NATIONAL COMPETENCY STANDARDS FOR QUANTITY
NATIONALCOMPETENCY STANDARDSFORQUANTITY SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION ECONOMISTSTHE AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OFQUANTITY SURVEYORS
THE AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF QUANTITY SURVEYORSNATIONAL COMPETENCY STANDARDS FOR QUANTITY SURVEYORSCONTENTSUnitsPage oductionAcknowledgmentsCaveat144BASIC ABILITIES5PROJECT COST MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIESCost ManagementStrategic Planning (Core Unit)Budgetary Reporting and Monitoring Procedures (Core Unit)Cost Planning (Core Unit)Cost Estimating (Core Unit)Contract AdministrationAccount Management (Core Unit)Change Management (Core Unit)Claims & Dispute Resolution (Core Unit)ProcurementGeneral Procurement Advice (Core Unit)Contract Documentation (Including Bills of Quantities) (Core Unit)Financial AuditFinancial Audit (Core Unit)Resource AnalysisResource Analysis (Core Unit)68910111214161718202224262728ASSET FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIESFeasibility StudiesFeasibility Studies (Core Unit)Life Cycle Cost AnalysesLife Cycle Cost Analyses (Core Unit)Tax DepreciationTax Depreciation (Specialist Unit)Special AssessmentsSpecial Assessments (Specialist Unit)a) Sales Taxb) Stamp Dutyc) Land Taxd) Capital Gains Taxe) Local Authority Ratesf) Body Corporate Chargesg) Replacement Cost Estimatesh) Tenancy Reinstatement29313233343536383838394041424243ii
UnitsPage No.Audits16.17.18.44Audits (Specialist Unit)a)Premises Audit45b)Energy and Maintenance Audit46c)Asset Registers46Technical Due Diligence47Technical Due Diligence (Specialist Unit)49Compliance Issues50Compliance Issues (Specialist Unit)51SPECIALISED MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIESProject Value Management53Project Value Management (Core Unit)54Project Management55Project Management (Specialist Unit)55Project Risk Management56Project Risk Management (Specialist Unit)58Quality Assurance59Quality Assurance (Specialist Unit)60SUPPORT COMPETENCIES6123.Computer Services (Core Unit)6224.Measurement (Core Unit)6325.Construction Technology (Core Unit)6326.Government Regulation and Law (Core Unit)6427.Arbitration (Specialist Unit)6528.Expert Witness/Evidence (Specialist Unit)6629.Business Management (Specialist Unit)19.20.21.22.a)Communication67b)Information Management68c)Ethics and Standards68d)Human Resources69e)Marketing69f)Accounting70g)Office Management71h)Public Relations73i)Education and Training7430.Research and Development (Specialist Unit)7431.Cost Information Database (Specialist Unit)75iii
THE AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF QUANTITY SURVEYORSNATIONAL COMPETENCY STANDARDS FOR QUANTITY SURVEYORSINTRODUCTIONThe National Competency Standards for Quantity Surveyors October 1997, provides the basis for the development and evaluation ofthe level of competency of Quantity Surveyors throughout Australia.The competencies described in this publication cover the broad range of expertise provided by the modern Quantity Surveyor andextend beyond some of the more traditional Quantity Surveying services.Competency has been defined as the ability to perform the activities within an occupation to the standard expected for employment.Certain competencies are essential and provide the core requirements of a competent Quantity Surveyor. These core requirements willchange from time to time as the profession meets the demands for diversified new services. However, in order to clarify the currentposition, these Standards have been divided into Core (ie. essential) units and Specialist (ie. optional) units of competency.Education bodies seeking accreditation for courses in Construction Economics and Quantity Surveying will be expected to provide anappropriate level of education that satisfies these core units of competency.These Standards should also be read in conjunction with the National Competency Standards Policy and Guidelines published by theNational Training Board.The National Training Board Policy and Guidelines provide background information together with guidance on how to use theStandards.The development of competency standards for the profession serves many purposes, but fundamentally provide the profession with theopportunity to: define the competencies (core and specialist) required by the industry evaluate the training programs available to those wishing to enter the profession review the skills of practitioners and organisations, and identify their training needsThey may also be used to identify skills which will be needed in the future, directions for professional development and registrationrequirements.These Standards have been prepared under the auspices of The Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (AIQS), the regulatory bodyof the Quantity Surveying profession, whose mission is to:LEADthe development and promotion of the discipline of quantity surveying / construction economics;INFORMthe community of the benefits of total construction cost management;DEVELOPand maintain standards of excellence and best practice in the profession;PROMOTEquantity surveying as indispensable to value-added services in the construction process;ENCOURAGEthe efficient and sustainable use of all construction resources.Membership of the Institute is restricted to those with appropriate educational qualifications and who have demonstrated the requiredlevel of professional competence after a required work experience period. Corporate membership is open to Quantity Surveyors,Building or Construction Economists, Cost Engineers and Cost Estimators. Students and other related professionals are eligible fornon-corporate membership.2
