ARMY, MARINE CORPS, NAVY, AIR FORCE CBRN

ARMY, MARINE CORPS, NAVY, AIR QUES, ANDPROCEDURES FORCHEMICAL,BIOLOGICAL,RADIOLOGICAL, ANDNUCLEARDECONTAMINATIONFM 3-11.5MCWP 3-37.3NTTP 3-11.26AFTTP(I) 3-2.60April 2006DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION:Approved for public release;distribution is unlimited.MULTISERVICE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES

FOREWORDThis publication has been prepared under our direction for use by our respectivecommands and other commands as appropriate.STANLEY H. LILLIEBrigadier General, USACommandantUS Army Chemical SchoolJ. N. MATTISLieutenant General, USMCDeputy Commandant forCombat DevelopmentJOHN M. KELLYRear Admiral, USNCommanderNavy Warfare Development CommandCenterBENTLEY B. RAYBURNMajor General, USAFCommanderHeadquarters Air Force DoctrineThis publication is available at Army Knowledge Online www.us.army.mil and General Dennis J. Reimer Training andDoctrine Digital Library at http://www.train.army.mil .

PREFACE1.ScopeThis publication is designed for use at the tactical and operational levels. Thismanual provides multiservice tactics, techniques, and procedures (MTTP) for chemical,biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) decontamination. It defines the roles ofmilitary units and staffs involved in the preparation, planning, and execution ofdecontamination operations. It addresses the requirements for the different techniquesused in decontamination. This manual focuses on the need for all United States (US) forcesto be prepared to fight and win in a CBRN environment. It addresses the support theDepartment of Defense (DOD) may have to provide to support homeland security (HLS).The planning and coordination for CBRN decontamination takes place with the realizationthat the potential CBRN environment could be one in which there is deliberate oraccidental employment of CBRN weapons, or deliberate or accidental attacks orcontamination with toxic industrial material (TIM) (see Joint Doctrine for Operations inNuclear, Biological, and Chemical [NBC] Environments).2.PurposeThis publication provides a reference for CBRN decontamination; bridges the gapbetween service and joint doctrine; and contains tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP)for planning and executing operations in a CBRN environment. This manual addressesconcepts, principles, and TTP to include planning, operational considerations, and trainingand support functions. It serves as the foundation for the development of multiservicemanuals and refinement of existing training support packages (TSPs), mission trainingplans (MTPs), training center and unit exercises, and service school curricula. It drives theexamination of organizations and materiel developments applicable to CBRNdecontamination.3.ApplicationThe audience for this publication is combatant commands, joint task forces (JTFs),functional and service component units, and staffs in foreign and domestic locations thatcould be challenged by operations in a CBRN environment.4.Implementation PlanParticipating service command offices of primary responsibility (OPRs) will reviewthis publication; validate the information; reference and incorporate it in service andcommand manuals, regulations, and curricula as follows:Army. The United States Army (USA) will incorporate this publication in USAtraining and doctrinal publications as directed by the Commander, United States ArmyTraining and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). Distribution is according to the USApublication distribution system.Marine Corps. The United States Marine Corps (USMC) will incorporate theprocedures in this publication in USMC training and doctrinal publications as directed bythe Commanding General (CG), Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC).Distribution is according to the USMC publication distribution system.4 April 2006FM 3-11.5/MCWP 3-37.3/NTTP 3-11.26/AFTTP(I) 3-2.60i

Navy. The United States Navy (USN) will incorporate the procedures in thispublication in training and doctrinal publications as directed by the Commander, NavyWarfare Development Command (NWDC). Distribution is according to the DOD4000.25-1-M.Air Force. The United States Air Force (USAF) will validate and incorporateappropriate procedures according to applicable governing directives. It will develop andimplement this and other NBC MTTP through a series of USAF manuals providingservice-specific TTP. Distribution is according to the USAF publication distributionsystem.Coast Guard. The United States Coast Guard (USCG) will validate and refer toappropriate procedures when applicable. No material contained herein should conflict withUSCG regulations or other directives from higher authority or supersede or replace anyorder or directive issued by higher authority.5.User Informationa. The United States Army Chemical School (USACMLS) developed this publicationwith the participation of the approving service commands.b. This publication reflects current service and joint doctrine, command and control(C2) organizations, facilities, personnel, responsibilities, and procedures.c. Recommended changes are encouraged for improving this publication. Key anycomments to the specific page and paragraph, and provide a rationale for eachrecommendation. Send comments and recommendations directly to—iiFM 3-11.5/MCWP 3-37.3/NTTP 3-11.26/AFTTP(I) 3-2.604 April 2006

