Thematic Knowledge Digest Of Consolidated Replies .
Thematic Knowledge Digest of Consolidated RepliesMicrofinance Community, Solution ExchangeUnited NationsNavin Anand and Mohammad AnasResource TeamMicrofinance Community of PracticeSolution Exchange, UNDP, Indiase-mf@solutionexchange-un.net.in
1PrefaceSolution Exchange is a knowledge sharing initiative ofthe United Nations in India, targeted at helpingdevelopment practitioners to move towards attainingnational and Millennium Development Goals. TheMicrofinance Community of Solution Exchange bringstogether persons working on financial services formeeting basic needs, enhancing investment in incomegenerating and asset-building activities, andaddressing risks for the poor. Since its inception inOctober 2006, it has emerged as a neutral platform toconnect grassroots workers, Micro Finance Institutions, banks, private sector and governmentagencies, and has issued about 134 knowledge products till August 2014 in the form ofConsolidated Replies (CRs) to queries.The Knowledge Digest is an attempt to address the need for compilation of these CRs around sixcommon themes and to provide a single source access to all the CRs. The Digest presents anoverview of the discussions held within the Community on various themes. The topics under everytheme is bookmarked in the contents list to make it user friendly and provide a direct access tothe specific CR.The information given in the Knowledge Digest is mainly drawn from the Consolidated Replies ofMicrofinance Community of Practice. A Consolidated Reply is the final output of any query or ediscussion undertaken by Microfinance Community of Practice, Solution Exchange. Theseknowledge products (CRs) are disseminated through electronic medium to the members of thecommunity. Each CR include details of organizations, experts, communities/networks, Tools andTechnologies, relevant documents, portals, information bases, etc. that came across during thedeliberations by the members on a particular query or subject.For practitioners of microfinance the Knowledge Digest can be a reference book for troubleshooting and problem solving on day-to-day problems faced by them in implementingmicrofinance at grassroots. For others, it should be useful for guiding future work on variousinnovative issues (e.g. ‘Health Mutuals’, Microfinance in disaster affected areas, FinancialCapability, Micro health insurance, Housing microfinance for the poor, etc.). The document willbe of special interest to agencies working on financial inclusion of the most disadvantaged groupsin India, such as UNDP and other UN Agencies.We are thankful to all the members of the community who have contributed to these ediscussions. We look forward to this publication being used widely to work towards achievingfinancial and economic inclusion of the poorest and the disadvantaged sections in the country. Aweb link with the year wise classification of all the CRs is appended at the end of this book.Best WishesNavin Anand and Mohammad AnasResource Team1
2ContentsA. Executive Summary . .1B. Contents .21. Micro Finance - Products, Services and Delivery Mechanisms 2-11Credit- SBLP, Financial Product, Producer Companies, Micro-Enterprises, Agri-Value Chain, Minor Irrigation, OutreachInformation Kiosk, Service Delivery Channel, Housing MF, Education, Water, Sanitation, Clean Energy, Savings, NSS,Voluantary Savings, Saving Mobilization, Micro Insurance (MI), MI Service, MI Products, MI Disaster, MI BestPractices, MI Urban Health, Health Insurance, Health Mutual, National Health Scheme, MI and HIV, PLHIV, Livestock,Disaster Risk, Micropension, Remittances, MGNREGA, Microleasing2. Microfinance for Livelihoods and its Sub Sectors 12-17Business Development Services , Microfinance for Livelihoods, Sub-Sectors of Livelihoods, Micro-Enterprises , FisherFolk, Dairy Enterprises, Bt Cotton, Value Chains , SME Financing, Disaster, Disaster Preparedness , ResilientCommunities , Livelihood Insurance , National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana,Strategies to Fast track NRLM , Framework of NRLM, National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM) , Skills Development,Livelihood MF3. Financial inclusion of various segments through different mechanisms andinstitutions . 