O-Rings And Back-up Rings - Papadopoulos SA
T r el l ebo rg S E A L I N G S O LU T I O N SO-Rings andBack-up Ringsyou r pa r tne r f o r sea l ing T ec h no logy
Your Partner for Sealing TechnologyTrelleborg Sealing Solutions is a major international developer,manufacturer and supplier of seals, bearings and moldedcomponents in polymers. We are uniquely placed to offerdedicated design and development from our market-leadingproduct and material portfolio: a one-stop-shop providing thebest in elastomer, silicone, thermoplastic, PTFE and compositetechnologies for applications in aerospace, industrial andautomotive industries.With 50 years of experience, Trelleborg Sealing Solutions engineerssupport customers with design, prototyping, production, test andinstallation using state-of-the-art design tools. An internationalnetwork of over 70 facilities worldwide includes over 20 manufacturing sites, strategically-positioned research and developmentcenters, including materials and development laboratories andlocations specializing in design and applications.proprietary compounds and a range of unique products.Trelleborg Sealing Solutions fulfills challenging servicerequirements, supplying standard parts in volume or a singlecustom-manufactured component, through our integratedlogistical support, which effectively delivers over 40,000 sealingproducts to customers worldwide.Facilities are certified to ISO 9001:2008 and ISO/TS 16949:2009.Trelleborg Sealing Solutions is backed by the experienceand resources of Trelleborg Group, one of the world’s foremostexperts in polymer technology.ISO 9001:2008ISO/TS 16949:2009Developing and formulating materials in-house, we utilizethe resource of our material database, including over 2,000The information in this brochure is intended to be for general reference purposes only and is not intended to be a specific recommendation for any individual application.The application limits for pressure, temperature, speed and media given are maximum values determined in laboratory conditions. In application, due to the interaction of operatingparameters, maximum values may not be achieved. It is vital therefore, that customers satisfy themselves as to the suitability of product and material for each of their individualapplications. Any reliance on information is therefore at the user‘s own risk. In no event will Trelleborg Sealing Solutions be liable for any loss, damage, claim or expense directlyor indirectly arising or resulting from the use of any information provided in this brochure. While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of information contained herewith,Trelleborg Sealing Solutions cannot warrant the accuracy or completeness of information.To obtain the best recommendation for a specific application, please contact your local Trelleborg Sealing Solutions marketing company.This edition supersedes all previous brochures. This brochure or any part of it may not be reproduced without permission. All trademarks are the property of Trelleborg Group. The turquoise color is a registered trademark of Trelleborg Group. 2016, Trelleborg Group. All rights reserved.
ContentContents5Introduction19O-Rings21A General Information21A.1 Description21A.2 Applications22A.3 Method of operation54C Quality Criteria and ProductRange5454545565C.1 Quality criteriaC.1.1 Standard qualityC.1.2 Flatness and roundnessC.1.3 Dimension tolerancesC.1.4 Surface quality acceptance criteria707092C.2 Product RangeC.2.1 O-Ring dimensions in accordance withISO 3601-1 and AS 568C.2.2 O-Ring dimensions in accordance withSwedish standard SMS 1586C.2.3 O-Ring dimensions in accordance withJapanese standard JIS B 2401C.2.4 O-Ring dimensions for straight threadtube fittings in accordance withAS 568C.2.5 O-Ring dimensions for metric threadwith conical recess in accordance withISO 6149C.2.6 Preferred metric O-Ring dimensions99C.3 O-Ring Seal Sets8023B Technical Information23232528B.1 MaterialsB.1.1 ElastomersB.1.2 Application parameters of elastomersB.1.3 Characteristics and inspection ofelastomersB.1.4 Special requirements - authorities andapprovalsB.1.5 Standard materials31333939404243454546B.2 Installation and DesignRecommendationsB.2.1 Installation recommendationsB.2.2 Methods of installation and design ofseal housingB.2.3 Elongation - outside diameterinterferenceB.2.4 Initial compressionB.2.5 Groove fillB.2.6 General technical dataB.2.7 Housing design and dimensionsLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016O-Ring-metrisch 2015.indb 3849091TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS 323.11.2016 14:55:48