ArmyCommandantUS Army Chemical SchoolATTN: ATSN-TD464 MANSCEN Loop, Suite 2617Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473-8926COMM (573) 596-0131, extension 3-7364Web Site: https://www.us.army.mil/Marine CorpsCommanding GeneralUS Marine Corps Combat Development CommandATTN: C42 (Director)3300 Russell RoadQuantico, VA 22134-5001DSN 278-6234; COMM (703) 784-6234Web Site: https://www.doctrine.usmc.mil/NavyCommanderNavy Warfare Development CommandATTN: N5686 Cushing RoadNewport, RI 02841-1207DSN 948-4201; COMM (401) 841-4201Web Site: https://www.nko.navy.mil/Air ForceHeadquarters Air Force Doctrine CenterATTN: DJ155 North Twining StreetMaxwell AFB, AL 36112-6112DSN 493-7442; COMM (334) 953-7442Web Site: https://www.doctrine.af.mil/6.OtherThe following commonly accepted symbols are used throughout this manual torepresent different chemical and biological agents: Vx, VX, GA, GB, GD, HD, HN, TGD,THD, V, and G (see Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds forfurther descriptions of these agents).Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not referexclusively to men.4 April 2006FM 3-11.5/MCWP 3-37.3/NTTP 3-11.26/AFTTP(I) 3-2.60iii

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*FM 3-11.5MCWP 3-37.3NTTP 3-11.26AFTTP(I) 3-2.60FM 3-11.5US Army Training and Doctrine CommandFort Monroe, VirginiaMCWP 3-37.3Marine Corps Combat Development CommandQuantico, VirginiaNTTP 3-11.26Navy Warfare Development CommandNewport, Rhode IslandAFTTP(I) 3-2.60Headquarters Air Force Doctrine CenterMaxwell Air Force Base, Alabama4 April 2006MULTISERVICE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURESFORCHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEARDECONTAMINATIONTABLE OF CONTENTSPageEXECUTIVE SUMMARY. xvCHAPTER IDECONTAMINATION: CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES, AND LEVELSBackground. I-1Hazard . I-3Concepts—Combat Operations . I-3Concepts—Homeland Security. I-8Service Capabilities . I-10Training and Exercises . I-10DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.*This manual supersedes FM 3-5 and MCWP 3-37.3, 28 July 2000.4 April 2006FM 3-11.5/MCWP 3-37.3/NTTP 3-11.26/AFTTP(I) 3-2.60v

CHAPTER IICHAPTER IIICHAPTER IVCHAPTER VCHAPTER VICHAPTER VIIviDECONTAMINATION OPERATIONS: PLAN, PREPARE, ANDEXECUTEBackground. II-1Decontamination Planning. II-1Wartime Planning Considerations. II-3Homeland Security Planning Considerations . II-6Preattack Decontamination Operations . II-7Execution . II-10Postdecontamination Operations . II-11IMMEDIATE DECONTAMINATIONBackground. III-1Skin Decontamination . III-1Personal Wipe Down . III-1Operator Wipe Down . III-2Spot Decontamination . III-3OPERATIONAL DECONTAMINATIONBackground.IV-1Planning .IV-1Phases .IV-2THOROUGH DECONTAMINATIONBackground.V-1Planning .V-2Preparation.V-3Execution .V-3Predecontamination Staging Area . V-6Vehicle Crews .V-6Detailed Equipment Decontamination and Detailed TroopDecontamination Areas .V-7Thorough Decontamination Under Unusual Conditions .V-30Colocation of Patient Decontamination With TroopDecontamination .V-30CLEARANCE DECONTAMINATIONBackground.VI-1Postconflict Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace .VI-2Force Protection .VI-3Decontamination .VI-3Containment of Residual Hazards .VI-3Recovery and Control of Enemy Chemical, Biological,Radiological, and Nuclear Capabilities.VI-3Force Health Protection.VI-4Coordination With Multinational Forces or NonmilitaryEntities .VI-4Contaminated Materials Retrogradation .VI-4FIXED-SITE, PORT, AND AIRFIELD DECONTAMINATIONBackground.VII-1Assessing Capability .VII-2FM 3-11.5/MCWP 3-37.3/NTTP 3-11.26/AFTTP(I) 3-2.604 April 2006

