Pros & Cons Of Various Bio-Metric Authentication Systems

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 4, April-2018ISSN 2229-5518104Pros & Cons of Various Bio-MetricAuthentication Systems1C.Arunkumar, 2M.DeepanayakiAbstract— This paper presents pros and cons of various biometric authentication systems. A brief introduction is usually offeredregarding commonly used biometrics including, Face, Iris, Fingerprint, Finger Vein, Lips, Voice, Signature Verification, Keystrokedynamic, DNA. With the fast increasing of the electronic crimes and their related issues, deploying a reliable user authentication sys tembecame a significant task for both of access control and securing user’s private data. Such authentication models have overcome othertraditional security methods like passwords and PIN. This paper outlined opinions about the usability of biometric authentication systems& advantages and disadvantages, future development of biometric authentication system.Keywords—Biometric systems, technique, face, Iris, finger, lips, voice.—————————— ——————————2 BIOMETRIC TECHNIQUES1 INTRODUCTION"Biometrics" implies "life measurement" however theterm associated with the utilization of uniquephysiological characteristics to distinguish an individual.It’s a new way to verify authenticity. Biometrics utilizesbiological characteristics or behavioral features torecognize an individual. In real a Biometrics system is apattern identification system that uses various patternssuch as iris patterns, retina design and biologicalcharacteristics like fingerprints, facial geometry, voicerecognition and hand recognition and so forth. Biometricrecognition system provides possibility to verify one’sidentity simply by determining “who these people are”instead of “what these people possess or may beremembered. The very fact that makes it really interestingis that the various security codes like the securitypasswords and the PIN number could be interchangedamong people but the physical traits cannot be. Theprinciple use of Biometric security is to change theexisting password system. There are numerous pros andcons of Biometric system that must be considered.Jain et al. describe four operations stages of a Unitmodal biometric recognition system. Biometric data hasacquisition. Data evaluation and feature extraction.Enrollment (first scan of a feature by a biometric reader,produce its digital representation and create a template,even a few in most of the systems).IJSER3 NUMEROUS BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS1. Facial recognition2. Iris3. Finger print4. Lips5. VoiceNew and emerging biometric techniques are1. Human scent recognition2. EEG biometrics3. Skin spectroscopy4. Knuckles texture5. Finger nail recognition4 BIOMETRICS METHODS4.1 Facial recognitionFacial scanning involves scanning of the entireface andchecking of critical points and areas in the facewith �——— 1C. Arunkumar, II MCA, Department of Computer Application,Priyadarshini Engineering College, Vaniyambadi, E-mail:arunjai658@gmail.com. 2M. Deepanayaki , Associate Professor, Department of ComputerApplication, Priyadarshini Engineering College, Vaniyambadi, E-mail:mdeepanayaki@priyadarshini.net.inIJSER 2018http://www.ijser.orgFig 1: facial recognition

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 4, April-2018ISSN 2229-55184.1.1 Advantages1.2.3.4.5.1054.2.1 AdvantagesIt does not require any co-operation of the testsubject to do any work.Systems set up in airports, multiplexes, and otheropen public areas can easily identify anindividual among the massive crowd.This performs massive identification whichusually other biometric system can’t perform.The systems don’t require any direct contact of aperson in order to verify his/her identity. Thiscould be advantageous in clean environments,for monitoring or tracking, and in automationsystems.Incident monitoring for security with photowhich in turn taken by a camera, but there is nosuch evidence with the fingerprint technology totrack these incidents.1.2.3.4.5.6.Iris possesses unique structure shaped by 10months of age, and is always stable throughoutlife.The iris incorporates fine texture. Evengenetically similar people have entirelyindependent iris textures.An iris scan can be carried out through 10 cm toa few meters apart.Non-intrusive data collection (no actual contactwith a scanner is required).Data capturing can be carried out even though auser is putting contact lenses or glasses.High accuracy and High recognition processspeed.4.2.2 Disadvantages4.1.2 Disadvantages1.2.3.4.Face recognition isn’t perfect and faceschallenges to perform under certain conditions.One obstacle associated with the viewingpositionof face.Face recognition doesn’t work effectively inbad/weaklighting,sunglasses/sunshades,lengthy hair, or other objects partly covering thesubject’s face.Not much effective for low resolution images.1.2.Iris scanners might be very easily fooled througha superior quality image of an iris or face insteadof the real thing.The scanning devices are often hard to adjustand may annoy multiple people of variousheights.The accuracy of scanning devices may impactedby unusual lighting effects and illumination fromreflective types of surfaces.Iris scanners tend to be more expensive incomparison with additional biometrics.Because iris is a tiny organ to scan from a longdistance, Iris recognition becomes challenging toperform well at a distance larger than a fewmeters.Iris recognition is vulnerable to inadequateimage qualityIJSERA serious drawback is that many systems are usuallyless efficient if facial expressions vary. Even a biggrin/laugh can render the system’s performance lesseffectively. (so significantly North america now permitsonly neutral facial expressions on passport photos )Additionally, when used for security purposes, it is morecostly and complex as compared to some othertechniques. Iris recognition offers one of the most securestrategies of authentication and recognition. Once theimpression of an iris has been taken using a standarddigicam, the authentication process involves, evaluatingthe present subject's iris with stored version. It is one ofthe most accurate technique with very low falseacceptance as well as rejection rates. This is how thetechnology becomes very useful.3.4.5.6.4.3 Fingerprint VerificationThis is one of the oldest forms of biometrictechniqueswhich involves mapping of the pattern of the fingerprintof the individual and then comparing the ridges,furrows,within the template. The fingerprint given to thedevice isfirst searched at the coarse level in the databaseand thenfiner comparisons are made to get the result.4.2 Iris RecognitionIn Iris and Retinal scanning, the iris and the retina arescanned by a low intensity light source and the image iscompared with the stored patterns in the databasetemplate. This is one of the fastest forms of biometry.Fig 3: fingerprintFig 2: IrisIJSER 2018http://www.ijser.org