O-RINGS AND BACK-UP RINGS101D Special O-Rings101D.1 Isolast (FFKM) O-Rings101D.2 FEP/PFA encapsulated O-Rings106D.3 PTFE O-Rings108D.4 Polyurethane O-Rings111D.5 Fleximold O-Rings - large dimensions112D.6 Round cord rings (butt vulcanized)113D.7 O-Ring surface finishing123H Installation Recommendationsand Back-up Ring Dimensions123H.1 External sealing (Piston), static anddynamic applicationsH.1.1 Rectangular Back-up Ring types, uncut(BV) and cut (BH), material PTFEH.1.2 Concave Back-up Ring types, uncut(BA) and cut (BD), material PTFEH.1.3 Spiral Back-up Ring types (BP),material PTFE123131139147115Back-up Rings117E General Information147155163118F Back-up Ring Types118F.1 Overview119F.2 Back-up Ring types for external sealing(Piston)120F.3 Back-up Ring types for internal sealing(Rod)121G Technical Information121G.1 Materials121G.2 Technical Data122G.3 Design Recommendations4 TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONSO-Ring-metrisch 2015.indb 4171H.2 Internal Sealing (Rod), Static andDynamic ApplicationsH.2.1 Rectangular Back-up Ring types, uncut(BU) and cut (BG), material PTFEH.2.2 Concave Back-up Ring types, uncut(BB) and cut (BC), material PTFEH.2.3 Spiral Back-up Ring types (BP),material PTFE171H.3 External (Piston) and Internal (Rod)Sealing, Static Applications onlyH.3.1 Concave Back-up Ring type (BB),material NBR and FKM for O-Rings inaccordance with ISO 3601-1 / AS 568191General Quality Criteria and StorageGuidelines193I General Quality Criteria193J Guidelines for the Storage ofPolymer Products Based onISO 2230196IndexLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 201623.11.2016 14:55:48
IntroductionIntroductionLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS 5
I N T RO du c tionYour Partner forSealing Technology“We build long term partnerships with customers and suppliersby providing leading technology and excellent service.”Our MissionWe will be the supply partner of first choice within our chosenmarkets, working globally through our local teams. We willbuild long-term partnerships with customers and suppliersby providing leading technology and excellent service.We are determined to be different.Sealing technologyTrelleborg Sealing Solutions offers an outstandinglycomprehensive sealing portfolio – a one-stop-shop providingthe best in elastomer, silicone, thermoplastic, PTFE andcomposite technologies; our solutions are featured in virtuallyevery application conceivable within the aerospace, industrialand automotive industries.A worldwide presence Over 80 facilities worldwide More than 20 manufacturing sites Seven strategically positioned materialand development laboratories Internationally linked design andapplication centersCommitment – To customers’needs long-termThe aim of Trelleborg Sealing Solutions is to facilitate customersin achieving cost-effective, durable solutions that match theirspecific business requirements and needs. We are one of theworld's foremost experts in polymer sealing technology.We develop, manufacture and supply safety-critical polymerbased precision seals, bearings and molded components.We are uniquely placed to offer a dedicated design anddevelopment service for sealing solutions, globally servicing,supporting and supplying our customers through an unrivaledinternational network.6 TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONSLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016
Product Range Industrial SealingThe Trelleborg GroupTrelleborg Coated SystemsLeading global supplier of uniquecustomer solutions for polymercoated fabrics deployed in avariety of industrial applications.Trelleborg Industrial SolutionsMarket leader in such industrialapplication areas as hosesystems, industrial antivibrationsolutions and selected industrialsealing systems.Trelleborg Offshore &ConstructionLeading global supplier ofpolymer-based critical solutionsfor deployment in highlydemanding environments.Trelleborg Wheel SystemsTrelleborg Wheel Systems isa leading global supplier oftires and complete wheelsfor agricultural and forestrymachines, materials handlingand construction vehicles, andtwo-wheeled vehicles.Trelleborg Sealing SolutionsOne of the world’s leading developers,manufacturers and suppliers of precisionseals. It supports its aerospace, industrialand automotive customers through over20 production facilities and more than50 marketing companies globally.Trelleborg Sealing Solutions Key IndustriesAerospaceAutomotiveMachine Tools &Fluid PowerAgriculture andConstruction VehiclesFood & Beverage,Chemical ProcessingLife Sciences andPharmaceuticalOil & GasMiningAlternative EnergyMarineSanitary and HeatingSemiconductorLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS 7