Organizing for Decontamination.VII-2Buildings and Mission-Essential Operating Areas andSurfaces .VII-2Personnel Processing Procedures (Chemical).VII-3Personnel Processing Procedures (Radiological) .VII-12CHAPTER VIII AIRCRAFT AND AIRCREW DECONTAMINATIONBackground.VIII-1General Planning .VIII-1Aircraft Decontamination Levels and Procedures . VIII-3Civil Reserve Air Fleet and Contract Airlift Operations .VIII-21Aircraft Munitions Decontamination.VIII-21Air Cargo Movement Decontamination .VIII-23CHAPTER IXSHIPBOARD/MARITIME DECONTAMINATIONBackground.IX-1Shipboard Chemical, Biological, and RadiologicalDecontamination .IX-1Recovery Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and NuclearDecontamination .IX-5CHAPTER XPATIENT EVACUATION AND DECONTAMINATIONBackground.X-1Patient Decontamination.X-3Army Patient Decontamination Procedures.X-5Marine Corps Patient Decontamination Procedures .X-6Navy Patient Decontamination Procedures .X-7Air Force Patient Decontamination Procedures.X-7CHAPTER XI DECONTAMINATION IN SUPPORT OF HOMELAND SECURITYBackground.XI-1Federal Assistance .XI-1Response to a Homeland Security Incident—Decontamination Considerations .XI-2Department of Defense Decontamination Capabilities .XI-9CHAPTER XII LOGISTICSBackground.XII-1Consumption Rates and Replenishment.XII-1Maintenance Considerations .XII-7APPENDIX ACONVERSIONS AND MEASUREMENTSAPPENDIX BTECHNICAL ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,RADIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEAR, AND TOXIC INDUSTRIALMATERIAL DECONTAMINATIONBackground. B-1Nuclear and Radiological Weapons. B-1Biological Warfare Agents . B-3Chemical Agents . B-7Toxic Industrial Material . B-9Technical Reach-Back . B-104 April 2006FM 3-11.5/MCWP 3-37.3/NTTP 3-11.26/AFTTP(I) 3-2.60vii

APPENDIX CAPPENDIX DAPPENDIX EAPPENDIX FAPPENDIX GAPPENDIX HAPPENDIX IAPPENDIX JviiiDECONTAMINANTSBackground. C-1Types of Decontaminants . C-1Decontamination Solution Preparation . C-9Storage and Shelf Life . C-10Decontaminants . C-10DECONTAMINATION OF SPECIFIC SURFACES ANDMATERIALSSPECIAL DECONTAMINATION CONSIDERATIONSBackground.E-1Vulnerable/Sensitive Equipment .E-1Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear MunitionsDisposal .E-4Sample Transfer, Evacuation, and Processing.E-5Depleted-Uranium Decontamination.E-5Decontamination of Specific Radioisotopes .E-7Contaminated-Remains Decontamination .E-9Animals.E-10EFFECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON DECONTAMINATIONBackground.F-1Cold Weather.F-1Hot Weather (Desert and Jungle) .F-3Urban Areas .F-5Mountains.F-5DECONTAMINATION UNITS AND ASSETSBackground. G-1Army . G-1Marine Corps. G-4Air Force. G-7Navy. G-10Other Units. G-11DECONTAMINATION KITS, APPARATUSES, ANDEQUIPMENTBackground. H-1Decontamination Devices for Personnel . H-4Decontamination Devices for Equipment . H-5Power-Driven Decontamination Systems . H-7Fixed-Site Decontamination System Tactics, Techniques, andProcedures . H-10TERRAIN DECONTAMINATIONBackground. I-1Terrain Decontamination Methods . I-1Types of Surfaces. I-4THOROUGH DECONTAMINATION STATION CHARTS FORSUPERVISORS AND ATTENDANTSFM 3-11.5/MCWP 3-37.3/NTTP 3-11.26/AFTTP(I) 3-2.604 April 2006