The Economic And Social Impact Of The University Of Liverpool On The .
The Economic and Social Impactof the University of Liverpool onthe Liverpool City Region2015/16
FOREWORD 3THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL ON THE LIVERPOOL CITY REGIONContents1 .4The University’s economic contributionto the Liverpool City Region2.10Our people inspire3.13Our research delivers4.18We are global5.25We drive social mobility6.30Looking forward: the University of Liverpoolat the heart of the Liverpool City Region7.32Our methodologyThe reputation and profile ofthe University of Liverpool in theUnited Kingdom and overseas isintimately connected to the city ofLiverpool and we are extremelyproud to have been founded in1881 by and for the citizens of ourcity. Our city has many specialqualities, some of them uniquelyLiverpool, and of late we haveenjoyed an urban renaissancewhich has worked to the benefitof the University, its students andstaff. We have also made a majorcontribution to this success - notleast through a significant increasein our student population, aparallel growth in University staffand providing local jobs through amajor programme of investment inour facilities.It is no coincidence that theUniversity’s success is linked tothat of the Liverpool City Regionand we believe that it is importantnot only to recognise thatrelationship, but to actively nurtureand develop it. We have producedthis report to provide an evidencebase for future partnershipand growth and hope that itdemonstrates the University’scontribution both to life here nowand its potential to inspire otherorganisations, community leadersand, indeed, our own staff togreater ambition.As a member of the Russell Groupof research-led universities,ranked in the top 1% of universitiesinternationally, our reach is global.Ground-breaking discoveriesin Liverpool make news andinfluence change across the world,and thousands of students fromoverseas as well as those closerto home choose to study at theUniversity of Liverpool each year.Some of the facts and figurespresented here may surprise you.The positive direct impact of theUniversity on the economy is,as you will see, substantial. But,while some of this informationmay be impressive at a glance,to us this is not simply about thenumbers. From building a globalnetwork of alumni and carryingthe Liverpool name overseas, tocreating high quality partnershipsthat promote investment in the cityregion, to enabling social mobilityand creating opportunities anda knowledge base that wouldotherwise not exist, we aspire tobe a University that forms part ofthe economic and social fabric ofthe Liverpool City Region.The famous redbrick VictoriaBuilding is at the heart of ouroriginal campus. Our new 68million Materials InnovationFactory, where we will deliversome of the most innovativeresearch in advanced materialsanywhere in the world, inpartnership with another majorlocal and global organisation,Unilever, is a striking exampleof how our 136-year-old visionremains relevant today. Thatvision, for advancement oflearning and ennoblement of life,is about enriching lives throughenlightenment and discoverywhilst enabling people to fulfiltheir potential – and these are ourambitions for our students andstaff, for the place to which weproudly belong, and for the worldaround us.Vice-Chancellor, Professor Janet Beer
THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL ON THE LIVERPOOL CITY REGIONTHE UNIVERSITY’S ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION TO THE LIVERPOOL CITY REGION 51 THE UNIVERSITY’S ECONOMICCONTRIBUTION TO THE LIVERPOOLCITY REGIONThe University of Liverpool is a major contributor to the LiverpoolCity Region economy, supporting employment and investment ona significant scale.Nearly 11,000 jobs are reliant on the University in some way, either through direct employment or through spending by the University,its students and staff. The University attracts an annual income of nearly 500 million through delivering an extensive teachingprogramme and attracting substantial investment in its world-leading research. Our role in driving economic growth is significant too.Compared to a 4% increase in gross value added across Liverpool City Region between 2011-12 and 2015-16, the University’s economicgrowth accelerated by 31%.11 in every 5710,790jobs in Liverpool City Regionare dependant on the expenditureof the University, ourstudents and visitorsFig. 1. The University of Liverpool’s Income, 2015-16The University’s own impact is made up of three channels: direct,which is the impact of the University’s own spending running itsoperations; indirect, which is the economic activity supported by ourspending on inputs of goods and services; and induced, which isthe economic activity sustained by our staff, and those in our supplychain, spending their wages.growth in real gross value addedsupported since 2011-122.2%of the area’s economic output isstimulated by the University, ourstudents and their visitors 152 millionin tax revenues are supported by theUniversity, our students and visitors,the equivalent of funding for theMerseyside Fire and Rescue servicesfor two years 491 millionIn 2015-16, the University earned 491 million for the LiverpoolCity Region. Most of the income the University attracts - 82% - wasreceived for teaching and research, but we also earned incomeby providing student accommodation, catering, and other services(Fig. 1).Source: University of LiverpoolGross value added is the value of output a firm or institution produces, less the value of inputs used in that output’s production.in gross value added contributed to theLiverpool City Region’s GDP in 2015-1629%The University’s direct impact117%more jobs in 2015-16 than in 2011-12 652 millionThe University’s impactjobs in the Liverpool City Regionis supported by the University, ourstudents and their visitors in 2015-16
