Decision Support (IRDS) IUPUI HOME STRETCH AND COACHING RESEARCH (DRAFT)
Institutional Research andDecision Support (IRDS)Highlights and Conclusions The number of 21st Century Scholar(TFCS) students enrolled at IUPUIIndianapolis has increased over the last sixyears (251 in 2010 and 741 in 2015). The one-year retention rate for the 2014cohort of TFCS was 72% which representeda 6% improvement over the 2013 rate of66%. Despite the lower academic preparednessand higher proportions of Federal Pellrecipients and First Generation studentsamong TFCSs, the TFCS students did nothave significantly lower retention rates thanAll Others in 2014.Understanding 21st Century Scholars Students at IUPUI IndianapolisThe purpose of this investigation was to enhance understanding of 21 st Century Scholar(TFCS) students’ characteristics, demographics, needs, expectations, commitments,academic success outcomes, and persistence rates. Additionally, there have been notableimprovements in TFCS retention rates over the past five years and this research briefexamines a variety of academic, social, and financial support factors that contributed toimproved student success. This report focuses on TFCS First-Time Beginners who receivestate aid and also on TFCS that receive additional IUPUI institutional aid and programmingsupport.Indiana’s 21st Century Scholars Program offers income-eligible Hoosier students up to fouryears of paid tuition at an eligible Indiana college or university after they graduate from highschool. In middle and high school, 21st Century Scholars are connected to programs andresources to help them plan, prepare, and pay for college. Once in college, Scholars receivesupport to complete their college degrees and connect to career opportunities. Scholarsattending IUPUI have the opportunity to participate the 21st Century Scholars SuccessProgram (TFCSSP). This program offers first-year peer mentoring, academic support, andworkshops that focus on academic success, career development, and personal growth. The improvements in retention rates overtime are most likely due to the increasedproportion of TCFS scholars who havereceived IUPUI Grant aid, programmingprovided by the TFCSSP, coaching providedby Inside Track, and improved SAT scores.The number and percentage of IUPUI IN First-Time Beginners who are TFCS has beensteadily increasing over the past six years. Shown in Figures 1 and 2 are the numbers andpercentages of TFCSs who received state aid from 2010-2015. Please note that enrollmentof TFCSs at IUPUI in future semesters may decline due to changes in eligibilityrequirements implemented by the State of Indiana. While TFCS students are majority white(58%), there are more underrepresentedTFCS students compared to the generalIUPUI population of beginners (AfricanAmerican 17% TFCS and 7% IUPUIoverall).Figure 1. Number of IUPUI Indianapolis 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners The most important reason TFCS studentschoose IUPUI is the availability of financialaid or scholarships. Compared to all other students, TFCSs aremore likely to feel a high sense of belonging,plan to work on-campus, enroll in 15 ormore credit hours, and have high Grit scores.TFCS students also have more externalcommitments such as taking care ofdependents, commuting to campus, andtaking care of household responsibilities andrate themselves lower with regard tophysical health. Although the majority of TFCS receivefederal, state, and institutional aid, they stillhave an average of about 3,000 unmetfinancial need.Number of First-Time Beginners Twenty First CenturyScholars (Received State Funds) Fall SemesterMichele J. 13224032000201020112012201320142015Figure 2. Percentage of IUPUI Indianapolis 21st Century Scholar First-TimeBeginnersPercentage of First-Time Beginners Twenty First CenturyScholars (Received State Funds) Fall 13%2011201215%18%20%5%0%20102013201420151
A total of 670 Indianapolis 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners received the IUPUI TFCS Grant in 2015. This wasthe largest number that has ever received the grant. This grant is designed to help meet the remaining financial need for21st Century Scholars who enroll full time at IUPUI. To be eligible students must be participating and receiving 21stCentury Scholarship funds from the state of Indiana and have a FAFSA on file by the priority deadline of March 10. Themaximum annual IUPUI 21st Century Scholars Grant amount is 2,000. Those students who meet eligibility areautomatically given the award (for full details see http://www.iupui.edu/ finaid/services/grants/twentyfirst/ ) Grantrecipients are expected to participate in programming and maintain a cumulative GPA of 2.5 to renew the annual award.Grant recipients who participate in TFCSSP peer mentoring programs and Summer Bridge have higher retention ratescompared to students who do not participate.Figure 3. Number of IUPUI Indianapolis 