Land Status Determination - Arizona
Manual For Determination Of Status andOwnership; Arizona Mineral And Water RightsLand Status DeterminationSpecial Report 23PA2'.UPTON PLACER CLAIM#24301LA.T CMANceI'L".1411 1411.\11D.UPTON PLACER CLAIMHUMBER 0#1.PAT.Arizona Department of Minesand Mineral Resouces
ADMMRArizona Department of Mines and Mineral Resources1502 West Washington, Phoenix, AZ 85007 Phone 602-771-16001-800-446-4259 in Arizona FAX 602-771-1616 www.mines.az.govGUIDE TO ONLINE LAND STATUS RECORDSCircular 126, September, 2007, version 1.2 rev. 8-2010A supplement to Special Report 23, Manual For Determinationof Status and Ownership, Arizona Mineral and Water Rights, by J.C. Lacy, 1999Recently there has been a revolution in how public records are accessed. Record searches previously required visiting anoffice, but today most may be accessed remotely via the Internet.FederalMaster Title Plats https://www.blm.gov/az/mtps/mtp index.htm - (MTPs) forArizona. Title information surface, minerals easements etc.for the entire state by township. Supplemental plats arealso on line.LR2000 - www.blm.gov/lr2000 - Search information onleases, permits, contracts, grants, agreements, mineralpatents, etc. issued by the BLM for the followingactivities: oil and gas, coal and other minerals, sand,gravel, rights-of-ways, land exchanges and acquisitions,land use withdrawals, mineral patents, land classifications,land claims, land sales, legal land description, miningclaim recordation and status.Geocommunicator - www.geocommunicator.gov Interactive map viewer allows you to search and displaymost of the land and mineral, status, and mining claimscase records along with reference maps including surfacemanagement agency boundaries, active and closed miningclaims, topographic maps, and aerial imagery.General Land Office (GLO) Federal Land PatentRecords - www.glorecords.blm.gov - Provides access toFederal land conveyance records for the Public a PazMaricopaMohaveNavajoPimaPinalSanta CruzYavapaiYumaWeb w.co.yavapai.az.uswww.co.yuma.az.us1 Under Grantor Grantee Index on Links navigation bar.2 Only with a subscription fee.States. They also provide image access to more than twomillion Federal land title records for Eastern Public LandStates, issued between 1820 and 1908. Images of Serialpatents (land titles issued between 1908 and the mid1960s) are currently being added to the Land PatentWebsite.State of ArizonaState Land Department Interactive Map Server www.land.state.az.us/maps/server help swsmr/online maps.htmView a variety of on-line Arizona State maps showing thelocation of State Trust Land and Federal Lands in Arizona.Online maps display grazing leases and surfacemanagement areas, but not ownership or mineral leases.Arizona CountiesThe table below lists the Arizona counties that have onlineresources available for determining the current ownershipof land by tracing grantor and grantee transactions on aparticular property or unpatented mining claim. Mostcounties have records from the 1800s; available onlinematerial is usually more recent as noted below.PhoneOn-lineRecords928 337-7514520 432-8350928 779-6585800 291-4452928-428-3560928 865-2632928 669-6136602.506.3535928 753-0701928 524-4194520 740-4350520-866-6000520 375-7990928 771-3244928 YesYes²YesNoYesN/ADatesAvailable1986 - present1985- present1983 - present1985 - present1986 - present1978 - present1984 - present1871 - present1991 - present1989 - present1987 - present1980 - present1987 - present1976 - presentN/A
MANUAL FOR DETERMINATION OF STATUS AND OWNERSHIPARIZONA MINERAL AND WATER RIGHTS - Fourth EditionBy John C. LacyARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCESSPECIAL REPORT 23STATE OF ARIZONAJane Hull, GovernorPhoenix, Arizona1999
.Arizona Department of Mines .and Mineral Resources1502 West WashingtonPhoenix, Arizona 85007-3210602-255-3795 Fax 602-255-3777www.admmr.state.az.usWillis D. (Doug) Sawyer, DirectorBOARD OF GOVERNORSEric A. Nordhausen, TucsonChairmanSydney Hoff-Hay, PhoenixVice ChairmanWilliam J. Miller, PhoenixMemberKen C. Bennett, PhoenixMemberLeroy Kissinger, TucsonSecretaryMANUAL FOR DETERMINATION OF STATUS AND OWNERSHIP ARIZONA MINERALAND WATER RIGHTS, Copyright John C. Lacy, First Edition - July, 1977, Second EditionSeptember 1986, Third Edition - December, 1998, Fourth Edition - November, 1999
CONTENTSForward· . . . . . . . . · .Introduction· . . . . . . . . .Public Land Survey System· ·Public Land Grants· .Patents' . .Exchanges· . .Indian Lands· . .Grants to the State ofArizona .Implicit Ownership of the State ofArizona .Acquired Lands . . . . . . . . . . .Bureau Of Land Management RecordsLand Status and Use RecordsComputer Assisted Records . . . . .Mineral Location Records· . . . . .Other Records . . .EIM Abbreviations' . . . . .Forest Service Records· . . . · ·State Land Department RecordsDepartment Of Water Resources RecordsSurface Water Rights .Groundwater Rights·Effluent . . . . . . .Adjudication ProgramCounty Records · . · · .County Assessor s Office·County Treasurer s Office'County Recorder s Office·A Final 626262628. . 29FIGURES.Figure 1. Illustration of townships . . . . . . .5Figure 2. Illustration of legal subdivisions . . .5Figure 3. Illustrations of examples of lotting· . . 6Figure 4. lliustration of a MT plat with historic index'12Figure 5. Illustration of line weights and annotations13Figure 6. Sample mining claim indexes' . . . '.' . .1415Figure 7. Sample MT plat . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 8. Illustration of standard map symbols for land records' . 20Figure 9 Map of active management areas and irrigationnon-expansIon areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