18-24Business Correspondent Model , Extension of Banking Services , Mobile Phone Banking, Financial Inclusion , RegionalRural Banks , National federation of SHGs, Post Offices, MF in Northeast India, MF for Mountain Region , North EasternRegion , Urban Microfinance, Jammu and Kashmir , KYC- Identification, Employment, MF Models for MuslimCommunity, Bharatiya Mahila Bank , FI of Rickshaw Pullers , Vulnerable Tribal Groups, Livelihoods of the Ultra Poor ,People with Disabilities (PwDs) , Migrant workers, Agriculture Credit Cooperatives , Documentation of Case Studies ,Microfinance through Cooperatives , Cooperative Societies Acts4. Microfinance Technologies, Tools, Processes and Systems 25-29Transformation to MFIs , Multi-Dimensional Poverty Assessment Tool , Indicators to Assess Client Size, TechnologyServices , Operational Efficiency of MFIs, Credit Risk Assessment Tools, Portfolio Risk Hedging, Capability Assessmentof Micro-Insurance, Financial Capability, Good Practices in SHG , Linking Grassroots Practitioners , Incentive Systemand Retention Strategies for MFI Staff, Impact Assessment , Impact of Microfinance, Social Performance Strategies,Human Development5. Enabling Policy and Institutional Environment for Microfinance: Funding, Strategies andsupport for the growth of Microfinance Sector .30 -35Partnering with Financial Institutions , Funding Landscape , Selecting/Support of Small NGO-MFI Start-Ups, MFIs andSBLP, Resources on Forming SHGs, Scale-Up MF Investments, ‘State of Sector Report – 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012I, 2012-II, 2013-I, 2013-II, Inclusive Finance Sector Report- 2014, Housing Microfinance 2013, Access to Finance (A2F)forUttar Pradesh , Addressing Climate Change, Innovative Microfinance Initiatives , Corporate Social Responsibility6. Policy, Organizational Structures and Linkage Platforms for Microfinance 36-41Planning Commission's Approach Paper, Mobile Payment Guidelines of RBI, Money Lenders Act, SHG Federations,Resources on Forming SHGs, Community-Based MF Model, Social Enterprise Capital, Banking Structure in India ,National Federation of SHGs, National Regulatory Framework for Microfinance Sector, Micro Finance Institutions(Development and Regulation) Bill – 2011, Malegam Committee Report on Microfinance, Regulation andDevelopment of Microfinance Sector , National Policy on Older Persons , Livelihoods and Microfinance , National LandReforms Policy , Over-borrowing from Multiple MFIs, Anti-Poverty Vehicles in Panchayati Raj , Microfinance throughPanchayats2
31. Micro Finance:Products, Services andDelivery Mechanisms3
4Micro Finance - Products, Services and Delivery MechanismsCredit - Products, Services and Delivery MechanismsDiversified Credit Products to SHG Members under SHG Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP)Diversified Credit Products to SHG Members under SBL, Rohit Raina, Access DevelopmentServices, Udaipur (Experiences) Issued 30 December 2006Download at: se-mf-30120601-public.pdfSuggests ways to make SBLP more client-responsive through provision of diversified creditproducts including case studies of MFIs, banks and NGOsFinancial Products in Umbrella Programme of GTZ, KfW and NABARD on NRMFinancial Products in Umbrella Programme of GTZ, KfW and NABARD on NRM from SanjayKumar Gupta, MART, Noida (Experiences; Advice). Issued 19 March s inputs on potential activities to be financed through UPNRM loan products and learnings ofNRM based livelihood projects with credit/MF as a component.Financial Services for Producer Companies, Their Promoters and MembersFinancial services for producer companies, their promoters and members from Krishna GopalGV , Access Livelihoods Consulting, Secunderabad and Shefali Misra, Poverty Unit, UNDP, NewDelhi (Experience;Referrals)Issued02August2013.Download at: se-mf-07031301.pdfAssess the policy and institutional environment for provision of financial services to the ProducerCompanies, provides an overview of key initiatives and challenges faced by Producer organisationswith suggestions and recommendations for sustainability and scalability through best practices.Financing the Micro-enterprises through MFIsFinancing the Micro-enterprises through MFIs from Anand Kumar Srivastava, GIZ MSMEUmbrella Programme, New Delhi and Rahul Mittra, Margdarshak, Lucknow (Experiences;Examples). Issued 14 March 2012. Cross posted with Work and Employment CommunityDownload at: lic/cr-se-mf-emp-11011201public.pdfSeeks inputs on constraints faced by the MFIs in financing the Microenterprises,National/international best practices and successful business models of Microenterprise financingand risks to be addressed for microenterprise lending in India4
5Microfinance Services for Agricultural Value chainMicrofinance Services for Agricultural Value Chain, from Prasun Kumar Das, School of RuralManagement, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar (Experiences; Examples). Issued 14 September2010. Cross-posted with Work and Employment Seeks inputs on adopting and financing ‘Agricultural Value Chain Business models’ by variousfinancial institutions and the case studies on mapping value chains of non-staple crops.Microfinance for Minor Irrigation and Community based Water Management SystemsMicrofinance for Minor Irrigation and Community based Water Management Systems Experiences; Examples from Subhash Chandra Garg, National Bank for Agriculture and RuralDevelopment (NABARD), Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand (Experiences; Examples). Issued 10 June2009. Cross-posted with Water hares examples and experiences of micro financing for minor irrigation and community basedwater management systems; innovative irrigational