THE UNIVERSITY’S ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION TO THE LIVERPOOL CITY REGION 7THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL ON THE LIVERPOOL CITY REGION 322 millionFig. 2. The University’s employment compared to other sectorsin the Liverpool City Region, 2015-16The University directly contributed 322 million in gross value addedto the city region’s GDP. That is 1.1% of the Liverpool City Region’sentire economic output in 2015. It is broadly the same size as thecontribution made by the utilities sector.0.9%In 2015-16, the University employed 5,571 people in the LiverpoolCity Region. Our employment accounted for 0.9% of all jobs in 2015.To give a sense of scale, this is slightly more than all the peopleemployed locally in the architecture and engineering sector (Fig. 2).The University’s local supply chainWages paid by the University to staff living in the Liverpool CityRegion account for 0.9% of the total wages received by residents inthe area (Fig. 5). In the local authorities of Liverpool and the Wirral,this figure is higher, with University staff earning 1.7 and 1.0% of allwages received by residents.Source: ONS and Oxford EconomicsFig. 3. The University’s procurement expenditure by region, 2015-16 73 millionWe estimate the 890 people in our supply chain in the Liverpool CityRegion earned a further 36 million in gross wages. This plus ourstaff remuneration is estimated to have boosted consumer spending,making a 77 million gross value added contribution to the LiverpoolCity Region’s GDP in 2015-16. This supported almost 1,190 local jobsand generated more than 23 million in tax receipts.Source: University of Liverpool, Oxford EconomicsFig. 6. The University’s total expenditure impact on theLiverpool City Region, 2015-16The University’s total impactIn 2015-16, 42% of the University’s total spending on goods andservices was sourced from suppliers in the Liverpool City Region,totalling 73 million. (Fig.3). 446 million1,190890In total, the University supported a 446 million gross value addedcontribution to GDP in the Liverpool City Region in 2015-16. This is1.5% of economic output generated in the Liverpool City Region.890 jobsThis expenditure stimulated economic activity in a wide range ofindustries across the city region. In total, our procurement generateda 48 million gross value added contribution to the Liverpool CityRegion’s GDP, sustained 890 jobs and supported 11 million in taxrevenues along our local supply chain. The industries that benefitedthe most were professional and technical service suppliers, andmanufacturing (Fig. 4). 144 millionFig. 5. The University’s payment of wages as a share of totalreceived by residents of the Liverpool City Region and its sixlocal authorities, 2015-16The University paid 199 million in wages in 2015-16.Of this, 144 million (or 72%) was paid to staff who live in theLiverpool City Region. Their spending in local retail and leisureoutlets stimulates economic activity in the local economy.5,571 peopleThe University and its staff paid 72 million in income tax, andemployee and employer’s National Insurance contributions to HMExchequer in 2015-16. This is equivalent to the annual salaries of2,730 nurses, or the salary costs of all the nursing staff at the RoyalLiverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust for almostone and a half years.Wage spending impactsSource: University of Liverpool, Oxford EconomicsThe University itself generated 72% of this contribution to GDP. Sofor every 1 million of gross value added generated at the University,a further 390,000 is generated elsewhere in the Liverpool CityRegion’s economy (Fig. 6).7,650 jobsFig. 4. The economic activity supported within the Liverpool City Regionby the University’s procurement, 2015-16In 2015-16, the University supported 7,650 jobs in the LiverpoolCity Region. That is 1.2% of all jobs in the locality. Of these, 73%work directly for the University, meaning that for every 100 jobsat the University, a further 27 jobs are supported elsewhere in theLiverpool City Region.Total tax revenues generated by this employment and economicactivity were 106 million.Source: Oxford EconomicsSource: Oxford Economics