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners by Type of Aid in MutuallyExclusive Categories800# of Beginners: TFCS by Type of Fall 2008Fall 20092561991301577756Fall 2010Fall 2011991260Fall 2007Fall 2012Fall 2013Fall 2014Fall 201521st Century Scholars State Aid (Received TFCS State Funds and Not Institutional TFCS Grant Aid)21st. Century IUPUI Grant (Institutional Aid )Note: There were some students who received the IUPUI TFCS Pledge Grant in the Fall who had been identified as receiving TFCSState funds yet. Therefore, the totals do not match those shown in Figure 1.Figure 4. One-Year Retention Rates for 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners Who Received InstitutionalTFCS Grant Aid and Programming (All Degrees Retained at IUPUI 63%20%54%51%Peer Mentoring47%46%No Peer Mentoring56%0%2008200920102011201220132014Figure 5. One-Year Retention Rates for 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners Who Received InstitutionalTFCS Grant Aid and Programming (All Degrees Retained at IUPUI 8%40%53%20%Summer BridgeNo Summer Bridge2010201265%62%0%200820092011201320142
21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners who received the institutional IUPUI TFCS Grant and programming (SummerBridge or Peer Mentoring) had significantly higher one-year retention rates compared to TFCS Grant recipients who didnot participate in programming, even when taking into account high school grade point averages (HS GPAs), SAT scores,levels of unmet financial aid, and registration date (a proxy for motivation). Results are shown in Figure 6 and logisticregression results shown in Tables 1 and 2.A noteworthy limitation of this investigation is that students self-select into peer mentoring or summer bridge andselection bias may have affected the internal validity of this study. It is communicated to students who receive theinstitutional grant money that they are expected to participate in programming. However, there are no consequences fornot doing so. It is possible that the positive effects of TFCS programming on retention rates are due to the fact thatstudents who decide to participate may have differed in substantial ways from students who decided not to participate.Although important variables were treated as covariates in the statistical models, it is difficult to adjust for all possibleself-selection factors using traditional statistical techniques and when experimental designs using random assignment arenot employed. Thus, the reader should be cautious when attempting to make causal inferences based on the informationcontained in this report.Figure 6. 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners Who Received Institutional Grant Aid and Programming80%60%TFCS IUPUI Grant Recipients Retained at Any IU Campus (All Degrees)76% (418)72% (337)64% (301)57% (237)40%20%0%20132014Participated in Peer Mentoring or Summer BridgeDid NOT Participate in Peer Mentoring or Summer BridgeTable 1: Logistic Regression Results: 2014 IUPUI TFCS Grant Received in First Year and Programming: AllDegrees Retained Any IU Campus)Step 1HS GPASAT scoreUnmet Financial Need AYRegistration DateStep 2HS GPASAT scoreUnmet Financial Need AYRegistration DateNo Peer Mentoring or BridgeBS.EWaldSignificanceOdd 54.611.001.001.00.57Table 2: Logistic Regression Results: 2013 IUPUI TFCS Grant Received in First Year and Programming: AllDegrees Retained Any IU Campus)Step 1HS GPASAT scoreUnmet Financial Need AYRegistration DateStep 2HS GPASAT scoreUnmet Financial Need AYRegistration DateNo Peer Mentoring or BridgeBS.EWaldSignificanceOdd 152.991.001.001.01.603
Compared to all other students, TFCSs have significantly lower HS GPAs and SAT scores, are more likely to be University Collegeadmits, are more likely to enroll in 15 credit hours, are more likely to be first generation college students, and are more likely toreceive a Federal Pell Grant (proxy for low income). Tables 3 and 4 display some important differences between TFCSs and allother beginners.Table 3. 2014 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners Student Characteristics Compared toAll Other Beginners IUPUI IN Received State Funds First Year (N 721; 2863)High School GPASAT scoreDual/Direct AdmitCourse load in hours attemptedAttempted 15 or More Hours Fall SemesterPlaced into Remedial MathCampus HousingAcademic Honors DiplomaFirst Generation (neither parent attended college)FemaleAge2014 Financial IndicatorsFederal Pell Grant First YearLevel of Unmet Financial Need First YearTFCSMean or %3.3597127%15.1876%47%36%62%54%67%18.22All OthersMean or %3.40105239%14.4457%36%36%59%28%56%18.4489% 3,27831% 4,441Note: Bolded items are significantly different based on chi-square or independent t-test results (p .05)Table 4. 2015 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners Student Characteristics Compared toAll Other Beginners IUPUI IN Received State Funds First Fall (N 741; 2881)High School GPASAT scoreDual/Direct AdmitCourse load in hours attemptedAttempted 15 or More Hours Fall SemesterPlaced into Remedial MathCampus HousingAcademic Honors DiplomaFirst Generation (neither parent attended college)FemaleAge2014 Financial IndicatorsFederal Pell Grant First Fall SemesterLevel of Unmet Financial Need First Fall SemesterTFCSMean or %3.4097532%15.2279%39%44%74%54%67%18.16All OthersMean or %3.45106343%14.4157%29%39%64%29%56%18.3583% 3, 12628% 4,729Bolded items are significantly different based on chi-square or independent t-test results (p .05)4
