Astro-Venture Educator Guide - Green Bank Observatory
National Aeronautics andSpace AdministrationAstro-VentureEducator GuideFeaturing Activities in sa.govEducator ProductEducatorsGrades 5-8EG-2005-10-501-ARC
National Aeronautics andSpace AdministrationAstro-VentureAstronomyEducator GuideThis publication is in the Public Domain and is not protected by copyright.Permission is not required for duplication.The listing of proprietary names in this guide is not an endorsement of the products.The brand names/Web sites listed are suggestions only.Cover art:Background graphic: 8 inch refractor in the Crosby Ramsey Memorial Observatory dome atop the MarylandScience Center near Baltimore’s Inner Harbor; NASAInset graphic: Conceptual illustration of planet orbiting a distant star; NASAEducator ProductEducatorsGrades re.arc.nasa.gov
National Aeronautics andSpace ion Graphic(5.25” X 2.75”)Christina O’GuinnInstructional DesignMike WendlingChristina O’GuinnCurriculum DevelopmentRoger MarguliesArt DirectionAmberlee ChausseeJan NicoaraJohn NicoaraDesign and LayoutMariana TrivisoBonnie SamuelsonDorthy StarrDeborah BazarShelly EricksenNASA QuestAstro-Venture is one of many teaching tools found at NASA Quest — a Website connecting K-12 classrooms with NASA people, research, and sciencethrough mission-based challenges and explorations supported by NASAscientists, live Webcasts, Webchats, forums, and online publishing of studentwork. To find out more about these interactive multimedia products, visit:http://quest.nasa.govEditingEmma BakesRobbins BellRita BriggsMitch GordonOSS EducationalProduct ReviewScientific ReviewNASA Educational MaterialsThe Astro-Venture: Astronomy Educator Guide is available inelectronic format through NASA Spacelink — one of NASA’s electronicresources specifically developed for the educational community.This publication and other educational products may be accessed at thefollowing topnav/materials/about/index.htmlAstro-Venture: Astronomy Educator Guideastroventure.arc.nasa.govEG-2005-10-501-ARC
National Aeronautics andSpace AdministrationAstro Venture:PlaceholderIntroduction Graphic(5.25” X 2.75”)Astronomy Educator GuideTable of ContentsIntroductionOverview . 1Concept Map . 4Lessons, Objectives and Standards Alignment. 8Guide to Parts of the Lesson . 13Rubrics . 14Resources. 17Educational Standards List. 20Lesson 1:Introduction . 26Engage/Explore/Explain/Extend/Evaluate. 29Materials Packet. 37Career Fact Sheets. 39Biographies. 41Astro Journal . 46Human Requirements Reading. 49Survival Story . 51Planetary Comparison Chart . 52Lesson 2:Astronomy Training Module . 53System Requirements. 56Engage/Explore/Explain/Extend/Evaluate. 57Astro Journal . 65Astronomy Training Walkthrough . 67Planetary Comparison Chart . 69Rubric . 70Lesson 3:Properties of Matter . 71Engage/Explore/Explain/Extend/Evaluate. 73Astro Journal . 79Lesson 4:Matter and Molecules. 81Lesson 5:Changing States of Matter . 93Engage/Explore/Explain/Extend/Evaluate. 95Astro Journal . 103States of Matter Test . 105Lesson 6:Measuring Temperature . 107Engage/Explore/Explain/Extend/Evaluate. 110Astro Journal . 115Measuring Temperature Reading . 117Rubric . 119Lesson 7:Thinking in Systems. 120Engage/Explore/Explain/Extend/Evaluate. 122Astro Journal . 131Sample Systems . 132Lesson 8:The Solar System. 136Engage/Explore/Explain/Extend/Evaluate. 138Astro Journal . 148Solar System Illustration Activity . 149Rubric . 150Lesson 9:Planetary Temperature as a System . 152Engage/Explore/Explain/Extend/Evaluate. 155Astro Journal . 166Grouping Stars Cards . 167Are You My Type of Star Cards. 168Star Type Reading. 171Habitable Zone Reading. 173Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) Diagram . 175Engage/Explore/Explain/Extend/Evaluate. 83Astro Journal . 89Activity: Storing and Transporting Matter . 91Assignment: Matter and Molecules Poster. 92Astro-Venture: Astronomy Educator Guideastroventure.arc.nasa.govEG-2005-10-501-ARC