THE UNIVERSITY’S ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION TO THE LIVERPOOL CITY REGION 9THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL ON THE LIVERPOOL CITY REGIONAdditional students’ expenditureIn 2015-16, 21,500 of our students lived in the Liverpool City Region.Of these, an estimated 20,500 came from outside of the locality, orstayed in the area to attend the University.This includes some 8,200 students who come from elsewhere inthe UK, 8,000 from abroad, and 4,400 students who originated fromthe Liverpool City Region but would have otherwise left to studyelsewhere.2 342 millionThe students attracted into or retained within the Liverpool CityRegion spent 342 million off-campus. Their expenditure stimulated 202 million in gross value added at local businesses. The industriesin which economic output was boosted the most were housing rentalby 74 million, retailing by 46 million, and transport by 27 million.3,060 jobsThe spending by the students we attract or retain in the city regionsupported 3,060 jobs. This employment and economic activitygenerated tax receipts of 45 million.Visitors to students and theuniversityTotal impact2.2%The University, our students and the visitors they attract generateda 652 million gross value added contribution to the LiverpoolCity Region GDP in 2015-16 (Fig. 7). This is equivalent to 2.2% ofthe area’s gross value added. The University and the students’subsistence spending provide most of the contribution.1 in 57 jobsSome 10,790 jobs were supported by the University, its students, andvisitors (Fig. 8). Around 1.8%, or 1 in 57, of the jobs in the LiverpoolCity Region are reliant in some way on the University. Some 52% ofthe jobs were at the University, with students’ subsistence spendingstimulating 28%. Tax revenues of 152 million were generatedthrough this activity, the equivalent of the budget for the Mersey Fireand Rescue Service for two years.Fig. 7. Impact of the University, its students and visitors onthe Liverpool City Region’s GDP in 2015-16Driving growth in the Liverpoolcity region31%Over the last decade, the University’s direct contribution to GDPhas increased more rapidly than the one made by the Liverpool CityRegion. We are therefore boosting local economic growth. Thedifferential in growth rates is most evident since 2011/12. Takinginflation into account, the gross value added generated by theUniversity has increased by 31% between 2011/12 and 2015/16(Fig.9), compared to just 4% for the Liverpool City Region.21%The growth in employment at the University has also outstrippedjob creation across the Liverpool City Region over the last decade.Again the differential has accelerated recently. Between 2011/12and 2015-16 the University’s workforce has increased by 21%compared to 4% growth in employment in the City Region.Students from outside the Liverpool City Region are visited by theirfamily and friends. In 2015-16, these visitors are estimated to havespent 6 million while here on accommodation, food and beverages,transport, and visiting cultural, sports and recreational attractions.Spending by visitors generated 3 million in gross value added. Itsupported almost 60 jobs and generated 726,000 in tax receipts.1.8% v 2.2%The University hosted 16 graduation ceremonies in 2015-16. Morethan 5,200 of our students returned to attend a graduation on themain campus, bringing 12,690 guests. They are estimated to have spent 1.1 million in the City Region.The total gross value added contribution of the University, ourstudents, and our visitors has increased by 170 million between2011-12 and 2015-16. Our share of the Liverpool City Region’s GDPhas increased from 1.8% to 2.2%, reflecting our importance in theregion’s economic expansion (Fig. 11).The University held four Open Days for prospective students in thesame year. An estimated 36,100 people attended, many of whomtravelled to Liverpool from elsewhere in the UK and even abroad.This is estimated to have led to a further 1.3 million in spendingbeing injected into the Liverpool city region.Fig. 8. Impact of the University, its students and visitors onthe Liverpool City Region in 2015-16Expenditure by visitors to the University’s graduation ceremoniesand Open Days stimulated 1 million in gross value added in theLiverpool City Region in 2015-16. This supported local jobs and 301,000 in tax revenues.Source: OxfordEconomics2 The number of students from the Liverpool City Region who would have otherwise moved away to Universityhas been calculated using UCAS data on University of Liverpool applicants’ insurance choices.Index, 2005-06 100Our expanding operations have seen the University’s earnings forthe Liverpool City Region increase substantially since 2011-12.3 Thisgrowth reflects a 19% expansion of our student population since2011-12.Because of our expanding operations, and greater number ofstudents, our wider impacts have also increased. The University’sindirect and induced impacts have grown as we spend more ongoods, services and wages. More students bring further expenditureinto the local consumer economy and attract a larger number ofvisitors every year.Source: OxfordEconomicsFig. 9. Real gross value added produced by the University of Liverpooland the Liverpool City Region, 2005-06 to 2015-161.4% v 1.8%Source: ONS, Oxford EconomicsFig. 10. Employment at the University of Liverpool and in the LiverpoolCity Region, 2005-06 to 2015-16Index, 2005-06 100Source: University of Liverpool, ONSFig. 11. The share of the Liverpool City Region’s gross value addedand employment attributable to the University of Liverpool, 2011-12 to2015-16The number of jobs in the Liverpool City Region dependent in someway on the University, our students and visitors has increased by1,570 or 17% since 2011-12. This means that 1 in 57 (1.8%) jobs arenow at or supported by the University, compared to 1 in 70 (1.4%) in2011-12.Source: Oxford Economics
