Inverters & Variable Frequency Drives
Inverters & Variable Frequency DrivesNREL / NWTC 5 MW DynamometerRob Wills, Intergrid, LLCTemple, NH, rwills @ intergrid.us603-801-47491
About the Presenter. Renewable Energy since 1982Codes and StandardsPower Electronics & InvertersChairing NEC & IEEE WGs onMicrogridsNREL - Silicon Carbide-Based Inverters forIntermediate Wind ApplicationsSingle & Three Phase Inverters 20-50 kW forWind and Storage. Variable Speed Drives(VFD) as active front-end.Acknowledgement & ThanksNREL Subcontract - NFC-5-52012-03CIP Program2
What is a VFD (Variable Frequency Drive)?A variable-frequency drive (VFD) (also termed adjustable-frequency drive, variablespeed drive, AC drive, micro drive or inverter drive) is a type of adjustable-speeddrive used in electro-mechanical drive systems to control ACmotor speed and torque by varying motor input frequency and quency driveABB (Finland)Hitachi (Japan)Yaskawa (Japan)Owns Solectria USA3
What is a VFD (Variable Frequency Drive)?4
What is a VFD (Variable Frequency Drive)?Three Phase RectifierThree Phase Inverter5
What is a VFD (Variable Frequency Drive)?We use the VFD output inverteras an active PFC rectifierThree Phase RectifierThree Phase Inverter6
Why Use VFDs for The Wind Drive Train?1. Torque ControlTorque control is essential for VAWTsRotor inertia smooths out torque ripple in hub and driveTorque control benefits stall controlled HAWTsProvides more accurate speed control7
Why Use VFDs?2. UL Listed Turbine Front End & Assemblies VFDs: UL 508C - UL 61800-5-1 (2012) Assemblies: UL508 UL 508 Certified AssemblersIEC 61800-5-1 specifiesrequirements for adjustable speedpower drive systems, or theirelements, with respect toelectrical, thermal and energysafety considerations. It does notcover the driven equipmentexcept for interface requirements.8
Why Use VFDs?3. DC Injection BrakingDC Injection Braking mayeliminate the need for adiversion e-phase-induction-motors-putbrakes9
Why Use VFDs?4. Ability to use Induction Generators Off The Shelf (OTS)Lower CostHigher Efficiency - Lower Iron Losses (B Torque)Simple ConstructionNo Magnet Thermal IssuesNo CoggingVFD supplies required reactive power excitation10
Why Use VFDs?5. Increased EfficiencyNon-Sinusoidal Current causes Higher generator and wiring losses (P I2R)Improvements of a few % to 10% possible with long cablesAlso, 460V class generators and drives can be used (700V output).Reduces currents and wire size11
Why Use VFDs?6. Integral or Optional Diversion Load ControlConsidering development costs, a VFD is likely less expensive than a customrectifier and diversion load controller12
Why Use VFDs?7. Internal ProgrammingComplex control programs can be embedded in the VFD.For example, startup and shutdown sequences,Torque curve programming (T RPM2)13
Why Use VFDs?8. CostConsidering development costs, a VFD is likely less expensive than a customrectifier and diversion load controller14
What’s the Downside? VFD flexibility means lots of setup parameters, complexity and a significantlearning curve (500 page software manual) Manufacturers show little interest in low-volume non-traditional applications Field support staff require education 15
Regenerative VFDsCurrently, Siemens is the only MFR with a UL1741 listed regen drive.(120 kW three phase). No interest in single phase.16
Using A Separate Inverter Inverter runs with constant inputbus voltage VFD rectifies and boosts inputalternator voltage to bus voltage Power output is proportional toVFD torque command No VFD-to-Inverter comm.needed.17
Intergrid SiC Inverter Development Addressing 25 – 40 kW Single Phase Market(120/240V) Up to 100 kW 480V three phase Suitable for Battery Energy Storage High Rate LiTi Diversion LoadCREE SIC FET“Breadboard”PrototypeAcknowledgement & ThanksNREL Subcontract - NFC-5-52012-0318
Contact:Dr. Rob Wills, PEIntergridPO Box 48Temple, NH 03084603-801-4749rwills @ intergrid.usAllan Villiers, 1929Christmas iscoming.PortandStarboard.com19
speed drive, AC drive, micro drive or inverter drive) is a type of adjustable-speed drive used in electro-mechanical drive systems to control AC motor speed and torque by varying motor input frequency and voltage.
needs ac input. 1.1.1 Multi-stage Inverters and Single-stage Inverters Inverters can be basically classified into two sorts, which are multi-stage inverters and single-stage inverters. Some merits and demerits of different inverter strategies have been discussed in [1][2]. Multi-stage inverters commonly use dc/dc dc/ac topology, as presented in
Cross Reference Application Information Input Reactors Resistors Powerohm ACS Drives ACB Drives Baldor DC Drives Analog AC Drives AC Vector Drives AC Inverter Drives AC Micro Drives ACB Part Numbers Baldor ACB & ACS Drives ACB 530 - U1 - 07A5 - 2 Voltage: 2 230V 4 460V 6 600V Rating: 07A5 7.5A Type: U1 ACB530 - Wall Mount PC ACB530 .
SMA Solar Technology America LLC 4 Communication Products for Configuring PV Inverters . You can configure PV inverters with RS485 using the following communication products: Sunny WebBox Sunny Boy Control Computer with Sunny Data/Sunny Data Control software For PV inverters wi
ABB drives for food and beverage industry: — 01 Micro and machinery drives — 02 A, B General purpose drives — 03 Industrial drives — Drives and automation for food and beverage industry — 01 — 02 A — 02 B Drives are an important tool to deliver safety for food and beverage machinery. ABB's Variable Speed Drives (VSD) have been used
Variable Frequency Drives Presented by: Greg Stark, P.E. September 10, 2014 Sponsored by: Variable Frequency Drives (VFD’s) Popular speed control devices used in industrial, commercial and residential applications. –Huge energy savings potential operating centrifugal fans, pumps and compressors Vary frequency of electrical
Then Lenze is the partner you are looking for. For more than 60 years, drive and automation systems have been our core competence. 3 Contents Inverter Drives 8400 4 Inverter Drives 8400 motec 18 Inverter Drives 8400 protec 20 8200 vector frequency inverter 24 8200 motec frequency inverter 54 9300 vector frequency inverter 60. Price list .
1. Using Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) to save energy and reduce emissions in newbuilds and existing ships Energy efficiency plays the most important role in CO 2 emission reductions, accounting for up to 53% of total CO 2 emission reductions. In pump and fan applications onboard vessels, using Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) can cut
Again modified sine wave inverters are named after their output waveform. The output of the modified sine wave inverter cycles through positive, ground and negative voltage as shown in the diagram above, to give a similar output waveform to pure sine wave. Modified sine wave inverters are a much cheaper alternative to pure sine wave inverters .
