Lab 2: Metric Measurement And Microscopy - Weebly
Lab 2:Metric Measurement and Microscopy
The Metric System “SI” Metric is the standard system ofmeasurement used in the sciences. Why use metric?– Official system of almost every country.– Less confusing if scientists use the samemeasurement system.– Based on units of ten, which makes convertingunits easy!
How To Read A Metric Ruler?
Metric Basics Most measurements have two parts, a BASEUNIT and PREFIX. The prefix tells you how to modify the baseunit – either larger or smaller. Start with the base unit and then examine theprefix to determine what to do next.
Know Your Prefixes!PREFIXKilo-PREFIX 10-310-610-9
Know Your Prefixes!PREFIXKiloCentiMilliMicroNano-PREFIX MEANINGThousand(1,000.0)Hundredth0.01 or 1/100Thousandth0.001 or 00)EXPONENT10310-210-310-610-9
Quick Conversions5.0 m mm Find out what your target unit’s exponent is:1.0 mm 10-3 m Which unit is larger? What direction do youneed to move the decimal point?Since the unit you are converting to (mm) issmaller, then move decimal to the right by 3.
Conversion Factors1. Take what you have Know what you need.5 m mm2. Figure out your conversion factor.Since 1,000 mm 1 mYour conversion factor would be:1,000 mmThe unit you want to1mget rid of ALWAYS goeson the bottom
Conversion Factors3. Multiply by your conversion factor.5 m x 1,000 mm ?1m5m x1,000 mm1m 5,000 mm
More Difficult Conversion Factors1. Sometimes you may want to use more thanone conversion factor.68 mm μm (micrometers)1 m 1,000 mm1 m 1,000,000 μm2. Create your conversion factors:1m1,000,000 μm1,000 mm1m
More Difficult Conversion Factors3. Multiply68 mm x1mx 1,000,000 μm ? μm1000 mm1m68 mm x1mx 1,000,000 μm ? μm1000 mm1m68 x 1 x 1,000 μm 68,000 μm
How To Calculate Solid VolumeVolume of a rectangular prism:V Length x Width x DepthV cm3 (cubic cm)
How To Calculate Liquid Volume:Use the Meniscus! Sometimes liquidmolecules are moreattracted to surface ofcontainer than each other. The MENISCUS is thebottom of the curve – thatis the true volume!Common Units: Liters (L) Milliliters (mL)
How To Read Volume:Use the Meniscus! Make sure to readgraduated cylinderat EYE LEVEL. If you read at anangle you will eitherunder- oroverestimate.
Types of MicroscopesOptical Microscopes Examine specimenusing your light andoptical lenses Lower magnification Can view live organisms May require dyes to seedetail Lower resolution Electron MicroscopesExamine specimen withelectronsHigher magnificationCan view only deadorganismsRequires specimen tobe coated with heavymetalsHigher resolution
Resolution Resolution the minimum distance between twoadjacent objects required so they can bedistinguished. Compound light microscope – 200 nm Transmission electron microscope – 0.1 nm
Optical MicroscopesStereomicroscope Allows you to view the surfaceof an opaque 3D specimenCompound Light Microscope Allows you to view flat,translucent specimens
The Compound Optical Microscope Light enters the microscopefrom the bottom. Travels through multiplelenses (hence the namecompound). The lenses magnify & bendthe light to your eye. Note: The image may beinverted if there is noprojector lens. Parfocal if focused in lowpower, it will be focused inhigher power
“Anatomy” of the CompoundOptical Microscope
Compound Optical Microscope:Objective Lenses Most of these microscopes have four lenses:– Scanning objective– Low power objective– High power objective– Oil immersion objective Eyepiece is also a lens (ocular lens) Total magnification ocular x objective
Electron MicroscopesTransmission Electron Microscope Allows you to view flat, translucentspecimensScanning Electron Microscope Allows you to view the surface of a3D specimen
Methylene Blue / Iodine Solution Common staining solutionsCareful! May stain clothing, hands, equip.It is an irritant - don’t taste or inhaleAvoid contact with eyes and skin.
Today’s Specimens Human epithelial cells– Epithelial tissue lines all the inner and outersurfaces of the body Onion epidermal cells Euglena– Unicellular protist– Capable of consuming other organisms(phagocytosis) for food or creating food byphotosynthesis
What Can You Identify in Euglena? Nucleus contains thecell’s DNA Eye spot detects light Contractile vacuolesare multipurposestorage containers Mitochondria are the“power plants” Flagella rotate in acorkscrew to movethe cell
Handling MicroscopesHold microscopes with two hands.One holding the arm and the otherunderneath the base.
The Metric System “SI” Metric is the standard system of measurement used in the sciences. Why use metric? –Official system of almost every country. –Less confusing if scientists use the same measurement system. –Based on units of ten, which makes converting units easy!
D. Metric Jogging Meet 4 E. Your Metric Pace 5 F. Metric Estimation Olympics. 6 G: Metric Frisbee Olympics 7 H. Metric Spin Casting ,8 CHAPTER III. INDOOR ACTIVITIES 10 A. Meteic Confidence Course 10 B. Measuring Metric Me 11 C. Metric Bombardment 11 D. Metric
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metric units. During Year 3 familiar metric units are introduced for length, mass and capacity. Working with metric units is extended in Year 4 to include familiar metric units for area and volume. Familiar metric units are metric units that would most commonly be experienced by
THE METRIC SYSTEM The metric system is much easier. All metric units are related by factors of 10. Nearly the entire world (95%), except the United States, now uses the metric system. Metric is used exclusively in science
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System. The metric system is a system of measurement that is used by scientists all over the world. The metric system is simpler and easier to use and understand than traditional measurement systems Most countries only use the metric system. In the United States, we use the English or Standard measurement System.
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