The Selection, Management And Use Of Mobile Elevating Work .
Health and SafetyExecutiveThe selection, management and use of mobileelevating work platformsHSE information sheetGeneral Information Sheet No 6IntroductionThis information sheet is aimed at those who select,specify, manage and operate mobile elevating workplatforms (MEWPs).It tells you what you should consider before selectinga MEWP to gain access to work at height and therisks that need to be assessed and managed while theMEWP is in use.All types of MEWPs are covered by this guidance,including ones that are: vertical ‘scissor’ lift;self-propelled boom;vehicle-mounted boom; andtrailer-mounted boom.This information sheet has been produced inconsultation with the Strategic Forum for Plant Safety– MEWP Safety Group.What the law requiresThe Work at Height Regulations 2005 require anassessment to be carried out before starting anywork at height. If the assessment determines that thework can be carried out in a way that avoids havingsomeone working at height then this must be done.However, if the assessment confirms that there is noalternative to working at height then the work mustbe properly planned and organised in advance by acompetent person to ensure that the most suitablework equipment is chosen.When choosing the most suitable work equipment,you must follow the fall protection hierarchy. Thisstates the order in which protective measures shouldbe considered to prevent and mitigate the risks whenworking at height cannot be avoided.Figure 1 Operating a MEWP near overhead structuresfocuses on minimising the overturning risks associatedwith mobile work equipment such as MEWPs. Thisis particularly relevant when considering the ground,environmental and operating conditions that theMEWP may experience.The Lifting Operations and Lifting EquipmentRegulations 1998 (LOLER) require that all liftingoperations are to be planned by a competentperson and that any equipment used for lifting orlowering loads or people (including MEWPs) shouldbe of adequate strength and stability and thoroughlyexamined at regular intervals thereafter.The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations1998 (PUWER) require the risks from using equipmentat work to be prevented or controlled and specifically1 of 7 pages
Health and SafetyExecutiveAssessing the riskMEWPs are designed to provide a safe work platformfor temporary work at height. In relation to the fallprotection hierarchy, they are considered to be workequipment that can prevent a fall. What interface is there with other vehicles andpedestrians and are there any unusual issues, egaircraft, rail traffic, public highway? What fuel type is allowed on site and where willrefuelling take place?It is important that those responsible for selecting,specifying and managing MEWPs on site (thecompetent person) understand the risks associatedwith the use of a MEWP so they can advise on theprecautions required to eliminate or control thoserisks. Planning is crucial to their safe operation andthe stages below are designed to help you with yourplanning.Managing the riskSelection criteriaThink about what size of delivery vehicle or vehiclemounted MEWP will need access to site or whether aself-propelled MEWP will have to be off-loaded on thepublic highway. You should liaise with your supplier/haulage company on the following matters:There are many different types of MEWP with variousrated capacities, working heights and outreaches.Before you decide which type of MEWP is the mostsuitable for the job, think about the following (this list isnot exhaustive): What work needs to be done? At what stage in the job will the MEWP be needed and what will the ground conditions or supportingstructure be like at that stage (ie rough, prepared,poured slab, finished surface etc)?What access is there onto the site to deliver/collecta MEWP and to travel it to and from the worklocation?What terrain and gradient will the MEWP have tocross to get to the work position and is operatorvisibility and segregation adequate for themanoeuvre?Are there any overhead power lines orsubterranean hazards on site to be avoided?How much space is available to position andoperate the MEWP at the work position?What is the maximum ground bearing capacity atthe work area and along the route to and from thework positions?How many people need to be lifted?What is the required safe working load (SWL) of themachine?What height and outreach are required?Will the MEWP be expected to move in theelevated position?Are there likely to be any overhead structures thatthe operator could be crushed against?Are there any materials to be lifted and if so what istheir weight/shape/length?Are material handling devices required?Once you have chosen the most suitable type andsize of MEWP for the job you need to look at thehazards associated with using it, assess the risks andidentify control measures to develop a safe workingmethod. The following areas should be considered.Delivery to and collection from site What time of day will be most appropriate? Will