National Aeronautics andSpace AdministrationAstro Venture: Astronomy Educator GuideTable of Contents (Cont.)Lesson 10:Atmosphere and Temperature . 178Engage/Explore/Explain/Extend/Evaluate. 180Astro Journal . 188Planetary Comparison Chart . 190Campfire Metaphor . 191Disrupting Earth’s Orbit ActivityOption B: Animation . 225Jupiter’s Orbit Diagram . 227Jupiter and Earth cut-outs . 229Astro Journal . 241Rubric . 242Lesson 11:Atmospheric Mass . 193Lesson 13:Astronomy Mission Module . 243Variation. 195Engage/Explore/Explain/Extend/Evaluate. 196Astro Journal . 207Planetary Temperature System ConceptMap Activity. 209Rubric . 209Gravity Atmosphere Reading . 210Planetary Comparison Chart . 211Lesson 12:Disrupting the System. 212Engage/Explore/Explain/Extend/Evaluate. 214Disrupting Earth’s Orbit ActivityOption A: Series of Illustrations. 223Astro-Venture: Astronomy Educator GuideSystem Requirements. 246Engage/Explore/Explain/Extend/Evaluate. 247Astro Journal . 256Astrobiology Missions Activity. 258Astronomy Mission Walkthrough . 260Lesson 14:Final Project . 264Engage/Explore/Explain/Extend/Evaluate. 266Astro-Venture Proposal Guidelines . 274Glossary . 275Appendix – Screen Shotsastroventure.arc.nasa.govEG-2005-10-501-ARC
Astro-VentureAstronomy Educator GuidePage 1IntroductionThe Astro-Venture Astronomy Lessons have been developed by the National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationPlaceholder(NASA) for the purposeof increasing students’ awareness of and interest in astrobiology and the many careeropportunities that Introductionutilize science,Graphicmath and technology skills. The lessons are designed for educators to use withX conjunction2.75”)students in grades 5(5.25”to 8 inwith the Astro-Venture multimedia modules on the Astro-Venture Web site http://astroventure.arc.nasa.gov .Astro-Venture OverviewAstro-Venture is an educational, interactive, multimedia Web environment highlighting NASA careers andastrobiology research in the areas of astronomy, geology, biology and atmospheric sciences. Students in grades 5 to8 are transported to the future where they role-play NASA occupations and use scientific inquiry as they search forand build a planet with the necessary characteristics for human habitation. Supporting activities include chats andwebcasts (live streaming audio and video) with NASA scientists, classroom lessons and NASA occupations fact sheetsand trading cards.Astro-Venture Overall GoalAstro-Venture uses astrobiology content, the scientific inquiry process and critical thinking skills to increase awarenessof NASA careers and to educate students in grades 5 to 8 on the requirements of a habitable planet.Astro-Venture Overall Objectives Students in grades 5 to 8 will be able to identify and explain the vital characteristics of Earth that make it habitableto humans. Students will use the process of scientific inquiry to explain the methods scientists use to find planets that havecharacteristics necessary to sustain human life. Students will design a planet that has all of the necessary features to support human survival. Students will identify at least one NASA occupation that best fits their interests and skills and will identify methodsfor pursuing a similar career.Astro-Venture StructureAstro-Venture is composed of online, interactive, multimedia modules and off-line classroom lessons. The story lineand technology components provide the overall purpose and motivation for teaching the standards and concepts inthe off-line lessons. The technology components also help to connect students to real science and scientists at NASA.Astro-Venture is divided into five sections or “Research Areas.”1. Astronomy2. Geology3. Atmospheric Sciences4. Biology5. Design a PlanetAstro-Venture: Astronomy Educator Guideastroventure.arc.nasa.govEG-2005-10-501-ARC
Astro-VentureAstronomy Educator GuidePage 2IntroductionThe first four sections have the following components:Training (The “Whats”)In each of these interactive, online, multimedia modules, students make changes to aspects of our Solar System andmake observations of the effects on Earth. They then draw conclusions about the conditions that are required forhuman habitation in that science content area. In these training modules, students learn what humans need in aplanet and star system to survive.Classroom Lessons (The “Whys”)Off-line, students engage in many classroom investigations in which they learn why humans need the requirementsidentified in the Training modules. These lessons have been developed to meet national education standards andbuild on each other to truly teach standards-based concepts such as: states of matter, systems, the geologic rock cycle,human health systems and atmospheric composition.Missions (The “Hows”)After completing the training