processes for mountain and remote areas.Enhancing outreach of Microfinance and use of Information KiosksEnhancing outreach of Microfinance and use of, from Pooja Bharech, Drishtee Foundation,Noida (Referrals; Advice) Issued 5 December 2008.Download at: se-mf-22090801-public.pdfCaptures references and advice on financial institutions that provide funds /loans for onwardlending & ways in utilizing the existing ‘Kiosks’ to enhance the outreach for micro financing.Financial Service Delivery ChannelsFinancial Service Delivery Channels, from Manab Chakraborty, Mimo Finance, Dehradun(Experiences) Issued 20 March 2007Download at: se-mf-12020701-public.pdfShares pros and cons of the franchisee model for delivery of microfinance services and otheralternate cost effective models such as partnership, business correspondent’s model.Housing Microfinance for PoorHousing Microfinance for Poor, from G. Milroy Paul, Habitat for Humanity India, Chennai(Experiences; Examples) Issued 29 September 2008Download at: se-mf-28080801-public.pdf5
6Shares experiences, issues, challenges faced and possible value delivery chains for housingmicrofinance.Microfinance Services for EducationMicrofinance Services for Education, from P. Uday Shankar, CEFI, Chennai (Experiences; Advice).Issued 10 December 2010Download at: se-mf-27091001-public.pdfShares the experiences on education loan schemes of various financial institutions and the gaps inexisting products and services and delivery mechanism of educational loans.Rolling out Exclusive Water and Sanitation Loan ProductsRolling out Exclusive Water and Sanitation Loan Products from Pon Ananth, Water.org,Tiruchirappalli (Advice). Issued 6 May 2010. Cross-posted with Water CommunityDownload at: -wes-mf-15031001.pdfDiscusses the scope of rolling out exclusive loan products for water and sanitation by MFIs, andthe key contributing factors for the success and sustainability of WatSan loan productsRevolving Fund for Household WatSan FacilitiesRevolving Fund for Household WatSan Facilities, from Kulwant Singh, UN-HABITAT, New Delhi(Experiences; Referrals) Issued 27 September 2007. Cross-posted with Water xperiences and examples of models from different states in financing small household level waterand sanitation facilities through revolving funds, along with design element suggestionsMicro Finance options for Access to Clean EnergyMicro Finance options for Access to Clean Energy from Svati Bhogle, Sustaintech India Pvt. Ltd,Bangalore (Experiences; Referrals). Issued 8 November 2011. Cross posted with Climate ChangeCommunityDownload at: lic/cr-se-clmt-mf-10101101public.pdfIncludes innovative models, methods, mechanisms developed, experimented to providemicrofinance services for purchase of fuel efficient energy products and suggests the way aheadfor consumer financing of similar products being used by the poor6
7Savings - Products, Services and Delivery MechanismsProviding Savings Services by NGO-MFIs and NBFCsProviding Savings Services by NGO-MFIs and NBFCs, from Vikash Kumar, Grameen Koota,Bangalore (Advice; Experiences) Issued 28 August 2007Download at: se-mf-07080701-public.pdfDiscusses the Banking Correspondent model and other mechanisms by which NGOs and MFIs canprovide savings services to its members; shares experiences and various technologies usedExtending National Savings Schemes through SHGs, Federations and other CollectivesExtending National Savings Schemes through SHGs, Federations and other Collectives from A KChauhan, National Savings Institute, Government of India, New Delhi (Experiences: Advice)Issued 2 May 2013Download at: se-mf-02051301.pdfDiscusses the Strategy and mechanism of linking SHGs and other collectives as recognized agenciesof Government of India to collect deposits under National Savings and explores about theinnovations and customization required in the National Savings Schemes to cater to the needs ofthe poor households.Introducing Voluntary Savings in the SHGsIntroducing Voluntary Savings in the SHGs from B S Suran, MicroCredit InnovationsDepartment – NABARD, Mumbai (Discussion). Issued 23 April 2012Download public/cr-se-mf-09021201public.pdfExplores the possibilities of introducing voluntary savings, management processes involved in thisand learnings from the similar experiences implemented in other parts worldwideAppropriate Legal Entities for CBMFIs and Savings MobilizationAppropriate Legal Entities for CBMFIs and Savings Mobilization from Smita Premchander,SAMPARK, Bangalore and Jaipal Singh, Center for microFinance, Jaipur (Discussion). Issued 02June ores the available options of legal entities for CBMFIs and documents the experiences ofCBMFIs in mobilizing, collecting and utilizing the savings and deposits of the members7