While TFCS students are majority white (58%), there are more underrepresented TFCS students compared to the general IUPUIpopulation of beginners (African American 17% TFCS and 7% IUPUI overall). TFCSs are also more likely to beLatino(a)/Hispanic (results are shown in Figure 6).Compared to all other first-time beginners, TFCSs have significantly higher sense of belonging scores, and are significantly morelikely to plan to work on-campus, enroll in 15 or more credit hours, and have high Grit scores. TFCS also have more externalcommitments such as taking care of dependents, commuting to campus, and taking care of household responsibilities and ratethemselves lower with regard to physical health Results are shown in Table 5.Figure 6: Percent Ethnicity of 2015 Beginning 21st Century Scholar First-Time BeginnersNote: International students represent 4% of Beginners and 0% TFCS2015 TFCSAsian2015 All Latino6%13%58%Two or More Races7%White75%Table 5. Understanding 21st Century Scholar Beginners’ Needs, Commitments, Expectations2015 21st Century Scholar Beginners were statistically significantly different than all other Beginners:Strengths Higher Sense of Belonging to IUPUIMore likely to plan to work on-campus for payMore time interacting with on-line social networks (Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, etc.)More likely to be very committed to their educational goals (Grit Item)More likely to think about how they are doing in their courses (Self-Regulation item)More likely to plan to seek tutoring or mentoring help in specific coursesPotential Concerns More external commitments (time spent commuting to class, providing care for dependents living with them, and takingcare of household responsibilities More likely to rate themselves low or below average on study skills More likely to rate themselves low or below average on physical health Less likely to be able to comprehend reading assignments during high schoolResults are based on the 2015 Entering Student Survey (ESS) results. ESS is administered during New Student Orientation. Items reported assignificantly different based on independent sample t-test results (p .01). A conservative alpha level was adopted based on the number of testsconducted and only items with medium to high effect size based on the magnitude of difference are reported above.5
The number one reason why TFCS beginners choose IUPUI is the “availability of financial aid/scholarship.” This is the eighthmost important reason among all other beginners (results are shown in Tables 6 and 7).The top majors among University College TFCS beginners are Pre-Nursing, Exploratory, and Pre-Business. The top majorsamong Dual/Direct TFCS beginners are Exercise Science BSK, Biology BS, and Pre-Fine Arts-Herron. This may haveimplications for advising students (results shown in Table 8 below).Table 6. Top Ten Factors Affecting 21st Century Scholar Beginners’ Decision to Choose IUPUI1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Availability of financial aid/scholarshipAvailability of specific academic programs (majors)Institution's academic offerings such as courses, certification, and degreesCareer and job opportunities available in Indianapolis after I complete my degreeJob, career, and internship opportunities available in Indianapolis while attending schoolGraduates get good jobsOpportunity for an IU or Purdue DegreeCostIUPUI’s reputationSocial opportunities associated with IUPUI located in city of IndianapolisResults are based on the 2015 Entering Student Survey (ESS) results. Rank ordered by mean response out of 21 items.Table 7. Top Ten Factors Affecting All Other Beginners’ Decision to Choose IUPUI1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Availability of specific academic programs (majors)Graduates get good jobsInstitution's academic offerings such as courses, certification, and degreesCareer and job opportunities available in Indianapolis after I complete my degreeOpportunity for an IU or Purdue DegreeJob, career, and internship opportunities available in Indianapolis while attending schoolCostAvailability of financial aid/scholarshipIUPUI’s reputationSocial opportunities associated with IUPUI located in city of IndianapolisResults are based on the 2015 Entering Student Survey (ESS) results. Rank ordered by mean response out of 21 items.Table 8. Top Ten Majors for 2015 21st Century Scholar BeginnersUniversity CollegeMajor/Plan NamePre Nursing BSNExploratory BaccalaureatePre Business BSBPre Biology BS PUPre Forensic & Invgt Sci BS PUPre Psychology BA PUPre Criminal Justice BSPre Mechanical Engr BSMEPre Psychology BS PUPre Dental Hygiene l/Direct AdmitMajor/Plan NameExercise Science BSKBiology BSPre-Fine Arts-HerronElementary Education BSEDHealth Sciences BSComp Engr Tech Pu Fresh BSComp Info Tech Pu Fresh BSFor & Invest Sci BS PUComputer Science BSN21171511108876%9%7%6%5%4%3%3%3%3%6