modules and lessons, students will engage in interactive, online, multimedia missions tosimulate the methods scientists might use to search for a star system and planet that meet the qualifications identifiedin the training modules. In these modules, students learn how to go about finding a planet that would supporthuman survival.Design a Planet (Overall Assessment)Once students have completed the first four sections, they will engage in the online, interactive, multimediaDesign a Planet module in which they will design a simulated star system and planet that meets all human survivalrequirements in all four areas: astronomy, geology, atmospheric sciences and biology.Project 2061In addition to meeting the National Science Education Standards, International Society for Technology in EducationStandards and National Council of Teachers on Mathematics standards, the Astro-Venture Astronomy Lessons arewritten to meet benchmarks from the Benchmarks for Science Literacy produced by the American Association for theAdvancement of Science (AAAS) as part of their science, math and technology reform movement called Project 2061.The mission of Project 2061 is to “shape the future of education in America, a future in which all students [will]become literate in science, mathematics and technology by graduation from high school” (p. VII). “The Benchmarksfor Science Literacy are statements of what all students should know or be able to do in science, mathematics andtechnology by the end of grades 2, 5, 8 and 12” (p. XI) and are based on extensive research of when and how it isdevelopmentally appropriate to teach the concepts and skills described.The table below shows how these benchmarks are identified for each lesson. There is a great deal of overlap betweenthe Benchmarks for Science Literacy and the national science and math education standards. Therefore, we havealso identified these standards, when appropriate. The first portion of the table entry identifies which standards orbenchmarks are referenced. 2061 is a reference to the Benchmarks for Science Literacy. NSES is a reference to theNational Science Education Standards. NCTM is a reference to the National Council of Teachers on Mathematicsnational mathematics education standards. ISTE is a reference to the International Society for Technology inEducation standards. The second portion of the table entry identifies the specific standard referenced. In the caseof Project 2061, the standard is referenced, the grade range is referenced and finally the number of the conceptAstro-Venture: Astronomy Educator Guideastroventure.arc.nasa.govEG-2005-10-501-ARC
Astro-VentureAstronomy Educator GuidePage 3Introductionunder this standard and grade range is referenced. We distinguish between “meeting” benchmarks or standards, and“addressing” them to alert educators to concepts that are taught in a lesson or lessons compared to topics or ideasthat we might touch upon but do not really teach. Educators may note that often several lessons are required totruly teach a concept. We understand the time constraints of the classroom may not allow for the time that is reallyneeded to truly teach a concept or benchmark; however, it is our goal to model effective instructional methods forscience, math and technology. As stated in Benchmarks for Science Literacy, “If we want students to learn science,mathematics, and technology well, we must radically reduce the sheer amount of material now being covered” (p. XI).Example of Lesson Objectives/Standards TableObjectivesStandardsMeets: 2061: 6C (3-5) #1, 2 Students will research and list the basic requirements for humansurvival in their Astro Journals. They will write a survival story identifying these basicrequirements, the consequences of not meeting them and howthey are met.Addresses: 2061: 4B (6-8) #2 After comparing characteristics of the Earth with other planetsand moons, students will predict which features of the Earth theybelieve are crucial to human survival.In addition to meeting benchmarks, the Astro-Venture Astronomy Lessons integrate some of the instructionalmethods that Project 2061 research has identified as being the most effective in teaching science, math andtechnology. These include: Overall Purpose: We provide an overall purpose or goal and connect to this throughout. We base measurableobjectives and assessments, which