Technician Licensing Class

Technician Licensing ClassTech FrequenciesPresented byRyan CaronNX1U

Amateur Radio Technician ClassElement 2 Course Presentation ELEMENT 2 SUB-ELEMENTS(Groupings) About Ham Radio Call Signs Control Mind the Rules Tech Frequencies Your First Radio Going On The Air! Repeaters Emergency! Weak Signal Propagation2

Tech Frequencies RF is theabbreviation thatrefers to radiofrequencysignals of alltypes.T5C6 Term “RF” refers toradio frequency4

Tech FrequenciesElectromagnetic waves carry radio signals betweentransmitting and receiving stations. T3A7 T3B3Electric and magnetic fields are the two components ofa radio wave.They are at right angles toeach other and together are called“electromagnetic” radio wavesRadio waves travel through free space at the speed oflight. T3B4 T3B11 T5C5The approximate velocity of a radio wave as it travelsthrough free space is 300,000,000 meters per second.Hertz is the unit of frequency.5

Tech Frequencies If a frequency readout calibrated in megahertz shows areading of 3.525 MHz, it would show 3525 kHz if it werecalibrated in kilohertz.T3B1 The name for the distance a radio wave travels during onecomplete cycle is wavelength. Keywords: distance and wavelengthT5B7Carrier, Frequency,Cycle, andWavelength The property of radio waves often used to identify thedifferent frequency bands is the approximate wavelength.6 Wavelength of the band: 2 meters; 20 meters; 40 meters,etcT3B7

Tech Frequencies The wavelength of a radio wave relates to its frequencyinversely, as the wavelength gets shorter the frequencyincreases.T3B5 Higher in frequency the shorter the distance between each wave. The formula for converting frequency to wavelength inmeters is the wavelength in meters equals 300 divided byfrequency in megahertz. (One answer ends with word Megahertz)T3B6Elmer TipConversions Between Wavelength and FrequencyConverting Frequencyto WavelengthConverting Wavelengthto FrequencyTo find wavelength () inmeters, if you knowfre3quency (f) in megahertz(MHz) Solve:To find frequency (f) inmegahertz (MHz), if youknow wavelength ( ) inmeters, Solve:(meters) 300f(MHz)f(MHz) 300(meters)7

Tech Frequencies The frequency range referred to as HF is 3 MHz to 30 MHz.T3B8 The frequency limits of the VHF spectrum are 30 MHz to300 MHz.T3B102-meters70 CM8

Tech Frequencies T1B352.525 MHz is a frequency is within the 6 meter band .50 MHz50.1 MHz54 MHz52.525 MHzCW6-Meter Wavelength Band Privileges T1B4146.520 MHz is a frequency is within the 2 meter band.148 MHz144 MHz 144.1 MHz146.52 MHzCW2-Meter Wavelength Band Privileges The 6 meter, 2 meter, and 1.25 meter bands availableto Technician Class operators have mode-restricted subbands.T1B10 6 meters50.0 – 50.1No FM! 2 meters144.0 – 144.1No FM! 1.25 meters222.0 – 222.34No FM!9

Tech Frequencies In the mode-restricted sub-bands at 50.0 to 50.1 MHz and144.0 to 144.1 MHz only CW emission modes are permitted.T1B11 CW only on these two sub-bands Transmitting on 223.500 MHz, you are using the 1.25meter band.T1B7219 MHz220 MHz222 MHz225 MHz223.50 MHz1.25-Meter Wavelength Band Privileges Data emission modes may be used by a Technician Classoperator between 219 and 220 MHz.T8D5 219 to 220 MHz for point-to-point digital message forwarding The frequency limits of the UHF spectrum are 300 MHz to3000 MHz.10T3B9 UHF is 300 MHz to 3000 MHz

Tech Frequencies 443.350 is a 70 cm frequency authorized to aTechnician Class license holder operating in ITU Region 2.T1B5 443.350 MHz is in the upper third of the 70 cm band420 MHz430 MHz440 MHz443.350 MHz450 MHz446.000 MHz70-CM Wavelength Band Privileges The national calling frequency is 446.000 MHz for FMsimplex operation on the 70 cm band.T2A2With a Technician Class operator license you areauthorized to operate on 1296 MHz in the 23 cm band.T1B61240 MHz1300 MHz1296 MHz23-CM Wavelength Band Privileges11

