Wireless Data Communications For SCADA Systems
Wireless Data Communications for SCADA Systems Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 1
Advanced SCADA Features Networking (Communication Anywhere to Anywhere) Communication Network Data Reliability Data Security (No Communication Errors) (Immune to Intrusion) Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 2
“Open” Communication Solutions SCADA Wonderware Intellution Factorylink etc. Versatile Interface MODBUS DNP 3.0 OPC MDLC over TCP/IP etc. Applications Pressure/Flow Maintenance Leak detection etc. Versatile Media 900 Mhz Conventional 900MHz S.Spectrum Analog Trunking VHF / UHF Conventional UHF-900 MHz MAS System Telco Network GSM/GPRS Satellite Microwave . PLC Interface Allen Bradley Modicon Etc. Versatile IEDs Pressure Control Flow calculations Pumps Start etc. Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 3
A Communication Oriented RTU 1/3 A powerful combination of two functions: – Programmable Logic Controller – Communication Modem Communication Modem, Remote Control Programmable Controller Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 Local Control 4
A Communication Oriented RTU 2/3 Store and Forward Repeater F1-F1 Reporting By Event Node Linking two Media Protocol Converter for PLC Links RTU Local Control of Remote Sites Time Synchroniz ation Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 5
A Communication Oriented RTU 3/3 Local Process Network Comm. Polling via radio PLC Report by Event RTU Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 6
“Store and Forward” Links All radio links may use the same frequency ! RTU S&F S&F Repeater RTU RTU FIU SCADA HMI Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 7
Backup Links Enhance Reliability RTU RF RTU IP Gateway Line Backup Radio Radio SCADA Control Center RF RF RTU RTU Damaged Wire-line Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 8
Wide Area SCADA-Data Network S&F Repeater Primary Water SCADA Ethernet ToolBox IP Gateway Line Based network S&F Repeater RTU for Pumping Station Ethernet Secondary MCC IP RTU and Comm. Node Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 RTU for Reservoir 9
Complex SCADA System Printer Primary MCC RTU & Data Comm. Node Local Ethernet Line Based IP Main ToolBox IP Gateway Wireline Comm. Remote Ethernet Secondary MCC RTU & Data Comm. Node (SLIP) Prime Link TS RTU & Data Comm. S&F Backup Link Prime Link Remote ToolBox Backup Link Wireline Comm. RTU & Data Comm. Node Prime Link RTU & Data Comm. Node Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 10
Reporting in Wireless SCADA Systems Cyclic Polling of RTUs – Complete Polling - “Tell me about all your conditions” Time consuming process not suitable for wireless media – Report by Exception – “Tell me about only what changed” Change of state that does not require immediate attention – Cyclic Health Check - “Indicate shortly that you are alive” To minimize the health check cycle (leave time gaps for alarms) Initiating Unsolicited Messages – Report By Event - Predefined Alarm conditions Must get immediate attention of the operator (critical alarms) Group Calls – Burst messages – “Everyone Accept this Message” No acknowledgement is expected (“all keep quite for 5 minutes”) Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 11
Multiple Address System Network F1 Using the 7-Layer protocol sites may be configured for single frequency F3 F2 RTU RTU F1 RTU F2 F3 Site 2 RTU F3 Site 1 F1 F2 F3 Remote Programming F3 SCADA Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 12
Wireless IP Connection with SCADA Master Control Center IP Gateway IP Con. Programming ToolBox IP Network Ethernet Wireless IP Infrastructure 900 MHz – 5.7 GHz IP Con. Programming STS IP Con. RTU IP Con. RTU IP Con. RTU Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 13
Wireless GSM/GPRS Network RTU RTU RTU Site 2 Voice Micro Wave Back Bone Voice Site 3 Site 1 RTU Site 4 SCADA Voice Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 14
Combined PLC and I/Os with RTU I/O Control RTU With radio Wireless Network STS ToolBox Customer Site I/O PLC or IED with Native protocol Control Installed PLC or IED Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 15
SCADA Security Incident Trends 28 Something Big Changes Here * Projected 22* 20* 18 13 5 20 05 20 04 20 03 20 02 20 01 20 00 19 99 1 19 98 19 97 19 95 19 94 4 3 2 6 Se pt . 19 82 -1 99 3 1 2 19 96 2 6 Source: Eric Byres Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 16
Combined Set of Solutions May Help Physical Security – Provide adequate security to remote sites Firewalls – Protecting the corporate network Use of private data network – Public networks are often vulnerable Use of “complex” protocol structure Master Control Center – Need for specific analyzer Communications Security IP Gateway – Combined Encryption and Authentication – Multiple passwords across the system, etc. Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 17
Cost Saving Analysis 1/2 Calculate the overall Economic factors: – – – – – Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost of lost potable water due to bursts and leakages of electric energy during designated period for repairs and replacement of equipment travel to remote sites for periodic checkup of system supervision and manual data collection Cost (without SCADA) – Cost (with SCADA) Saving -----------Cost (without SCADA) Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 (%) 18
Cost Saving Analysis 2/2 2500 Cost of lost potable water due to bursts and leakages 2000 Cost of electric energy during designated period 1500 Cost for repairs and replacement of equipment 1000 Cost travel to remote sites for periodic checkup 500 Cost of manual data collection Total 0 Without SCADA With SCADA Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 19
System Programming Tasks With Simple Protocol With Layered Protocol Network Addressing Built In Error Detection Built In & Message Retry Diagnostics Built In Data Security Built In Main Application Main Application Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 20
Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 1. Wireless Data Communications for SCADA Systems. Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008 2. Advanced SCADA Features . Networking (Communication Anywhere to Anywhere) Data Reliability (No Communication Errors) . Allen Bradley
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SCADA MSME/SCADA/88 Every Month 96 Hrs. 4Hrs./day 25 10th Pass 8500/- Practical : SCADA design, SCADA design principles , software for generating solutions in SCADA, communicate . Software:PLC (ALLEN BRADLEY), SCADA-Simens, LabView Robotino Practical: Hardware & software Training, working of Robotics,
1.0 BACKGROUND TO SCADA 1.1 INTRODUCTION. What is SCADA? The acronym SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. SCADA is an industrial monitoring measurement and control system. It consists of a central station, field data gathering elements (RTUs) and a collection of standard and/or custom software .
The Simulation Security of SCADA Systems Simulation of SCADA Systems Simulation of SCADA Systems It is essential to model and simulate communication networks to study mission critical situations SCADA system is composed of units in domains like dynamic systems, networks and physical environments Each of these units can be modeled using a variety of
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Domain 6: Developing Resilient and Robust SCADA Systems Main objective: Ensure that the Certified SCADA Security Manager has a complete understanding of how SCADA systems should be resilient and recoverable in the event of an incident or major business interruption Competencies 1. Ability to identify failure points in SCADA
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