The one-year retention rate for the 2014 cohort of TFCSs was 72% which represented a 6% improvement over the 2013 rate of66%. Additionally, the TFCS one-year retention rate was similar to the rate for All Other students even while TFCSs have lowerlevels of academic preparation are more likely to be first-generation and low-income college students compared to all otherstudents (Not TFCS). The one-year retention rates for the 2007 – 2014 cohorts of TFCS students compared to all other beginnersare shown in Figure 7. Figures 8 and 9 display the 4-year and 6-year graduation rates for the 2007 – 2011 cohorts of TFCSstudents compared to all other beginners. The graduation rates for TFCS are lower compared to all other beginners. It isnoteworthy that the 2007-2011 TFCS cohorts included higher proportions of students who did not receive the IUPUI TFCS Grantor programming support.Figure 7. One-Year Retention Rates 21st Century Scholar First-Time, Full-time Beginners Compared toAll Other Beginners Retained at Any IU Campus All 75%72%Not TFCS201020112014Figure 8. Four-Year Graduation Rates 21st Century Scholar First-Time, Full-time Beginners Compared toAll Other Beginners (Certificates, Associates, and Bachelor Degrees) Graduated Any IU TFCS0%20072008Not TFCS200920102011Figure 9. Six-Year Graduation Rates 21st Century Scholar First-Time, Full-time Beginners Compared toAll Other Beginners (Certificates, Associates, and Bachelor Degrees) Graduated Any IU ot TFCS200820097
A number of factors were examined to determine what variables could be contributing to the improvements in one-yearretention rates for TFCS students over time. More specifically, this investigation was conducted to determine whatacademic, student, and institutional factors may have contributed to the 6% improvement in one-year retention for the2014 cohort (72%) compared to the 2013 cohort (66%). Based on the data shown in Figures 10- 16, it seems likeincreases in SAT scores, percent of TFCSs receiving the IUPUI TFCS Grant, and increased participation inprogramming, specifically Summer Bridge may have contributed to the improved retention rates.Figure 10. Average High School GPAs 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners 2007-2015TFCS Fall Beginners Average HS igure 11. Average SAT Score 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners 2007-2015TFCS Fall Beginners Average SAT 0139749752014201590085080020072008Figure 12. Percent Receiving Federal Pell Grant 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners 2007-2015TFCS Fall Beginners % Receiving IUPUI TFCS 10201120122013201483%60%40%20%0%20158
Figure 13. Percent Receiving IUPUI Institutional Aid 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners 2007-2015TFCS Fall Beginners % Receiving IUPUI TFCS 20%0%0%2007200820092010201120122013Figure 14. Percent Participating in Summer Bridge 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners 2007-2015TFCS Fall Beginners % Participating in Summer 45%37%2010201124%23%2012201329%20142015Figure 15. Percent Participating in TFCS Peer Mentoring of 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners 2007-2015TFCS Fall Beginners % Participating in TFCS Peer 43%26%17%7%0%2007200820112012201320142015Figure 16. Percent Participating in IUPUI Academic Support Programming of 21st Century Scholar First-TimeBeginners 2007-2015TFCS Fall Beginners % Participating in Summer Bridge or Peer 35%20%0%20072008200920102011201220159
A series of analyses were conducted to determine if the interventions designed to improve the academic success of TFCSstudents were having significant positive influences on academic success outcomes. Results shown in Table 9 suggest thatTFCS students who received state funding and participated in Summer Bridge and peer mentoring had significantly higherFY GPAs. Peer mentoring participants had significantly higher retention rates, even when accounting for differences inacademic preparation and income levels. Results shown in Table 10 suggest that TFCS who received the IUPUI Grant andparticipated in Summer Bridge, peer mentoring or both had better academic success outcomes compared to TFSC Grantrecipients who did not participate in the programming. The students who did not participate had slightly lower HS GPAsand SAT scores. These analyses do not take into account selection effects and it is possible that the students whoparticipated in the programming were different compared to nonparticipants and these differences, rather than theprogramming, may have contributed to the differences in academic success outcomes.Table 9. 