Tech Frequencies A band plan, beyond the privileges established by the FCC, isa voluntary guideline for using different modes or activities withinan amateur band.T2A1050.000-50.100: CW - No voice modes allowed per FCC section §97.30550.060-50.080: CW/Beacon Sub band50.100-50.300: Phone (SSB), etc. (no FM voice)50.100-50.125: DX Window50.300-50.600: All modes (simplex)50.600-50.800: Digital modes (e.g. Packet)50.800-51.000: Radio Control (R/C)51.000-51.100: "Pacific DX window" (SSB/CW)51.120-51.480: 6 Meter FM Repeater Inputs (areas w/500 KHz split)51.500-51.600: Simplex FM, 6 channels: 51.500, 51.520, 51.540,51.560, 51.580, and 51.60051.620-51.980: 6 Meter FM Repeater Outputs (areas w/500 KHz split)52.000-52.480: 6 Meter FM Repeater Inputs (for 500 KHz and 1 MHzsplit)Note: 52.525, 52.400, 52.040, and 52.020 are widely used forsimplex operation with 52.525 being the "national simplex"frequency.52.500-52.980: 6 Meter FM Repeater Outputs1253.000-53.480: 6 Meter FM Repeater Inputs and Repeater Outputs53.500-53.980: 6 Meter FM Repeater Outputs

Tech FrequenciesValid AmateurRadio bands aredifferent from‘Band Plans’which are avoluntaryguidance overand above thebands authorizedby the FCC.

Tech Frequencies When an amateur frequency band is said to beavailable on a secondary basis, amateurs may not causeharmful interference to primary users.T1C5 If you are operating on the 23 cm band and learn thatyou are interfering with a radio location station outside theUnited States you must stop operating or take steps toeliminate the harmful interference.T1B9 You should not set your transmit frequency to beexactly at the edge of an amateur band or sub-band: so that modulation sidebands do not extendbeyond the band edge; to allow for calibration error in the transmitterfrequency display; and to allow for transmitter frequency drift.T1B8All of these choices are correct14

Element 2 Technician ClassQuestion PoolTechFrequenciesValid July 1, 2010ThroughJune 30, 2014

T5C06A.B.C.D.What is the abbreviation that refers toradio frequency signals of all types?AFHFRFVHF

T3A07A.B.C.D.What type of wave carries radio signals betweentransmitting and receiving stations?ElectromagneticElectrostaticSurface acousticMagnetostrictive

T3B03A.B.C.D.What are the two components of a radiowave?AC and DCVoltage and currentElectric and magnetic fieldsIonizing and non-ionizing radiation

T3B04How fast does a radio wave travelthrough free space?A. At the speed of lightB. At the speed of soundC. Its speed is inversely proportional toits wavelengthD. Its speed increases as the frequencyincreases

T3B11A.B.C.D.What is the approximate velocity of aradio wave as it travels through freespace?3000 kilometers per second300,000,000 meters per second300,000 miles per hour186,000 miles per hour

T5C05A.B.C.D.What is the unit of frequency?HertzHenryFaradTesla

T5B07If a frequency readout calibrated inmegahertz shows a reading of 3.525 MHz,what would it show if it were calibrated in kilohertz?A.B.C.D.0.003525 kHz35.25 kHz3525 kHz3,525,000 kHz

T3B01A.B.C.D.What is the name for the distance aradio wave travels during one completecycle?Wave speedWaveformWavelengthWave spread

T3B07What property of radio waves is oftenused to identify the different frequencybands?A. The approximate wavelengthB. The magnetic intensity of wavesC. The time it takes for waves to travelone mileD. The voltage standing wave ratio ofwaves

T3B05How does the wavelength of a radiowave relate to its frequency?A. The wavelength gets longer as thefrequency increasesB. The wavelength gets shorter as thefrequency increasesC. There is no relationship betweenwavelength and frequencyD. The wavelength depends on thebandwidth of the signal