8Micro Insurance – Concepts, Products, Services and Delivery MechanismsDelivery of Micro Insurance ServicesDelivery of Micro Insurance Services, from Ajaya Mohapatra, We The People, New Delhi(Experiences) Issued 25 April 2007Download at: se-mf-03040701-public.pdfProvides case studies and models for distribution channels of microinsurance and key lessons forefficient implementation of microinsurance schemesAlternative Micro Insurance Products and Delivery MechanismsAlternative Micro Insurance Products and Delivery Mechanisms, from Ramesh S. Arunachalam,Micro Finance Consulting Group, Chennai (Experiences) Issued 30 May 2007Download at: se-mf-09050701-public.pdfProvides information on various delivery mechanisms and best practices in providing microinsurance; includes case studies on innovative products and technology solutionsDocumenting Best Practices in Community Based Micro InsuranceDocumenting Best Practices in Community based Micro Insurance from Kumar Shailabh,Communities Led Association for Social Security (CLASS), Pune and Sabbir Patel, InternationalCooperative and Mutual Insurance Federation (ICMIF), London (Experiences; Examples). Issued11 July 2011Download public/cr-se-mf-05051101public.pdfExplores the scope of Mutual/Cooperative insurance model and ways of formalizing the memberbased grassroots organizations as insurance providersHealth Insurance Models for the Areas Vulnerable to DisastersHealth Insurance Models for the Areas Vulnerable to Disasters from Kumar Shailabh, Uplift IndiaAssociation, Pune (Examples; Experiences). Issued 9 August 2010. Cross-posted with DisasterManagement CommunityDownload at: -se-drm-mf-03051001.pdfShares experiences of implementing and utilizing health insurance schemes in disaster prone areasand discusses prospects of risk sharing between communities and government/insurancecompanies8
9Micro-Health Insurance for Disadvantaged GroupsMicro-Health Insurance for Disadvantaged Groups, from Marc Socquet, International LaborOrganisation (ILO), New Delhi (Discussion). Issued 2 July 2008Download at: se-mf-30100701.pdfCaptures different aspects of the value chain of micro-health insurance; role of service providers,products and services and success or failure factors of the schemesMicro Health Insurance in Urban IndiaMicro Health Insurance in Urban India from Pragati Singh and Pradeep Panda, Micro InsuranceAcademy, New Delhi (Examples; Referrals). Issued 23 November 2011. Cross posted withMaternal and Child Health CommunityDownload at: lic/cr-se-mf-mch-21091101public.pdfSeeks inputs on micro-health insurance models in urban India, names of organizations working onthis issue and the factors that make an Insurance scheme a successful schemeAppropriate Legal Structure for ‘Health Mutuals’Appropriate Legal Structure for Health Mutuals, Issued, from Kumar Shailabh, Uplift IndiaAssociation, Pune (Advice; Experiences) Issued 27 September 2008Download at: se-mf-11080801-public.pdfShares models of Community owned Mutuals, appropriate legal structure and reviews of partneragent model of Health MutualsEnhancing the Utilization of the National Health Insurance SchemeEnhancing the Utilization of the National Health Insurance Scheme from Vipin Varma, THOT Ideas without Borders, New Delhi (Experiences; Examples). Issued 30 December 2009. Crossposted with Maternal and Child Health iscusses the status of utilization of the National Health Insurance Scheme in the rural areas andsharing experiences in awareness generation and ways to increase utilization of the scheme.9
10Insurance and HIVInsurance and
The Knowledge Digest is an attempt to address the need for compilation of these CRs around six common themes and to provide a single source access to all the CRs. The Digest presents an overview of the discussions held within the Community on various themes. The topics under every
FSHD Thematic Minor Handbook 1 Thematic Minor Students majoring in FSHD have the option of declaring a thematic minor. The thematic minor is developed around a theme identified by the student, using courses from two or more disciplines. The major advisor must approve all thematic minors. The thematic minor must be 18 units, 9 of which must be .
FSHD Thematic Minor Handbook 1 Thematic Minor Students majoring in FSHD have the option of declaring a thematic minor. The thematic minor is developed around a theme identified by the student, using courses from two or more disciplines. The major advisor must approve all thematic minors. The thematic minor must be 18 units, 9 of which must be .
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Consolidated Statements of Operations 8 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 9 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 10 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 11 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 1. Basis of preparation 12 2. Significant accounting policies
Consolidated Balance Sheet . 60 Consolidated Statement of Income. 62 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income . 63 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity . 64 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. 66 Notes to Consolidated
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