OUR PEOPLE INSPIRE 11THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL ON THE LIVERPOOL CITY REGIONUniversity of Liverpool students2 OUR PEOPLE INSPIREOur students tell us that they chose to come to Liverpool because of the courses we offer, our global reputationwhich ranks us in the top 1% of universities world-wide and because of our location, in one of the UK’s mostvibrant student cities.The University of Liverpool is the founding member of the prestigious Russell Group of world leading researchintensive universities. Since our inception in 1881 we have attracted staff and students from all over theworld to work and study here, bringing an influx of ideas and innovation that in turn create a huge range ofeconomic, social and cultural benefits for the Liverpool City Region. Once graduated, our alumni are importantambassadors for both the University and the city with many holding highly influential roles in the UK andoverseas. We are one of the largest employers in the Liverpool City Region. The University of Liverpool has alarge workforce, employing 5,571 people in 2015-16, excluding atypical1 staff. This makes us one of the largestemployers in the Liverpool City Region, with 0.9% of the region’s total employment on our campus. We employmore people than at the Jaguar Land Rover site at Halewood and Liverpool John Lennon Airport at Speke.Our students come from over 130 countries world-wide and as a result of ourhighly successful joint venture branch campus on China, we have the 14th largestinternational student body in the UK. As a comprehensive University we have morethan 250 undergraduate degree programmes, 150 postgraduate taught programmesand around 2,000 PhD students pursuing original research.Demand to study here has grown considerably, with student numbers increasing by32.5% over the last five years. The renaissance enjoyed by Liverpool since it wasEuropean Capital of Culture in 2008 has transformed our visitors’ experience of thecity with many now citing the importance of Liverpool as a location when choosing tostudy with us. (Fig.14).University of Liverpool staffFig.12. The University of Liverpool’s employment in comparison to othersignificant employers in the Liverpool City RegionPeople (000s)The University employs people from across the skills spectrum.In 2015-16, our teaching and research staff accounted for 50%of our employment. Clerical staff rank second at 17% of total,followed by management and administrative colleagues at 15%.Some 7% of our staff work in manual roles. (Fig.13)Fig.14. Students by region of origin, 2015-1624,100Almost 24,100 studentsstudied at the Universityin 2015-16, 22,300 ofwhom were based at theUniversity’s main campus inLiverpool14thThe University has the 14thlargest international studentbody in the UK, with 1.7% ofthe totalSource: University of LiverpoolThe University of Liverpool employed 5,571 people in2015-16, with 76% of them living in the Liverpool CityRegion.*Source: University of Liverpool82%Some 82% of our talent comes fromthe UK11%11% of our talent comes from otherEU Member States and 8% wereattracted here from the rest of theworld1 Atypical employment includes short term employment such as guest lecturers.76%Our staff are apart of the localcommunity, with 76% living in theLiverpool City Region90%In our 2016 staff survey 90% of ouremployees said they feel proud towork for the University, and 93% saidthey enjoy their work“Case study:Maike Pötschulat(MSc Urban Regeneration and Management 2013) final year of herPhD in the Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Criminology.She is researching the phenomenon of ‘Studentification’.“I’m investigating how a growing student population can ‘takeover’ traditionallynon-student neighbourhoods, altering the social and cultural balance and, overtime, even influence the area’s infrastructure. I’m particularly interested in howstudents engage with Liverpool as their university city.”8,200 from elsewhere inthe UK8,000 internationalstudents2nd8,500These additional studentslive, study and learn inthe Liverpool City Regionboosting the local economyand stimulating extraemploymentThe University of Liverpoolis the second largestrecruiter of internationalstudents in the North West22%Source: Oxford Economics, organisations’ accountsIn 2015-16, the Universityattracted or retained almost20,500 students to live inthe Liverpool City Region.These ‘additional’ studentsto the local area arecomprised of:4,400 from the local areawho would otherwise havegone elsewhere to study.In 2015-16, we attracted8,500 