T3B06What is the formula for convertingfrequency to wavelength in meters?A. Wavelength in meters equalsfrequency in hertz multiplied by 300B. Wavelength in meters equalsfrequency in hertz divided by 300C. Wavelength in meters equalsfrequency in megahertz divided by300D. Wavelength in meters equals 300divided by frequency in megahertz

T3B10A.B.C.D.What frequency range is referred to as HF?300 to 3000 MHz30 to 300 MHz3 to 30 MHz300 to 3000 kHz

T3B08A.B.C.D.What are the frequency limits of theVHF spectrum?30 to 300 kHz30 to 300 MHz300 to 3000 kHz300 to 3000 MHz

T1B03A.B.C.D.Which frequency is within the 6meter band?49.00 MHz52.525 MHz28.50 MHz222.15 MHz

T1B04A.B.C.D.Which amateur band are you usingwhen your station is transmitting on146.52 MHz?2 meter band20 meter band14 meter band6 meter band

T1B10Which of the bands available toTechnician Class operators havemode-restricted sub-bands?A. The 6 meter, 2 meter, and 70 cm bandsB. The 2 meter and 13 cm bandsC. The 6 meter, 2 meter, and 1.25 meterbandsD. The 2 meter and 70 cm bands

T1B11What emission modes are permitted inthe mode-restricted sub-bands at50.0 to 50.1 MHz and 144.0 to 144.1 MHz?A.B.C.D.CW onlyCW and RTTYSSB onlyCW and SSB

T1B07A.B.C.D.What amateur band are you using ifyou are transmitting on 223.50 MHz?15 meter band10 meter band2 meter band1.25 meter band

T8D05A.B.C.D.Which of the following emission modesmay be used by a Technician Classoperator between 219 and 220 MHz?Spread spectrumDataSSB voiceFast-scan television

T3B09A.B.C.D.What are the frequency limits of theUHF spectrum?30 to 300 kHz30 to 300 MHz300 to 3000 kHz300 to 3000 MHz

T1B05A.B.C.D.Which 70 cm frequency is authorizedto a Technician Class license holderoperating in ITU Region 2?53.350 MHz146.520 MHz443.350 MHz222.520 MHz

T2A02A.B.C.D.What is the national calling frequency forFM simplex operations in the 70 cm band?146.520145.000432.100446.000MHzMHzMHzMHz

T1B06A.B.C.D.Which 23 cm frequency is authorized toa Technician Class operator license?2315 MHz1296 MHz3390 MHz146.52 MHz

T2A10What is a band plan, beyond theprivileges established by the FCC?A. A voluntary guideline for using differentmodes or activities within an amateur bandB. A mandated list of operating schedulesC. A list of scheduled net frequenciesD. A plan devised by a club to use a frequencyband during a contest

T1B08What do the FCC rules mean whenan amateur frequency band is saidto be available on a secondary basis?A. Secondary users of a frequencyhave equal rights to operateB. Amateurs are only allowed to usethe frequency at nightC. Amateurs may not cause harmfulinterference to primary usersD. Secondary users are not allowedon amateur bands

T1C05What must you do if you are operatingon the 23 cm band and learn that you are interferingwith a radiolocation station outside the US?A. Stop operating or take steps to eliminatethe harmful interferenceB. Nothing, because this band is allocatedexclusively to the amateur serviceC. Establish contact with the radiolocationstation and ask them to change frequencyD. Change to CW mode, because this wouldnot likely cause interference

T1B09Why should you not set your transmitfrequency to be exactly at the edge ofan amateur band or sub-band?A. To allow for calibration error in thetransmitter frequency displayB. So that modulation sidebands do notextend beyond the band edgeC. To allow for transmitter frequency driftD. All of these choices are correct

1.25 meters 222.0 – 222.34 No FM! 6-Meter Wavelength Band Privileges 2-Meter Wavelength Band Privileges CW 50 MHz 50.1 MHz 54 MHz 144 MHz 144.1 MHz CW 148 MHz 52.525 MHz 146.52 MHz . 10 Tech Frequencies T1B11 In the mode-restricted sub-bands at