2014 Full-Time 21st Century Scholar Beginners Program Participation and Academic Success Outcomes:Retained at IUPUI Indianapolis Campus any Degree (Associates, Certificates, Bachelors)TFCS ParticipantsProgramTwenty First Century Scholars PeerMentoringSummer BridgeTFCS Peer Mentoring and SummerBridgeThemed Learning CommunitiesCampus HousingTFCS NonparticipantsNOne-YearRetentionIUPUI INFYGPANOne-YearRetentionIUPUI INFY .50Note 1: Twenty First Century Scholars means students received State TFCS funds.Note 2: Bolded items are significantly different based on chi-square or independent t-test results (p .05)Note 3: Peer Mentoring had a marginally significant effect on first year cumulative GPA and one-year retention rate when accounting for high schoolGPA, SAT score and low-income (received a Federal Pell Grant) based on linear and logistic regression procedures (p .10)Table 10. 2014 21st Century Scholar Beginners Program Participation and Academic Success OutcomesAll TFSC(ReceivedStateFundsFirst Fall )N 635All TFCSIUPUIGrantFirst FallN 573TFCSTFCS IUPUITFCSTFCSIUPUIGrantIUPUI Grant IUPUI GrantGrantSummerSummerand NOPeerBridgeBridge orSummerMentorinN 173PeerBridge orgMentoringPeerN 338N 390MentoringN 183One-Year Retention Rate (any IU)72%71%77%73%76%61%One-Year Retention Rate (IUPUI IN)Fall-Spring Retention (Any IU)Academically Dismissed First FallFirst Fall Semester GPAFirst-Year First-Year GPA Below 2.0024%25%17%23%19%37%High School GPA3.353.323.373.293.343.28Average SAT Score97496096996296794762% 3,14389%60% 3,43894%64% 3,31493%53% 3,16895%61% 3,39694%58% ison Measures% Academic Honors DiplomaAverage Unmet Financial Need% Received Pell Grant% African American, Latino(a), Twoor More Races% Living On Campus10
Inside Track coaching for TFCS represents a new collaboration between Indiana’s Commission for Higher Education(ICHE) and IUPUI. Inside Track was developed to provide individualized success coaching. For the pilot year in 2014,100 First-Year 21st Century Scholars students were paired with an Inside Track success coach who scheduled regularphone conversations with students to discuss their transition and adjustment to university life, as well as any obstaclesthat may be hindering their success in college. Although students did not meet with the coach in person, the coach wasable to refer students to the TFCSSP office or other campus resources as necessary. The Inside Track program alsocontinued for the 2015-2016 school year. It is noteworthy that the students who were selected for the IUPUI InsideTrack coaching were high-risk TFCS who received the TFCS IUPUI Grant, but did not participate in peer mentoring orSummer Bridge programming due to late registrations.In an effort to enhance understanding of the effects of Inside Track coaching on academic success outcomes, matchedcomparison groups were developed by selecting TFCS students in prior years who did not receive peer mentoring orSummer Bridge programming. The students were also matched on academic preparation, income level, and ethnicity.Shown in the Table 11 below, results suggest that the 2014 Inside Track TFCS Grant recipients had higher levels ofacademic success compared to the matched comparison groups.Table 11. Inside Track Student Outcomes Compared to a Matched Comparison Group*Outcome and Comparison MeasuresOne-Year Retention Rate (any IU)One-Year Retention Rate (IUPUI IN)Fall-Spring Retention (Any IU)Academically Dismissed First FallFirst Fall Semester GPAFirst-Year GPAFirst-Year GPA Below 2.00Comparison MeasuresHigh School GPAAverage SAT Score% Academic Honors Diploma% Received Pell Grant% African American, Latino(a), Two or More Races% Living On Campus2015 InsideTrackCoachingParticipant**N 1002014 InsideTrackCoachingParticipantN 100MatchedComparisonGroup*Fall 2013N 112MatchedComparisonGroup*Fall 2012N %34%32%55%93%34%22%* Matched comparison group consisted of First-Time, Full-Time 21st Century Scholars Students at IUPUI Indianapolis whoReceived State and IUPUI Institutional Funds and did not participate in peer mentoring or summer bridge interventions (2013 and2012 cohorts previous to the implementation of the Inside Track Coaching interventions).** 2015 Inside Track group includes only students who were 21 years old and under and excludes the Inside Track focusedintervention on students 22-24 years old.11
Percentage of First-Time Beginners Twenty First Century Scholars (Received State Funds) Fall Semester CONTACT INFORMATION Michele J. Hansen mjhansen@iupui.edu 317-278-2618 . Table 4. 2015 21st Century Scholar First-Time Beginners Student Characteristics Compared to All Other Beginners IUPUI IN Received State Funds First Fall (N 741; 2881)
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