ForwardThe detennination of land status and ownership for mineral and water rights involvesthe interpretation of a myriad of federal and state laws, administrative orders, patent anddeed reservations.In order to make such a detennination, the records of land ownership and status asmaintained at the federal, state and county levels must be examined and it is important tounderstand the limits of each record system. The federal records relate to the existingfederal ownership and indicate the nature of any disposal. Likewise, the records ofthe StateLand Department relate only to the management and disposal oflands owned by the State ofArizona. County records relate to private ownership, and it is impossible to determinemineral status of federal or state lands based on a search of the county records.This booklet was an outgrowth of a "status map" published in early editions of abooklet entitled Laws and Regulations Governing Mineral Rights in Arizona, by Victor H.Verity, available from the Arizona Department of Mines and Mineral Resources. The mapcreated problems because it could not be kept current and the scale prohibited any accuraterepresentation of affected areas. Therefore, this booklet was originally published in 1977for use in conjunction with the Mineral Rights booklet and therefore emphasized mineralstatus and ownership. However, because interest in land ownership and status is not limitedto those engaged in mineral exploration, these materials were published separately. Thissecond edition includes changes in various record systems since the first edition as well asan expanded treatment of water rights and several other areas.The usefulness of this booklet is in large part due to the assistance provided by TomReitmeyer and Marsha Luke at the Arizona State Office of the Bureau of LandManagement who, together with the BLM office staff, provided the Master Title Platillustrations along with their usual courtesy and cooperation in reviewing the text of botheditions. Considerable assistance was also provided by Richard Gessner of the operationsdivision of the Department of Water Resources for an explanation of the current recordssystem of the Department.John C. LacyTucson, ArizonaDecember 1998
Manual For Determination Of Status And Ownership;Arizona Mineral And Water Rightsby John C. LacyIntroductionIt should be emphasized that most of therecords described in this booklet are secondarysources. The primary sources include deeds,patents, laws, executive orders and similar documents. Occasionally these secondary sourcesdo not accurately reflect the information in theprimary source. Further, the interpretation ofthese various laws, conveyances and other documents frequently involves a legal determination and an attorney should be consulted ifanything more than an informal determination'is desired.The public land laws of the United Stateshave created a wide diversity of estates in land,each having its own idiosyncrasies. In addition,the lands in public ownership are subject todaily changes in the applicability of the variouspublic land laws, including the mining laws, byvirtue of congressional and administrativewithdrawals. It is therefore impossible to publish an accurate statewide land status map thatwould not be obsolete almost immediately. Byfollowing the procedures outlined below, however, a reasonably accurate determination ofstatus can be obtained.Public Land Survey SystemThe first step in determining land status isto locate the land in question with reference tothe public land survey system. A good startingpoint is the topographic maps published by theUnited States Geological Survey (USGS) The"7.5 minute series" will show the land on ascale of 1" equals 2000'. These maps are available from the USGS, many engineering supplystores, and most map shops. These maps showthe public land survey system (where the landhas been surveyed) over a base of topographicand man-made features so a position on theground can usually be determined without theneed for real map reading expertise.The public land survey system was authorized by an Act of Congress in 1785 and coversmost of the United States with the exception ofthe 13 original states, some other eastern states,and Texas. In the areas that are included withinthis system, it is the basis for land descriptions.Under the public land survey system,lands are surveyed into "townships" six milessquare. Surveys start from an initial