the MEWP need to be reversed off the deliveryvehicle or, if vehicle-mounted, reversed onto site? What size of turning circle will be needed? Who will meet the delivery driver? If you have to unload/reload the MEWP onthe public highway, this still forms part of yourundertaking and will require adequate controlmeasures to protect/segregate pedestrians andother road users during these manoeuvres. Is the lighting adequate or is more required? Is the ground capacity suitable? Are there manholecovers or other features that must be avoided?Storage/charging areaWherever possible, keep MEWPs in a securecompound or in a designated area with the engine ormotor switched off, the working platform lowered to itsparked position and the brakes applied. If it has to beparked on a gradient, the wheels should be chocked.Recharging electrically powered MEWPs shouldbe carried out in an area that is protected from theelements.It is the MEWP users responsibility to make surethat the MEWP cannot be used by unauthorisedpersons. Different options for isolating machines andpreventing unauthorised use are being developed bymanufacturers and hirers and you may wish to discusswhat would work best for you with your supplier.2 of 7 pages
Health and SafetyExecutiveConsider the following:the maximum weight of the MEWP and the maximumpoint load that it could exert on the floor. Has enoughtime been allowed for the concrete to cure? What type of ground will the MEWP have to travelAdverse weatherPositioning before and during work across before reaching its work position, eg hard,firm, soft, sloping, uneven terrain, soft spots, kerbs,subterranean hazards (such as tanks, cellars andculverts, inspection covers, sewers and servicetrenches), paved areas, footpaths, waterloggedareas, frozen ground etc?Is a banksman or vehicle marshaller required whenmoving the MEWP across the site to its workposition?Will a wander lead be utilised and, if so, is it longenough to keep the operator at a safe distance?Is the ground sufficiently level at the work location?What is the ground bearing capacity at the workposition and along the route to and from it? Is thereenough space for the outriggers to be deployed?What is the maximum point load (under a wheel,outrigger or jack pad)? Are spreader platesrequired?Will the MEWP have to pass beneath any overheadpower lines? If so, is there enough clearance andhas the area been demarcated?Will the MEWP have to be lifted into position bycrane? Are the MEWP lifting points well indicatedand is the weight of the MEWP and radius of liftknown? Is there an Appointed Person to planthe lift?Will the MEWP have to operate on ground floorslabs or slabs at other levels in the structure? Hasthe risk of the MEWP running off the edge of aground floor slab onto soft ground or off the edgeof an elevated floor slab been considered? Howwill the risk be controlled?Have segregation/control measures beenconsidered to prevent the MEWP encroaching intoor over live vehicle or pedestrian routes?Temporary works (ground conditions andsupporting structures)The person in control of the site should supplyrelevant information about the ground bearingcapacity, terrain, gradient, base area, load bearingcapability of supporting structures and any localisedground features, such as trenches, manholes anduncompacted backfill, which could lead to overturning.BS 5975:2008 Code of Practice for temporary worksprocedures and the permissible stress design offalsework provides more detail on temporary worksand the elements that should be included.If operating on a precast or cast in-situ concrete slab,request the slab loading limits from the person incontrol of the site and check how this compares withThink about wet, cold and windy weather. Is the MEWP designed only for indoor use or can itbe used outdoors? What is the manufacturer’s maximum wind speedin which the MEWP can operate safely? How will the wind speed be checked (usually withan anemometer) and by whom? Is the MEWP being operated between buildingswhere increased wind speed and/or turbulencecan be a particular problem? What about the potential for wind chill, which canaffect the operator’s dexterity and concentration? If using a MEWP rated as ‘indoor only’ think aboutwind exposure, eg in a partially clad building orwhere large doors are open at both ends of a fullyclad building.Falling from the platformOne of the biggest risks when using boom-typeplatforms is being thrown out of the basket if theboom swings, jolts or tilts away from the machine’scentre of gravity (this can occur when travelling in aMEWP), or if the operator overreaches (usually bystanding on the guard rails). Other causes can beimpact by other vehicles or snagging the boom orbasket on obstructions. The precautions described inthis guidance are designed to minimise the chancesof this happening but any risk assessment must stillconsider the use of personal fall prevention equipment.Where there is a risk of impact or someone fallingfrom a boom-type MEWP, those people should wearappropriate fall prevention equipment.The preferred option is to stop the person falling fromthe work platform by using a work restraint system. Awork restraint system should normally consist of a fullbody harness (BS EN 361) connected to a lanyard (BSEN 354) which is connected to an anchor point on theMEWP basket. From the anchor point, the lanyardlength should be short enough to prevent aperson reaching a position where they could fall.The lanyard may contain an energy-absorbing device(BS EN 355), but should still only be used as part of awork restraint system.Do not use retractable type fall arresters (BS EN 360)unless they are suitable and have been specificallytested in the proposed manner of use.3 of 7 pages