INTRODUCTION (Continued)Quantity Surveyors are key professionals in the construction industry and their clients include financiers, developers, governmentagencies, building proprietors, architects and contractors. They can be involved in cost planning, cost management, procurement,contract administration, feasibility studies and asset financial management and all activities related to making the financial operation ofthe property and construction industries as trouble-free and effective as possible.Quantity Surveyors perform the role of cost management throughout the life of a project from the concept stage through acquisition andoperation and finally to disposal. The Quantity Surveyor in the role of cost manager is a competent and experienced person who willsafeguard the client’s interests and endeavour to minimise contractual claims and unexpected financial pressures on the budget.The following competency standards describe the skills required by Quantity Surveyors in providing professional services to theproperty and construction industries and are broken down into units of competency.Each unit of competency describes in broad terms a particular element of a Quantity Surveyor’s function in terms of performancecriteria, range indicators and evidence guides.Performance criteria specify the outcomes to demonstrate acceptable performance achieved for each element of competency.Range indicators frame the boundaries within which the performance criteria apply.Evidence guides give an indication of tangible results that confirm satisfactory demonstration of competence.Entry or Graduate level Quantity Surveyors first demonstrate acquisition of these competencies by successful completion of theirtertiary degree course. This enables them to proceed to Probationer level where these competencies are improved and expandedthrough supervised “on the job” training and experience over a minimum of two years. Their competencies are then reassessed by theInstitute through a review process and attendance at an Assessment of Professional Competence interview, which they must passbefore proceeding to Associate Level.Associates and Fellows may acquire the additional competencies through further formal education (post graduate studies), continuingprofessional development or “in-house” training and work experience.3
ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors wishes to acknowledge the contribution of a special task force established by the Institute in 1995 underthe direction of the Institute’s President, Professor Dennis Lenard, which resulted in a draft set of standards in August 1995.These standards were then further researched, developed and edited by Dr Alan Bowen-James, Senior Research Scientist with the Faculty of Design,Architecture and Building, University of Technology, Sydney.Final development and review was carried out by Martin Hinds a Life Fellow of the Institute.CAVEATThe many competencies described in this publication may be acquired by individual Quantity Surveyors over a lifetime of professional practice,education and training.Most Quantity Surveyors should have attained the competencies listed as “core” or essential, either after graduation from their tertiary course and in theirfirst five to ten years of on the job training in a Quantity Surveying practice.A number of the other competencies are quite specialised and therefore optional and might only be acquired by Quantity Surveyors working in a specificarea or on particular projects.It is therefore unlikely that all these competencies will be found in any one Quantity Surveyor. However, in many Quantity Surveying practices thebalance of these competencies is likely to be provided by pooling all the skills of the various staff.The Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (AIQS) publishes a Members’ Business Register which lists the services provided by members’ practices.People seeking Quantity Surveying services should refer to that Register and ascertain directly that the members concerned are able to provide the skillsor competencies required for a particular task.THE AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF QUANTITY SURVEYORSACN 008 485 809NATIONAL SURVEYORS HOUSE27-29 NAPIER CLOSEDEAKIN, ACT. 2600AUSTRALIA4