I N T RO du c tionOurGlobal ResourcesAmericas1 R & D Center14 Marketing Companies1 Logistics Center SCM9 Manufacturing SitesDamping Solutions2 Automotive Hubs4 Aerospace Hubs9 Research & Development Centers53 Marketing Companies4 Logistics Centers26 Manufacturing SitesDamping Solutions5 Automotive Hubs8 Aerospace Hubs8 TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONSLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016
Product Range Industrial Sealing5,300employees82worldwidelocationsMore than2,000proprietary materialformulationsHow local is yourglobal seal supplier?www.global-but-local.comEurope7 R & D Centers22 Marketing Companies1 Logistics Center SCM15 Manufacturing SitesDamping SolutionsAsia1 R & D Center17 Marketing Companies2 Logistics Centers SCM2 Manufacturing SitesDamping Solutions1 Automotive Hub2 Automotive Hubs2 Aerospace Hubs2 Aerospace HubsLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS 9
I N T RO du c tionProducts, Brandsand MaterialsDecades of experience designing and manufacturing polymer solutions has led Trelleborg Sealing Solutions to develop,manufacture and supply a range of unique materials and proprietary product designs, many of which have becomeindustry standards. Development is ongoing, ensuring that our solutions meet the changing needs of our customers,as well as the latest industry trends and regulations.World renowned names unitedOur pioneering productsWe own many of the longest established and leadingnames within the seal industry. These include:Trelleborg Sealing Solutions is pioneering and is continuouslydeveloping innovative products. American VarisealBusak ShambanDowty SealsChase WaltonForshedaGNLImperviaNordexOrkotPalmer Chenard PolypacSSFSF MedicalShambanSilcofabSilcotechSkegaStefaWills Turcon AQ Seal D-A-S Compact Seal Turcon Double Delta Turcon Excluder Turcon Glyd Ring TTurcon HatsealZurcon L-Cup Turcite Slydring Turcite B-Slydway Turcon Stepseal 2KTurcon Stepseal VV-Ring Turcon Varilip PDRTurcon Variseal Turcon VL Seal Turcon Wedgpak Wills Rings Zurcon WynsealProprietary materialsOngoing development has yielded some of the mostsuccessful sealing and bearing materials available. HiMod Isolast Orkot Turcite Turcon Turel Zurcon To design a solution for your specific needs, contact yourlocal Trelleborg Sealing Solutions marketing company.10 TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONSLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016
Product Range Industrial SealingLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS 11
I N T RO du c tionFilmsand AnimationsSeeing is BelievingComplex sealing configurations can feature a large number of sealing elements. Trying to illustratethese on a 2-D page is difficult and can never properly show their function or characteristics.Trelleborg Sealing Solutions turned to the latest graphic technologies to produce 3-D animationsof applications and typical sealing solutions for them.View atYouTube.com/trelleborgsealsView attss.trelleborg.com/filmsOnline 24-7A range of films specific to different industriesand products are available to view on theTrelleborg Sealing Solutions website or via YouTube.12 TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONSLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016
Product Range Industrial SealingLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS 13
I N T RO du c tionDigitalServicesOnline tools make life easierTrelleborg Sealing Solutions has developed a number of online tools that make the workinglife of an engineer specifying seals easier. All these industry-leading tools are availablefree-of-charge from the Trelleborg Sealing Solutions website at www.tss.trelleborg.com.To use these advanced services all you have to do is register on the Members Area.There is also a continually increasing range of innovative engineering apps available forsmartphones, both for iOS and Android devices. Just search for "Trelleborg"in the App Store or GooglePlay to find the tools to optimize your daily productivity.These two programs allow you to findout the compatibility of sealing materialsto hundreds of different media and helpidentify the most suitable material foryour application. Very good suitabilityGood suitability– Materials Search andChemical Compatibility Check?Limited suitabilityUnsuitableInsufficient informationO-Ring CalculatorAn industry-leading tool, the easy touse O-Ring calculator includes sizingcapabilities, compression forces, designparameter recommendations and completemeasurements.Results and comments maybe printed, shared or filed as PDF.14 TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONSLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016