pointwhere a "base line" is carried east and west,and a "principal meridian" north and south. InArizona, the initial point is at the confluence ofthe Salt and Gila Rivers, approximately twelvemiles west of Phoenix and hence the riame ofthe meridian, the Gila and Salt River Meridian,usually abbreviated "G&SRM." Townships arenumbered consecutively north and south andranges east and· west, according to the distanceand direction from the initial point. Thus,Kingman is in Township 21 North, Range 17West; St. Johns is in Township 13 North,Range 28 East; Bisbee is in Township 22South, Range 24 East; and Yuma is in Townshi p 8 South, Range 23 West.Each township is subdivided into 36"sections," each one mile square (the boundaries of which run due north and south and eastand west in a regular and uniform township).Every four townships are bordered with aguide meridian and a standard parallel to permit adjustments for the curvature of the earthor other problems of surveying. These surveyadjustments are made in each of the townshipsbetween the standard parallel and guide meridian by making the individual sections on thenorth and west side larger or smaller (depending on the nature of the adjustment necessary)through the use of "lots." The, standard lot sizeis 40 acres, but lots can be larger or smaller, asrequired.Lots are also used when a natural featureor separate survey has, resulted in some irregularity within any of the regular 40-acre subdivi-'sions within each individual section. The mostfrequent example of a natural feature is astream bed and the most common separate sur2
vey is a mineral survey for a lode miningclaim.The foregoing is illustrated on pages 5and 6. Four townships are shown, along withthe numbering of the sections within the townships. Additional diagrams show how a singlesection is further subdivided into 40-acre tracts,and how land within a section may be described.Since 1910, the surveyor has been required to set an iron pipe with a brass cap at thecorner of each section which is stamped withthe township, range, and section corners. Ateach half-mile on every section a pipe is alsoset whereon the cap is stamped "S 114" and isoften called a "quarter-corner." A line on thecap will be N-S, or E-W, and the sections oneither side of the line numbered thus:819 or osubsurface evidence because these instructionsto surveyors suggested burying a portion of charcoal or a charred stick at the monument. Fruittree seeds were also frequently planted to make aclump of trees at the site of a corner.Posts were to be set at least two feet inthe ground and the portion of the post protruding above the ground was squared off to threeinches on a side for sections and four inchesfor townships and at least two feet above theground. Stones were required to be 18 incheslong with three-fourth of their length set in theground. In each case, the section corners werenotched on the south and the east sides with asmany notches as the corner is miles from thesouth and the east boundaries of the township.Thus, a corner common to sections 15, 16, 21,22, for example, will have 3 notches on itssouth side or edge, and 3 notches on its eastside or edge. The quarter-section comers have"114" chiseled on the stone or on the face of thepost.Public land surveys made prior to 1910are marked in several ways. Various instructions issued in 1855 and 1881 permitted government surveyors to use both post and stonecorners. These corners may also be verified byPublic Land Grantsup to 1,520 acres of isofated public lands atpublic auction and also permitted the owners ofadjoining lands to apply for purchase of up to760 acres, the greater part of which was notsuitable for cultivation. The Public Sale Patentsnormally do not reserve minerals, but the patents should be carefully checked, particularlythose issued after 1900.The Homestead Acts (HE Pat), the firstof a series of which was approved by Congresson May 20, 1862, form the basis of many ofthe early patents issued in Arizona. These patents are found mainly in the areas adj acent towater courses where surface water was available for irrigation. Prior to 1909, these patentscontained no reservation of mineral, but anypatents issued subsequent to 1909 should beclosely checked for mineral reservations.The Townsite Act of July 1, 1864 (TnsPat), and the many amendments thereto, provided a method of transferring public lands toan organized city or town (or a local judge inthe absence of an organized city or town) intrust for subsequent conveyance to individualsas town lots. The status of mineral rightsThe laws authorizing the transfer of public lands into private or local public ownershipforms a significant part of the history of theUnited States. The understanding of the extentof ownership rights rests in large part on an understanding of the nature and extent of thesegrants. The following is a brief discussion ofthe most common grants within the State ofArizona. The parenthetical reference is the abbreviation of the particular grant as it appearsin the public land records as maintained by theBureau of Land Management, which recordsare discussed on pages 8 through 11.PatentsThe "cash entry" patents (CE Pat) weregranted under the Public Land Sale Act ofApril 24, 1820, and permitted the highest bidder at a public auction to purchase public lands.These patents usually contain no reservationsof mineral.There were a number of different Acts ofCongress that authorized sales of public landsthat are shown on the BLM records as PublicSale Patents (pS Pat.) The most common in Arizona is the Isolated Tract Act of August 3,1846, as amended, which permitted the sale of3