BASIC ABILITIESThe basic characteristics of the abilities that lead to a competent Quantity Surveyor are: Quantification/Measurement. The ability to quantify and enumerate. Analysis. The ability to observe, assess, identify problems and find innovative solutions. Appraisal/Evaluation. The ability to assess value. Communication. The ability to impart knowledge, ideas and concepts through oral, written and visual means. Interpersonal Skills. The ability to effectively work with others and to be part of a team. Leadership. The ability to lead and motivate. Self-Development. The ability to set goals, display enthusiasm, self motivate and undertake research. Management. The ability to organise, monitor, control and plan the effective use of resources. Documentation. The ability to prepare written information in a format which clearly conveys meaning. Synthesis. The ability to combine fact or ideas into a complex whole. Computer Literacy. The ability to understand and apply basic computer skills.These basic abilities form the platform from which a competent Quantity Surveyor can develop and are an integral part of the variousunits of competence.5
PROJECT COST MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIESProject cost management involves various cost management and procurement procedures to ensure that the Client's budget is properlyestablished and maintained.COST MANAGEMENTCost management of a project includes establishing the budget and then effectively monitoring and reporting against that budget on aregular basis, cost planning the evolving design, preparing appropriate contract documentation and advising on variations and claimsduring the progress of the project.Range IndicatorsCompetencies in cost management will be demonstrated in the execution of typical work undertaken as a professional QuantitySurveyor. The work in question will call for the application of extensive knowledge appropriate to the discipline. Such knowledge willnormally be acquired through a structured program of education to degree level incorporating training and work experience.This activity would be based on a clear understanding of the processes involved in project cost management including: strategies for gathering data and carrying out research on current construction costs and future predictions analysis of data relating to costing, budgeting and cashflows including financial implications of various options analysis of the financial implications of construction process use of appropriate analysis and evaluation techniques in reporting to the Client application of principles of cost management and elemental cost analysis construction and financial practices in the construction industry. life cycle implications where required appropriate recording and documentation of information including costingsPractitioners would demonstrate a thorough understanding of: factors affecting the industry- micro and macro economic factors- technological factors- the influence of inflation on construction costs principles of construction and the use of materials the legislative and regulatory requirements of the industry.Communication and computing skills would also be applied in conjunction with competencies in this area.Discrimination between the application of this unit at the levels of Entry Graduate, Associate and Fellow (or Expert) is chiefly in terms ofthe level of autonomy or supervision of the work required and the degree of leadership exercised. The type of projects on which thepractitioner has worked and the range of experience would also be taken into account.6
PROJECT COST MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIESCOST MANAGEMENTRange Indicators (Continued)Entry GraduateThe Entry Graduate would demonstrate these competencies in work undertaken under the supervision of a more seniorpractitioner. The Entry Graduate would be able to work effectively and develop through experience and added responsibilitythe ability to work under general guidance on the accepted range of work carried out by a professional Quantity Surveyor.AssociateThe Associate would demonstrate these competencies in the course of work associated with the application of appropriateknowledge to recognised tasks either self managed or expert practitioner supervised activities. The Associate would have hadvaried experience and worked on a range of projects.Fellow (or Expert)Competencies would be demonstrated in the course of undertaking tasks associated with the self managed application ofappropriate knowledge to recognised tasks and leadership of others in the performance of the professional activities. TheFellow (or Expert) would be expected to have had considerable experience and demonstrated competency over a wide rangeof projects.Evidence GuideEvidence of successful achievement of this competency would be effective and efficient management of the cost management processand the setting up and application of appropriate systems for monitoring of activities.7
PROJECT COST MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIESCOST MANAGEMENTCOMPETENCY STANDARD UNIT 1STRATEGIC PLANNING (CORE UNIT)ELEMENT1.11.21.31.41.5Provide strategic advice on thecosts and benefits of variouscourses of action on a constructionprojectPERFORMANCE CRITERIA1.1.1Various techniques for value optimisationestablished and implemented1.1.2Advice on various courses of actionprovidedConduct economic and financialanalyses for the life of aconstruction project1.2.1Relevant financial and economic data collected1.2.2Financial and economic data analysed for life ofprojectProvide input into the developmentof the project brief1.3.1Relevant data collected1.3.2Input into project brief provided1.4.1Requirements of relevant government planningand environmental legislation and regulationresearched1.4.2Strategy developed for compliance andmanagement of the project in line withestablished requirements1.5.1Data for cost benefit analyses accessed andevaluated1.5.2Cost benefit analyses preparedConduct compliance andmanagement studiesPrepare cost benefit analyses8