Product Range Industrial SealingVersatile CAD ServiceThe CAD download facility providesthousands of drawings of a wide rangeof seals. It gives the option of 2- or3-dimensional files in a range offormats to suit most commonlyused CAD systems.Sealing Solutions ConfiguratorThe Sealing Solutions Configurator is the first toolof its kind offered by any seal supplier. It allowsengineers to identify a proven sealing solution fortheir specific application in just four easy steps.Powerful Electronic CatalogSearch through over 100,000 seals by item numberor their properties and access comprehensive anddetailed information plus an interactive quote facility.E-Learning on sealingtechnologyTrelleborg Sealing Solutions hasa number of e-Learning modulesavailable on several aspects ofsealing technology.Latest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016For more informationwww.tss.trelleborg.comTRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS 15
I N T RO du c tionMobile Appsand ServicesWe understand the needs of engineers on the go. Check out our latest mobile tools and apps,ranging from an O-Ring calculator to unit and hardness converters. Just search for "Trelleborg"in the App Store or Google Play to find the tools to optimize your daily productivity.ISO Fits &Tolerances AppTechnicalGlossary AppAerospace GrooveSelector AppInstallationInstructions AppUnit & HardnessConverter AppSimply enter the nominalThis app provides definitionsof more than 2,000 termsfrom the world of sealingtechnology and engineering.This app covers two ofthe most important SAEaerospace groove standardsfor hydraulic systems,AS4716 Rev B and AS5857Rev A, making it really easyto find the size of groovesand hardware needed.Videos demonstrate thebest practice methods forinstalling seals, providingall relevant documentationwithin the interface,guiding you to a successfulinstallation of Radial OilSeals and Turcon andZurcon rod and pistonseals.Intuitive and very easy to use,simply select the dimensionand enter the value forconversion. The app offersa wide range of engineeringand scientific units for eachdimension.diameter and select thetolerance classes for boreand shaft to find the completeISO fits definition with allrelevant values including typeof fit, with handy graphs toillustrate the classes by boreand shaft.16 TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONSLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016
Product Range Industrial SealingFor more informationwww.tss.trelleborg.comAndroid App onGoogle PlayManymore APPSavailablein the groove appOur in the groove magazineprovides news, technical andproduct information on seals,as well as insights into themarkets they are used in. Themagazine is also available inprint and as an interactive PDF.Available on theAPP STOREO-RingCalculator AppHydraulicCylinder CalculatorTubing andHose AppMaterialCompability AppWhen a user entersinstallation specifications intothe O-Ring Calculator app,such as the bore or rod/shaftdiameter, the app quicklycalculates O-Ring andhousing dimensions inboth metric and inch.Quickly calculate areasand volumes in cylinders,extraction and retractionforces, time velocity andoutflow by entering therequisite dimensions andparameters of the cylinder.In compliance withISO 3320, ISO 3321 andISO 4393.Developed specially forlife sciences engineers,this app helps you toeasily choose the correcttubing and hose basedon material, pressure anddimensions, removing theneed to search throughcatalogs.Cross reference a widevariety of different materialswith chemical environmentsto find the most effectivecompounds for yourapplication. Select up to 20materials at once to producean easy to read compatibilitychart with recommendationsfor use.Latest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS 17
O-RINGO-RingsDouble-actingStatic and partly dynamic sealingapplicationsMaterial:Elastomers, Zurcon and othersLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS 19