students (or 35%of our total number) fromabroad to the Liverpool CityRegion. Our internationalstudents hailed from morethan 130 countriesFig.13. University of Liverpool employment by category, 2015-1620,500The University attractsstudents from many parts ofthe globe to the LiverpoolCity Region, but it alsoretains its local roots. In2015-16, 22% of studentswere originally from theLiverpool City Region19%Student numbers havegrown by 19% or 3,900people over the last fiveyears20%Undergraduate applicantsgrew by 20% for 2015 entry(UCAS data 2015)36,100Some 36,100 people areestimated to have visitedthe University in our fourOpen Days in 2015-16. Thisbenefits the local transport,hospitality and hotelindustries78%78% of undergraduateapplicants indicated that‘being in a lively city’ hadinfluenced their decision toaccept their offer
OUR RESEARCH DELIVERS 13THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL ON THE LIVERPOOL CITY REGIONUniversity of Liverpool Alumni3 OUR RESEARCH DELIVERSThe University has more than 211,000 alumni in 171 countries across the world, providing the Universityand Liverpool with a global network of ambassadors and friends.“Case study:David Williams(BA Business Studies 2012) and co-founder of Independent Liverpool.Studying at the University strengthened my love for Liverpool and made merealise I wanted to stay here and put my own city on the map.Independent Liverpool started as a blog, then became a membership card,events, a website; but it’s so much more than that, it’s a movement. For me it’sa notion, the idea of shopping local, supporting your own and it’s transformedso much over the last four years. It stands to support Liverpool and localenterprise.“92%Official data shows thatour students are highlyemployable; 92% ofour 2014-15 graduates werein work or further study sixmonths after graduating25%of our employed graduateshave found jobs in theLiverpool City Region sixmonths after graduating30%Case study:Gael DecouduHead of Data Science and Digital Analytics, ShopDirectWe’re proud of our long standing relationship with the University of Liverpool.It seems to grow bigger and stronger every year. Having a world-class RussellGroup university on our doorstep, especially one that puts emphasis onemployability, is really important to us. There’s a focus on applying academictheory to real life scenarios at the University, which means the students wespeak to are able to start thinking and innovating commercially. We’ve hiredsome excellent students, from undergraduates to PhDs from STEM subjects,to bolster our customer intelligence teams. We’re also welcoming internsand MSc students for their final projects, developing research partnershipswith the faculty on applied research topics and providing scholarships to PhDstudents. Conducting guest lectures has also allowed us to develop a two-waypartnership.of our 2014-15 graduatesemployed in the LiverpoolCity Region work inhealthcare, health and thesciences33graduate start-ups hadsurvived more than threeyears in 2015Advancing knowledgeAt the forefront of innovation and discovery, academics and researchers at the University of Liverpool areadvancing knowledge to improve lives. Our leading research is driving breakthroughs in developing newmaterials with large-scale applications in both industry and consumer products, enhancing the personalisation ofhealth management, and progressing the battle against infectious diseases.We offer unlimited potential for researchers at all stages of their career and in many areas and disciplines, to havedirect positive effects on our world. Our strengths lie in our people, partnerships and the strategic networks wehave both locally and globally.81%Fig.15. Research outputs in REF 2014In the last assessment of UK universityresearch excellence, the ResearchExcellence Framework (REF) publishedin 2014, 81% of our research overallwas graded as world-leading orinternationally excellent.This is underpinned by our researchenvironment, including our facilities,research income, staffing andpostgraduate student support beingrated as 35% world leading and afurther 59% as internationally excellent. 93 million59%The University has increased its investmentin research from all funding sources overthe past five years. Funding from countriesoutside of the EU has seen the largestincrease, of 59%, since 2012. Our fundingfrom UK public sources has also gone up45% over this period.Fig.17. University investment in research millionSource: REFFig.16. University of Liverpoolresearch funding by sourceIn 2016, the University spent 93.2 millionon research. Of this, 45% or 42 millionwas provided by research councils anda further 16% or 14.8 million from theUK government. Some 6.5 million or 7%came from industry and a further 13.5million from charities.Source: University of LiverpoolUK public sectorUK private sectorOther EU Member StatesRest of the worldSource: University of Liverpool17%The University attracts considerable research funding from overseas, which represents significantexport earnings for the UK. Some 15.6 million, or 17%, of our research funding originated fromabroad in 2015-16.