PROJECT COST MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIESCOST MANAGEMENTCOMPETENCY STANDARD UNIT 2BUDGETARY REPORTING AND MONITORING PROCEDURES (CORE UNIT)ELEMENTPERFORMANCE CRITERIA2.12.1.1Control systems established2.1.2Cost administration proceduresestablished2.1.3Cost reporting and forecastingsystems established andmaintained2.1.4Variation control systemsestablished and maintained2.2.1Required data collected2.2.2Appropriate procedures establishedfor co-ordination of cash flow2.3.1Contractors cost reporting systemsevaluated2.3.2Advice on required changes andadjustments given2.4.1Cost budgets for all contractsprepared and established2.4.2Work package scopeestablished2.5.1Format of cost reports established2.5.2Cost section of projectprogress report preparedbased on appropriate data2.22.32.42.5Establish and maintaincost management andmonitoring proceduresCo-ordinate Client’s cashflowAppraise Contractorscost reporting systemsEstablish budget forprojectPrepare cost reports9
PROJECT COST MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIESCOST MANAGEMENTCOMPETENCY STANDARD UNIT 3COST PLANNING (CORE UNIT)ELEMENTPERFORMANCE CRITERIA3.13.1.1Project cost objectives clarified with Client, colleagues and otherappropriate personnel3.1.2Project cost parameters and constraints identified and verified3.1.3Understanding of development processes involved in costingdemonstrated3.2.1Appropriate data gathering structures and relevant schedules developed3.2.2Data for cost estimates/indicative costs collected and evaluated3.2.3Documentation inputs to estimates/indicative cost processes prepared3.2Establish project costobjectives and parametersAccess data to produceestimate/indicative costs3.3Analyse time related costdata3.3.1Time related cost data analysed3.4Undertake project costestimate3.4.1Project cost estimate completed using time-related cost data3.5Analyse and adviseon various alternativedesign solutions3.63.73.83.93.5.1Analyses of design construction details completed3.5.2Design solutions evaluated3.5.3Appropriate design solution developed, compared and selectedPrepare projectimplementation andprocurement plan3.6.1Implementation and procurement plan clearly specified3.6.2Stages of the project identified with defined outcomesEvaluate outcomes andanalyse financial and nonfinancial return3.7.1Outcomes of the planning process evaluated3.7.2Implementation strategy analysed for financial and non financial returnPrepare cost plan3.8.1Documentation input into cost plan prepared based on sound principlesand accepted practice3.8.2Cost plan developed based on information collected and understandingof life cycle costing and process modelsUndertake scope audit3.10 Provide advice to Clientson estimate, costalternatives and cost plan3.9.1Scope audit undertaken based on sound principles and acceptedpractice3.10.1 Involvement in on-going planning/review cycle maintained3.10.2 Advice on cost plan provided to Client based on analysis of data3.10.3 Time lines and deadlines met10
PROJECT COST MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIESCOST MANAGEMENTCOMPETENCY STANDARD UNIT 4COST ESTIMATING (CORE UNIT)ELEMENTPERFORMANCE CRITERIA4.14.1.1Scope of estimatesresearched and prepared4.1.2Detailed estimates prepared4.1.3Estimates for proposedchanges and variationsprepared4.1.4Cash flow prepared4.2.1Cost factors researched anddeveloped4.2.2Productivity factors developed4.2.3Unit rates developed4.3.1Cost estimates reviewed andevaluated4.3.2Advice provided on accuracyof estimates4.4.1Procedures for estimatingresearched and appropriateprocedures prepared4.4.2Estimate reviews conductedaccording to sound principlesand accepted professionalpractice4.24.34.4Prepare estimatesDevelop costcomponentsAssess and advise on theaccuracy of costestimatesPrepare estimatingprocedures and conductestimate reviews11
PROJECT COST MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIESCONTRACT ADMINISTRATIONContract administration involves effective cost management of the project during the construction phase including preparation of costmanagement documents, management of cashflow including progress payments and rise and fall calculations, negotiation of claims andscope changes, dispute resolution and progressive reporting to the Client.Range IndicatorsCompetencies in contract administration w
The National Competency Standards for Quantity Surveyors October 1997, provides the basis for the development and evaluation of the level of competency of Quantity Surveyors throughout Australia. The competencies described in this publication cover the broad range of expertise provided by the modern Quantity Surveyor andFile Size: 984KB
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Pacific Association of Quantity Surveyors - (2001) - Competency Standards for Quantity Surveyors in the Asia-Pacific Region. All of these competency standards and guidelines provide a strong foundation for the potential development of global competency standards.File Size: 549KB
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