General Information A General InformationA.1 DESCRIPTIOnAdvAntAgesO-Rings offer the designer an efficient and economical sealingelement for a wide range of static or dynamic applications.Compared with other sealing elements, the O-Ring has a widerange of advantages:Inexpensive production methods and its ease of use havemade the O-Ring the most widely used seal.- Simple, one piece groove design reduces hardware anddesign costs- Compact design allows smaller hardwareA broad range of elastomer materials for both standard andspecial applications allow the O-Ring to be used to sealpractically all liquid and gaseous media.O-Rings are vulcanized in molds and are characterized by theircircular form with annular cross section. The dimensions ofthe O-Ring are defined by the inside diameter d1 and the crosssection d2 (Figure 1).Cross sections of approximately 0.35 mm (0.014 inch) to40 mm (1.575 in.) and inside diameters up to 5,000 mm(196.850 inch) and more are available.d2d1- Easy, foolproof installation reduces risk- Applicable to a wide range of sealing problems, static,dynamic, single or double acting- Wide compound choice for compatibility with most fluids- Ex stock availability of many sizes worldwide for easymaintenance and repairA.2 APPlICATIOnSO-Rings are used as sealing elements or as energizingelements for hydraulic slipper seals and wipers and thus covera large number of fields of application. There are no fields ofindustry where the O-Ring is not used. From an individual sealfor repairs or maintenance to a quality assured application inaerospace, automotive or general engineering.The O-Ring is used predominantly for static sealingapplications:- As a radial static seal, e.g. for bushings, covers, pipes,cylinders- As an axial static seal, e.g. for flanges, plates, caps.O-Rings in dynamic applications are recommended only formoderate service conditions. They are limited by the speed andthe pressure against which they are to seal:- For low duty sealing of reciprocating pistons, rods, plungers,etc.Figure 1: O-Ring dimensioningLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016O-Ring-metrisch 2015.indb 21- For sealing of slowly pivoting, rotating or spiral movementson shafts, spindles, rotary transmissions leadthroughs, etc.TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS 2123.11.2016 14:57:04
O-RING · General InformationA.3 METHOD OF OPERATIOnO-Rings are double-acting sealing elements. The inital squeeze,which acts in a radial or axial direction depending on theinstallation, gives the O-Ring its initial sealing capability. Theseforces are superimposed by the system pressure to create thetotal sealing force which increases as the system pressureincreases (Figure 2).Under pressure, the O-Ring behaves in a similar way to afluid with high surface tension. The pressure is transmitteduniformly in all directions.PFigure 2: -Ring sealing forces with and without system pressure22 TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONSO-Ring-metrisch 2015.indb 22Latest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 201623.11.2016 14:57:04
Technical Information B Technical Information B.1 MaterialsB.1.1 ElASTOMERSThe following tables provide a summary of the variouselastomer material groups. Trelleborg Sealing Solutions canoffer a large number of materials within each group.Equipment manufacturers and end users expect sealingsystems to operate leak free and to maintain long servicelife. Reliability is crucial to effective low maintenance-costoperations. To find the perfect sealing solution in eachindividual case both material performance and seal designare critically important. One of the most used material groupsfor seals are the elastomers. Compounds can be chosenaccording to the properties required, such as elasticity orchemical resistance.If no particular specifications are given for the material,standard NBR (Nitrile Rubber) in 70 Shore A will be supplied(see chapter "B.1.5 Standard materials").Table 1: ElastomerDesignationTrade name*Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber(Nitrile Rubber)Europrene Krynac Nipol N Perbunan NTBreon Hydrogenated Acrylonitrile-Butadiene RubberISO 1629AbbreviationASTM D 1418TSSNBRNBRNTherban Zetpol HNBRHNBRHPolyacrylate RubberNoxtite Hytemp Nipol AR ACMACMAChloroprene RubberBaypren Neoprene CRCRWCEthylene Propylene Diene RubberDutral Keltan Vistalon Buna EP EPDMEPDMESilicone RubberElastoseal Rhodorsil Silastic Silopren VMQVMQSFluorosilicone RubberSilastic FVMQFVMQFTetrafluorethylene-Propylene Copolymer ElastomerAflas FEPMTFE/P**WTButyl RubberEsso Butyl IIRIIRWISBRSBRWBNRWRWRFKMFKMVStyrene-Butadiene Rubber Buna SEuroprene Polysar S Natural RubberFluorocarbon Rubber* Selection of registered trade names** Abbreviation not yet standardized. Dai-ElFluorel Tecnoflon Viton ASTM American Society for Testing and MaterialsISO International Organisation for StandardizationLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016O-Ring-metrisch 2015.indb 23TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS 2323.11.2016 14:57:05