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 4, April-2018ISSN 2229-55184.3.1 Advantages1.2.3.4.5.6.7.1064.4.1 AdvantagesThese systems usually are simple to use andinstall.It requires inexpensive equipment which usuallyhave low power intake.A fingerprint pattern has individually distinctivecomposition and characteristic remains the samewith time.Finger prints are largely universal. Only, of the2% of human population cannot use finger printsdue to skin damage or hereditary factors.Fingerprints are the most preferred biometric.Biometric fingerprint scanner presents a methodto record an identity point which is very hard tobe fake, making the technology incrediblysecure.It is easy to use along with the high verificationprocess speed and accuracy.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.Study proves that lips attributes are usuallydistinctive and also unchangeable for everysingle examined person.Lips prints used by forensics professionalsand criminal police training.Size of template is small.Lips based human recognition dependent onstatic mouth/face photos.Lips biometric certainly are passivebiometrics – person’s interaction is just notnecessary.Photos might be obtained from the ipsusuallyarevisible–nothidden/overcast by anything.Lips biometric can be hybrid to use as lipsvoice or lips-face biometric systems4.3.2 Disadvantages1.2.3.4.5.Because fingerprint scanner only scans onesection of a person's finger, it may susceptible toerror.Many scanning system could be cheat employingartificial fingers or perhaps showing anotherperson’s fingerSometimes it may take many swipe offingerprint to register.Fingerprints of people working in chemicalsectors often affected.Cuts, marks transform fingerprints which oftenhas negatively effect on performance.4.4.2 Disadvantages1.2.The concept of developing hybrid (multimodal)biometric system needs a lot of attention.Main drawback of this method is that theparticular facial attributes chosen may notacquire relevant details. E.g. visibility of teethmay present additional details that can’t beutilized by a lip shape model alone.A big smile might cause difficulty in recognitionof a person with respect to same person withneutral appearance as before.IJSER4.4 Lip identificationEssentially the most growing technique of humanrecognition, which originates from felony and forensicprocess, is usually human lips identification. Thisbiometric accumulate significant focus recently because itdeals with many difficulties of traditional identification.So as to recognize human identity, lips form and colorcharacteristics are taken into consideration. Lip biometricmay be used to improve the potency of biometrics such asfacial and voice recognition.3.4.5 Voice BiometryIt is proved that the frequency, stress and accent ofspeech differ from person to person. Voice biometry usesthis concept to solve the problem of illegal user. Thissystem has been implemented in the latest laptops aswell.Fig: Voice Biometry4.5.1 Advantages1.2.Fig: Lip IdentificationIJSER 2018http://www.ijser.orgSpeech can be recommended as a naturalinput as it does not demand any trainingand it is considerably quicker as comparedto some other input.Voice is usually a quite natural strategy tocommunicate, and in fact it is not necessaryfor you to sit at keyboard set or even workwith handheld remote control.