OUR RESEARCH DELIVERS 15THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL ON THE LIVERPOOL CITY REGIONOur establishedknowledge leadershipAdvanced materialsLiverpool leads the design of functional materialsand is breaking new ground in this field.Supported by our dynamic new MaterialsInnovation Factory, we are actively lookingfor new materials that can have large-scaleapplications in both industrial manufacturing,healthcare and consumer products. Our leading research in the fieldof advanced materials influences developments in a wide range offields from catalysis, filtration and absorption of pollutants to batteryand fuel cell technology.Infectious diseasesWith over a century of discovery and translationalresearch in infectious diseases, the University ofLiverpool is a recognised leader in this field.Our work covers both global health problems,national and local issues. The depth and breadthof our clinical expertise in infectious diseases,capability in translational science and facilities for undertakingpreclinical work and clinical trials exemplify the University’s worldclass status in this field of research.Our interdisciplinary approach seamlessly brings together medicaland veterinary science with a focus on emerging infectious diseasesand zoonoses (diseases that spread from animals to humans).As a pioneer in infection and global health, the University is in a primeposition to respond when new global threats emerge, such as therecent Ebola crisis and Zika epidemic.The Liverpool City Region’sScience and Innovation audit (SIA)The University has played a leading role in progressing thedevelopment of the Liverpool City Region’s Science and Innovationaudit (SIA), working alongside partners including Liverpool City Counciland the Liverpool City Region Local Enterprise Partnership.Through a systematic review of capabilities and competitive strengthsin academia, the wider public sector, and the private business basewe have identified three areas where our Science and Innovationperformance is world-class.In Infection our long-standing collaboration with the Liverpool Schoolof Tropical Medicine gives the largest internationally excellent researchcommunity outside the South East. We are utilising world-classcollaborative strengths to tackle human and animal infectious diseasesand support new device and vaccine development.In Materials Chemistry we have a unique world-leading hub in newmaterials discovery, underpinned by a high ranking in UK and globalresearch measures in Chemistry, and innovative partnerships withcompanies such as Unilever and Croda.In High Performance and Cognitive Computing we have a strongpartnership with the Hartree Centre and other computing partners,which complement our recognised strengths in Computer Science andgive opportunities to accelerate knowledge discovery and industrialapplication across the region.The ways we have added value to SIA partners and the wider SIAprocess has been fivefold, namely by acting to provide: Personalised healthCombining our world-leading pharmacology andgenomics research paves the way for uniquelytreating individuals based on their genetics andother health data.The future of treating cancers and other diseaseslies in improved assessment of disease risk,improved diagnosis and stratifying patient groups for genome-guidedtreatment options.With a state-of-the-art Biobank and initiatives like the Futures projectwhich is genotyping 3,000 health volu
jobs in the Liverpool City Region is supported by the University, our students and their visitors in 2015-16 17% more jobs in 2015-16 than in 2011-12 2.2% of the area's economic output is stimulated by the University, our students and their visitors 152 million in tax revenues are supported by the University, our students and visitors,
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