O-RING · Technical InformationDesignationTrade name*ISO 1629 Perfluoro RubberIsolastKalrez Polyester UrethanePolyether UrethaneZurcon Adiprene Pellethan Vulcollan Desmopan Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene RubberPolysulphide ElastomerEpichlorohydrin Elastomer* Selection of registered trade names** Abbreviation not yet standardized.AbbreviationASTM D 1418TSSFFKMFFKMJAUEUAUEUWUWUHypalon CSMCSMWMThiokol -TWTWY--WOHydrin ASTM American Society for Testing and MaterialsISO International Organisation for StandardizationTable 2: The most important types of synthetic rubber, their groupings and abbreviationsChemical nameAbbreviationISO 1629ASTM D COCOECOR - Group(unsaturated hydrogene carbon chain)Chloroprene RubberButyl RubberNitrile Butadiene RubberNatural RubberStyrene Butadiene RubberHydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene RubberCRIIRNBRNRSBRHNBRCRIIRNBRNRSBRHNBRQ - Group(with silicone in the main chain)Fluorosilicone RubberMethyl Vinyl Silicone RubberFVMQVMQFVMQVMQAUEUAUEUM - Group(saturated carbon molecules in main macro-molecule-chain)Polyacrylate RubberEthylene Acrylate RubberChlorosulfonated Polyethylene RubberEthylene Propylene Diene RubberEthylene Propylene RubberFluorocarbon RubberPerfluoro RubberO - Group(with oxygen molecules in the main macro-molecule chain)Epichlorohydrin RubberEpichlorohydrin Copolymer RubberU - Group(with carbon, oxygen and nitrogen in the main chain)Polyester UrethanePolyether Urethane24 TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONSO-Ring-metrisch 2015.indb 24Latest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 201623.11.2016 14:57:05
Technical InformationB.1.2 APPlICATIOn PARAMETERS OF ElASTOMERSElastomers, as all other organic chemicals, have limited use.External influences such as media, oxygen or ozone, as well aspressure and temperature, will affect the material propertiesand therefore their sealing capability.Elastomers can swell, shrink or harden and develop cracks oreven tears.The following information illustrates the different applicationparameters.ElASTOMER HEAT RESISTAnCE / SwEllInG In OIlFFKM325/617Max. working temperature ( C/ F)225/437200/392VQMFKM FVMQAEM175/302AC M150/302EPDMHNBR125/257NBR100/212Depends on ACN content75/1670/32CR020406080120140160Change of volume in IRM-OIL 903, 70h (%)Figure 3: Change of volume in IRM-Oil 903 (old ASTM-Oil No 3)Latest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 2016O-Ring-metrisch 2015.indb 25TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS 2523.11.2016 14:57:05
O-RING · Technical InformationTEMPERATURE RAnGEACMContinuous useAEMOnly special formulatedcompoundsAU, 212150/302200/392250/482300/572 C/ FTemperature ( C/ F)Figure 4: Temperature ranges of various elastomers(The temperature ranges apply only in connection with media that are compatible with the respective elastomer.)GEnERAl FIElD OF APPlICATIOnElastomer materials are used to cover a large number of fieldsof application. The various elastomers can be characterized asfollows:ACM (Polyacrylate Rubber)ACM shows excellent resistance to ozone, weathering and hotair, although it shows only a medium physical strength, lowelasticity and a relatively limited low temperature capability.ACM has an operating temperature range from -20 C (-4 F) to 150 C ( 302 F), but can withstand up to 175 C ( 347 F)for a short period of time. Special types can be used down to-35 C (-31 F). ACM-materials are mainly used in automotiveapplications which require special resistance to lubricantscontaining many additives (incl. sulfur) at high temperatures.CR (Chloroprene Rubber)In general the CR materials show relatively good resistanceto ozone, weathering, chemicals and aging. They also showgood non-flammability, good mechanical properties and coldflexibility. CR has an operating temperature range between-35 C (-31 F) and 90 C (194 F), but can withstand up to 120 C ( 248 F) for a short period of time. Special typescan be used down to -55 C (-67 F). CR materials are found insealing applications involving refrigerants, outdoor applicationsand in the glue industry.26 TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONSO-Ring-metrisch 2015.indb 26EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber)EPDM shows good heat, ozone and aging resistance. Inaddition, they also exhibit high levels of elasticity, goodlow temperature behavior and good insulating properties.EPDM has an operating temperature range between -45 C(-49 F) and 150 C ( 302 F), but can withstand up to 175 C ( 347 F) for a short period of time. Sulfur curedEPDM types have a reduced operating temperatures rangefrom -45 C (-49 F) to 130 C (266 F), but