Health and SafetyExecutiveFigure 2 Examples of secondary guarding devicesFor information about restraint systems used inarboriculture and forestry, refer to the HSE leafletMobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) for tree workAFAG403.Working next to, or over water must be assessedto identify whether the greatest risk of injury to theoperator is from falling from the MEWP basket ordrowning, if the MEWP falls into the water. Thedecision can then be made as to whether it is mostappropriate to wear a harness to address the fall riskor whether a harness should not be worn due to therisk of drowning. Life jackets, not harnesses should beworn where there is a risk of drowning.Overhead hazardsLook for any overhead hazards such as power lines,steel beams, pipe bridges, arches or trees and takeaccount of any risks they present and any controlmeasures needed.Trapping/crushing against overhead and adjacentobstructionsWhen operating a MEWP where there are adjacent oroverhead structures, it is possible that the operatorcould be trapped or crushed against those structures.This entrapment can result in serious, sometimes fatalinjury.If there are structures against which an operator couldbe trapped or crushed, consider selecting a MEWPfitted with a secondary guarding device which willprevent, or mitigate against the consequences oftrapping or crushing (see Figure 2).For further guidance, see Best practice guidancefor MEWPs and MEWPs - Guidance on secondaryguarding devices available to reduce the risk ofentrapment injury (see Further reading).Extra care must be taken if MEWPs are used tomanoeuvre up through steelwork, service ducts orother obstacles as there is a risk of the operatorbeing trapped between the basket and surroundingstructures. This risk increases when the number oflevels the MEWP operates through increases, andwhen clearance is reduced due to materials beingloaded onto the lower levels.MEWPs are fitted with proportional controls to allowsmooth operation and movement of the platform.There can be an element of ‘run-on’ when the controlsare released abruptly, which may mean the platformcontinues to move for a short time after the controlshave been released. Therefore, particular care must betaken when working close to overhead structures toavoid the impact and possible risk of crushing.Manoeuvring the basket with the operator crouchedover the control panel to try to avoid overheadobstructions is dangerous and should not be done.Site traffic and personnelThink about how the MEWP interacts with other sitetraffic and personnel. Does the operator have limited visibility, particularlyduring reversing? Is a banksman required? What is required in terms of vehicle route signage,pedestrian and vehicle segregation barriers, cones,crossings etc? Is there a risk of trapping other workers betweenthe counterweight and an adjacent structure duringslewing? Are people below protected from the risk ofobjects falling from the basket? The first priorityshould be to keep people out of the area but, if it isnecessary to have people working in an area wherethey could be at risk of being struck by a fallingobject, you must put control measures in place, egtool lanyards. When working in an area used by other workersor vehicles, the entire MEWP work area (basedon required outreach distances and not just basestructure footprint) should be barricaded usingcones and warning signs etc.4 of 7 pages
Health and SafetyExecutive How many lifting devices are working in the areaand is there any risk they could collide with eachother? Does any part of the MEWP protrude out of theconfines of the work area? Note: you must neverboom over live traffic. Are you working within 6 km of an aerodrome/airfield using a MEWP in excess of 10 m in height?If so, you should contact the airfield manager forpermission to work in that air space.Handling materialsIf MEWPs are to be used to install materials, it isessential to know the weight and dimensions ofthose materials and to properly consider any manualhandling and load distribution issues.Boom-type MEWPs generally have smaller basketsand lower lift capacities than scissor-type MEWPsand their platforms can ‘bounce’ at height due to theboom structure flexing. This may make them lesssuitable to use for installing long or heavy materials,or bulky materials that may obstruct the control