evaluate these objectives on the overall purpose. Prerequisite Knowledge/Skills/Misconceptions: We identify prerequisite knowledge and commonmisconceptions. We alert educators to these misconceptions and provide questions or suggestions on how thesemight be addressed. Variety of Phenomena/Quality of Experiences: We provide a variety of highly interactive experiences andquestioning strategies that require higher order thinking skills. Introducing Terms: We limit the use of terms and introduce them within context once the concept is understood. Welcoming All Students: We strive to make the content accessible to all student populations by providingsuggestions for Accommodations for students who might benefit from modifications and Advanced Extensions forstudents who can benefit from additional challenges. In addition, we incorporate cooperative learning, hands-onactivities and total physical response activities to facilitate the learning of students who speak English as a secondlanguage and to address multiple learning styles.Astro-Venture Concept MapThe following map (please see the following two pages) demonstrates the Benchmarks for Science Literacy andNational Science Education Standards that have been identified for Astro-Venture. The map shows the overallconcepts that are taught throughout Astro-Venture, as well as the benchmarks specific to the different sections. Themap also shows the prerequisite benchmarks that students should have mastered prior to learning the benchmarks inAstro-Venture.Astro-Venture: Astronomy Educator Guideastroventure.arc.nasa.govEG-2005-10-501-ARC
Astro-Venture: Astronomy Educator GuideThe atmosphere is amixture of nitrogen,oxygen and trace gasesthat include water vapor.NSES: D (5-8) #1.8The earth's force ofgravity enables the planetto retain an adequateatmosphere.2061: 4B (9-12) #1Ozone in our atmosphereprotects humans fromradiation. Earth'satmosphere also has lowlevels of poisonous gases. Inaddition, Earth'satmosphere has the rightlevel of "greenhouse" gasesto make the temperaturehabitable for humans. Ouratmosphere provides thenecessary amount ofpressure and interacts withour bodies to help us gainproteins and energy.Plants alter the earth'satmosphere by removingcarbon dioxide, using thecarbon to make sugars andreleasing oxygen. Thisprocess is responsible for theoxygen content of the air.2061: 4C (9-12) #1astroventure.arc.nasa.govThe solid earth is layeredwith a lithosphere; hot,convecting mantle, and densemetallic core.NSES: D (5-8) #1.1Populations of organisms canbe categorized by thefunctions they serve in anecosystem and how they gettheir food. Food websidentify the relationshipsamong producers, consumers,and decomposers in anecosystem.NSES: C (5-8) #4.2For ecosystems, the majorsource of energy is sunlight.Energy entering ecosystemsas sunlight is transferred byproducers into chemicalenergy throughphotosynthesis. That energythen passes from organismto organism in food webs.NSES: C (5-8) #4.3IntroductionThe earth is mostly rock.Three-fourths of itssurface is covered by arelatively thin layer ofwater (some of it frozen),and the entire planet issurrounded by a relativelythin blanket of air. It is theonly body in the solarsystem that appears able tosupport life. The otherplanets have compositionsand conditions verydifferent from the earth's.Earth's magneticfield with earth'satmosphereprotect humansfrom solar windand spaceparticles.Over a long time, matter istransferred from oneorganism to anotherrepeatedly and betweenorganisms and their physicalenvironment. as in allmaterial systems, the totalamount of matter remainsconstant, even though itsform and location change.2061: 5E (6-8) #2Dashed lines show prerequisitesstudents are expected to knowprior to beginning A-V units.Solid lines depict AstroVenture concepts.Arrows indicate ideal sequencingof learning.Page 42061: 4B (6-8) #2Humans need:water, oxygen, food, gravity,moderate temperature, lowlevels of poisonous gases,and protection from solarflares and high levels ofradiation to survive.The interior of t
and trading cards. Astro-Venture Overall Goal Astro-Venture uses astrobiology content, the scientifi c inquiry process and critical thinking skills to increase awareness of NASA careers and to educate students in grades 5 to 8 on the requirements of a habitable planet.
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