can withstand upto 150 C (302 F) for a short period of time. EPDM can oftenbe found in applications with brake fluids (based on glycol) andhot water.FFKM (Perfluoro Rubber)Perfluoroelastomers show broad chemical resistance similarto PTFE as well as good heat resistance. They show lowswelling with almost all media. Depending on the material,the operating temperatures range between -25 C (-13 F) and 240 C (464 F). Special types can be used up to 325 C( 617 F). Applications for FFKM can be found in the chemicaland process industries and in all applications with eitheraggressive environments or high temperatures.FKM (Fluorocarbon Rubber)Depending on structure and fluorine content, FKM materialscan differ with regards to their chemical resistance andcold-flexibility. FKM is known for its non-flammability, low gaspermeability and excellent resistance to ozone, weatheringand aging. Fluorocarbon rubber has an operating temperatureLatest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com Edition December 201623.11.2016 14:57:05
Technical Informationrange between -20 C (-4 F) and 200 C ( 392 F), but canwithstand up to 230 C ( 446 F). Suitably formulated FKMcan be used down to -35 C (-31 F). FKM is also often usedwith mineral based oils and greases at high temperatures.FvMQ (Fluorosilicone Rubber)FVMQ has good heat resistance, very good low temperatureflexibility, good electrical properties and excellent resistanceto weather, ozone and UV rays. FVMQ shows a significantlybetter chemical resistance than standard silicone especiallyin hydrocarbons, aromatic mineral oils, fuel and low moleculararomatic hydrocarbons e.g. benzene and toluene. FVMQ hasan operating temperature range between -50 C (-58 F ) and 175 C (347 F), but can withstand up to 200 C (392 F)for a short pe
C.2.4 O-Ring dimensions for straight thread tube fittings in accordance with AS 568 C.2.5 O-Ring dimensions for metric thread with conical recess in accordance with ISO 6149 C.2.6 Preferred metric O-Ring dimensions C.3 O-Ring Seal Sets O-Ring-metrisch_2015.indb 3 23.11.2016 14:55:48
Heavy Duty Back-Up Rings Heavy Duty back-up rings are configured with a greater axial thickness (T) dimension. The extra thickness provides more extrusion protec-tion for O-Rings. These rings are interchange-able with MS27595, MS28774, MS28782 and MS28783 back-up rings used in MIL-G-5514 packing glands. Heavy duty rings are available
2.4 Homomorphism and quotient rings 28 2.5 Special rings 30 2.6 Modules 34 2.7 Rings with chain conditions 35 3. Smarandache rings and its properties 3.1 Definition of Smarandache ring with examples 38 3.2 Smarandache units in rings 41 3.3 Smarandache zero divisors in rings 46
seminear-rings using loops and groupoids which we call as groupoid near-rings, near loop rings, groupoid seminear-rings and loop seminear-ring. For all these concepts a Smarandache analogue is defined and several Smarandache properties are introduced and studied. The ninth chapter deals with fuzzy concepts in near-rings and gives 5
Seal Rings The sets are comprised of double-turn rings in either 2 rings per set or 3 rings per set. The double-turn rings fit tighter in the bore or on the shaft, provide complete 360 surface contact and resist higher axial/radial forces than single-turn ring sets, for medium to heavy duty applications.
Missing rings & false rings (to identify these, need a "master chronology") Species limitations (some trees have no rings, non-annual rings, or poorly defined rings) Trees must crossdate! (can't develop a chronology or link to climate without this) Top of p 52 Today's class activity
Backup rings Back up rings minimize non-metallic sealing rings from extruding into the space between the piston rod and packing cup. The back up does not seal on the rod; it does seal on the packing case cup face. It is bored to have a small clearance on the piston rod and has no segmental gaps when positioned. Back up rings are typically
Saturn’s most prominent rings are the A, B, and C The age and fate of Saturn’s rings Jonathan Henry When Saturn was the only known ringed planet, the rings were believed to be as old as the solar system—4.6 billion years in the conventional chronology. The existence of the rings to the present day was taken as evidence of this chronology.
The rings in Examples 16.1.1 and 16.1.2 are commutative rings with unity, the unity in both cases being the number 1. The ring @M 2µ2 HR L, , ÿD is a noncommutative ring with unity, the unity being the identity matrix I K 1 0 0 1 O. DIRECT PRODUCTS OF RINGS Let R 1, R 2, , R n be rings under the operations 1, 2, , n and ÿ 1 .