panel.Materials should never be balanced on the handrailsof a MEWP. Instead, you should consider using asecond boom-type MEWP, a scissor lift, a crane ora telehandler of appropriate capacity in conjunctionwith an appropriate material handling attachmentwhere necessary (see Figure 3). The combination ofa MEWP used for access, with other plant to handlethe materials, reduces the risk of overturning andminimises the risk of injury due to manual handling.Remember, all people, tools, materials and materialhandling devices add to the safe working load of themachine. Never disable the platform overload system.Where the overload alarm has been activated ormovement functions have cut out due to overload,remove the overload immediately if possible beforeattempting to recover the machine.If you plan the work properly, the need for outreachmay be avoided by, for example, preparing orreinstating the ground conditions in the area directlybeneath planned overhead work or by adjusting thework schedule to delay the construction of low levelstructures until work overhead has been completed.Exiting the work platform at heightMEWPs are specifically designed to lift people to aposition where they can carry out work from the workplatform and then return to the starting level. They arenot intended to be used to transfer people from onelevel to another or for people to exit the basketat height.Figure 3 A MEWP fitted with a material handling deviceExiting the basket at height should be strictlycontrolled and may only be undertaken where arigorous risk assessment carried out as part ofplanning the job indicates that this is the safestand most effective means of accessing a particularlocation.Further information can be found in BS 8460:2005Annex B Guidance on safe systems of work for exitingthe work platform at height.Pre-use checks and machine faultsThe trained operator is responsible for carrying outa basic daily/pre-use function check. In addition,there will be basic maintenance required by themanufacturer. Records of these checks should bekept.The operator should also be fully aware of theprocedure their employer expects them to followshould they identify a fault with the MEWP, eg isolatethe controls, tag the machine and report the defect tothe person in control.Thorough examinationMEWPs, and any material handling devices must bethoroughly examined at least every six months by acompetent person, or at an increased frequency inaccordance with an examination scheme drawn up bysuch a competent person. You should ask to see andretain the report of the thorough examination for theequipment you are going to allow to be used on yoursite.Training and certificationIt is the employers responsibility to ensure that allMEWP operators have been adequately trained.5 of 7 pages
Health and SafetyExecutiveAlthough specific courses are not a strict legalrequirement, there are recognised schemes available.Once the training and assessment has beensuccessfully completed, the operator is given a trainingcertificate or card, which clearly identifies the operatorand lists the categories of MEWP they are trainedto operate. This document can be updated as theoperator undergoes further training on different types/sizes of MEWP. You should check the expiry date ofthe training certificate or card.For trained operators who have to access areaswhere the risk of entrapment is increased due to theproximity of adjacent or overhead structures, theemployer should check whether the operator’s trainingis sufficient or whether additional training is required.The additional training is designed to make operatorsmore aware of how to operate MEWPs in these higherrisk environments and reduce the risk of entrapment.Operators using material handling attachments shouldhave received additional training in accordance withthe attachment manufacturer’s recommendations.Operators and any other person being lifted by theMEWP will need instruction in the correct fitting anduse of the harness, lanyard, rescue equipment andthe procedures for periodic inspection, maintenanceand storage of fall protection PPE (especially textileequipment). For further information, refer to Inspectingfall arrest equipment made from webbing or rope (seeFurther information).Depending on the activity being undertaken you mayalso require a competent person to supervise theMEWP operations on site. Again, although specificcourses are not a strict legal requirement, there arerecognised training courses for those who manageMEWP operations.FamiliarisationBefore being authorised to operate a particular makeor model of MEWP, it is the employer’s responsibilityto ensure that all operators are trained and givenadequate time to undertake familiarisation on theuse of the machine with a comp
Think about what size of delivery vehicle or vehicle-mounted MEWP will need access to site or whether a self-propelled MEWP will have to be off-loaded on the public highway. You should liaise with your supplier/ haulage company on the following matters:
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