER3 In Class IX you have learnt about various elements.You have seen that elements can be classified as metals or non-metals on the basis of their properties. n Think of some uses of metals and non-metals in your daily life. n What properties did you think of while categorising elements a
Metals Metals make up the largest class of chemical elements in the Periodic Table. Approximately three quarters of elements are metals. Most metals are silvery in colour, have a characteristic lustre, and are solid (rather than liquid or gaseous). Most metals are also
Table of Contents 1199 19.3: Mixed Groups 19.1: Metals 19.2: Nonmetals Properties of Metals In the periodic table, metals are elements found to the left of the stair-step line. 19.1 Metals Properties of Metals Metals usually have common properties they are good conductors of he
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SOME PROPERTIES OF METALS, NONMETALS AND SEMI-METALS - Worksheet - Metals, non-metals and semi-metals Question 1 Read each question and make a circle around the letter A, B, C, or D that is the correct answer. 1.1 Which of these i
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