private land claims did not conform to the.public survey system and therefore a speCIalsurvey was required to place th g ant on thepublic land rec,?rds. e land WIthIn the.grantis usually descnbed WIth reference to mIlemarkers on the perimeter of the grant.A substantial amount of land was grantedto the railroads under various Acts of Congressbetween 1850 and 1871 (RRG). These patents·generally form a checkerboard pattern within"place limits" of between five to twenty mileson either side of the railroad right-of-way. Thepatents in Arizona were issued to the Atlanticand Pacific Railroad Company (later Santa FeRailroad) within place limits of twenty mileson either side of the railroad right-of-way.Where lands were not available, the place limits were extended to thirty miles on either sideof the right-of-way for the selection of lieulands (RRLS). These grants excluded "minerallands," but by a decision of the Unit d StatesSupreme Court, it was ruled that the Issuanceof a patent amounted to a determination thatthe land was non-mineral and a subsequent discovery of minerals would not void the grant.The mineral rights in these lands are, therefore,owned by the patentee or its successors in interest.The Stockraising Homestead Act of December 29, 1916 (SRHE Pat), amende t? original Homestead Act to permit acqUISItionof private lands by the stockraising industry.Because of a desire not to convey substantialamounts of coal in the western United States, areservation of "coal and other minerals . together with the right to prospect for, mine, andremove the same" was placed in the patents.These lands are subj ect to entry under the mining and mineral leasing laws of the UnitedStates except where otherwise withdrawn or restricted.The Recreation and Public Purposes Actof June 4, 1926 authorized the issuance of patents to states, counties, municipalities, politicalsubdivisions or non-profit associations orcorporations for purposes of parks, schools andother recreation or public purposes (R&PPPat). When such a patent is issued, minerals arereserved to the United States under regulationspromulgated by the Secretary of Interior. Noregulations have been issued concerninglocatable minerals and only leasable mineralsare available for development.within a townsite patent is extremely complicated and can depend upon the knowledge concerning the existence of mineral value.s t thetime of issuance of the patent and the pnonty ofpossession of various rights.The General Mining Law of May 10,1872 superseded the Lode Location Act of July26 , 1866, and the Placer Act of July 9, 1870.and authorized the issuance of patents to mlnerallands (lode and placer mining claims). andcertain non-mineral land for purposes anCIllaryto mineral development (mill sites). Lodeclaims and some placer claims and millsites arenot located according to the public survey system, and a special "min ral survey" is hereforerequired to place the claIm on the pubhc landrecords. Once the survey is approved, the outside boundary of the survey is shown on thepublic land records by its mineral survey number (MS) (some earlier surveys are referred toby lot tract numbers begin?i g with 37 in e chtownship). When a patent IS Issued, the outhneof the patent (which may not include the entirearea within the mineral survey) is shown on thepublic land records as patented land (ME Pa9.It is important to note that the survey of a mIning claim or millsite is not a determination ofvalidity and claims within some old mineralsurveys are found to have been abandoned.The Desert Land Act (DLE Pat) waspassed on March 3, 1877, and provided an authorization to patent 640 acres (subsequentlyreduced to 320 acres) of desert land. The actrequired the entryman to place a certain portionof the land int
ARIZONA MINERAL AND WATER RIGHTS -Fourth Edition By John C. Lacy ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCES SPECIAL REPORT 23 STATE OF ARIZONA Jane Hull, Governor Phoenix, Arizona 1999 . Arizon
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Contents PROLOGUE 8 INTRODUCTION 10-11 1 WHY LAND 13 1.1 Land, power and democracy 14 1.2Land and conflict 16 1.3 Land and development 16 1.4 Land and organized crime 18 2. MORE LAND IN FEWER HANDS 21 2.1 The largest 1% of farms occupy over half of agricultural land 23 2.2 The smallest 80% of farms occupy less than 13% of land 25 2.3 The gender gap in access to land 27
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